Edit on GitHub

sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import logging
  4import re
  5import typing as t
  6
  7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  8from sqlglot._typing import E
  9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
 10    Dialect,
 11    datestrtodate_sql,
 12    format_time_lambda,
 13    inline_array_sql,
 14    max_or_greatest,
 15    min_or_least,
 16    no_ilike_sql,
 17    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
 18    regexp_replace_sql,
 19    rename_func,
 20    timestrtotime_sql,
 21    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
 22)
 23from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
 24from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 25
 26logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
 27
 28
 29def _date_add_sql(
 30    data_type: str, kind: str
 31) -> t.Callable[[generator.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
 32    def func(self, expression):
 33        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 34        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
 35        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
 36        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression, unit=unit)
 37        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
 38
 39    return func
 40
 41
 42def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 43    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
 44        return self.values_sql(expression)
 45
 46    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 47
 48    structs = [
 49        exp.Struct(
 50            expressions=[
 51                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
 52                for value, column_name in zip(
 53                    t.expressions,
 54                    alias.columns
 55                    if alias and alias.columns
 56                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
 57                )
 58            ]
 59        )
 60        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
 61    ]
 62
 63    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
 64
 65
 66def _returnsproperty_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
 67    this = expression.this
 68    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
 69        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
 70    else:
 71        this = self.sql(this)
 72    return f"RETURNS {this}"
 73
 74
 75def _create_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
 76    kind = expression.args["kind"]
 77    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 78    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
 79        expression = expression.copy()
 80        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
 81        if isinstance(
 82            expression.expression,
 83            (
 84                exp.Subquery,
 85                exp.Literal,
 86            ),
 87        ):
 88            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
 89
 90        return self.create_sql(expression)
 91
 92    return self.create_sql(expression)
 93
 94
 95def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 96    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
 97
 98    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
 99    """
100    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import Scope
101
102    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
103        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
104            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)) and unnest.alias:
105                for column in Scope(expression).find_all(exp.Column):
106                    if column.table == unnest.alias:
107                        column.set("table", None)
108
109    return expression
110
111
112# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
113# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
114# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
115# SELECT y + 1 z
116# FROM x
117# GROUP BY x + 1
118# ORDER by z
119def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
120    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
121        group = expression.args.get("group")
122        order = expression.args.get("order")
123
124        if group and order:
125            aliases = {
126                select.this: select.args["alias"]
127                for select in expression.selects
128                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
129            }
130
131            for e in group.expressions:
132                alias = aliases.get(e)
133
134                if alias:
135                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
136
137    return expression
138
139
140def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
141    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
142    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
143        cte_query = expression.this
144
145        if cte_query.is_star:
146            logger.warning(
147                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
148                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
149            )
150            return expression
151
152        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
153        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
154
155        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
156            to_replace = select
157
158            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
159                select = select.this
160
161            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
162            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
163
164    return expression
165
166
167def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
168    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
169    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
170    return this
171
172
173def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
174    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
175    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
176
177
178def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
179    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
180    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
181    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
182
183
184class BigQuery(Dialect):
185    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
186
187    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
188    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
189
190    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
191    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
192
193    TIME_MAPPING = {
194        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
195    }
196
197    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
198        "DD": "%d",
199        "MM": "%m",
200        "MON": "%b",
201        "MONTH": "%B",
202        "YYYY": "%Y",
203        "YY": "%y",
204        "HH": "%I",
205        "HH12": "%I",
206        "HH24": "%H",
207        "MI": "%M",
208        "SS": "%S",
209        "SSSSS": "%f",
210        "TZH": "%z",
211    }
212
213    @classmethod
214    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
215        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
216        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
217        # not they're qualified.
218        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
219            parent = expression.parent
220
221            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
222                parent = parent.parent
223
224            if (
225                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
226                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
227                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
228            ):
229                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
230
231        return expression
232
233    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
234        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
235        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
236        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
237        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
238
239        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
240
241        BYTE_STRINGS = [
242            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
243        ]
244
245        RAW_STRINGS = [
246            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
247        ]
248
249        KEYWORDS = {
250            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
251            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
252            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
253            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
254            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
255            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
256            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
257            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
258            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
259            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
260            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
261            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
262            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
263        }
264        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
265
266    class Parser(parser.Parser):
267        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
268
269        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
270        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
271
272        FUNCTIONS = {
273            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
274            "DATE": _parse_date,
275            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
276            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
277            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
278                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
279                this=seq_get(args, 0),
280            ),
281            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
282            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
283            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
284            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
285            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
286            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
287            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
288                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
289            ),
290            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
291            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
292            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
293                this=seq_get(args, 0),
294                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
295                position=seq_get(args, 2),
296                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
297                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
298                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
299                else None,
300            ),
301            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
302                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
303                this=seq_get(args, 0),
304                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
305            ),
306            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
307            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
308            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
309            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
310            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
311        }
312
313        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
314            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
315            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
316        }
317        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
318
319        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
320            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
321            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
322        }
323
324        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
325            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
326            TokenType.TABLE,
327        }
328
329        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
330            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
331            TokenType.VALUES,
332        }
333
334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
336            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
337                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
338            ),
339            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
340        }
341
342        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
343            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
344            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
345        }
346
347        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
348            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
349
350            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
351            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
352                table_name = this.name
353                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
354                    self._advance(2)
355                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
356
357                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
358
359            return this
360
361        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
362            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
363            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
364                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
365                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
366                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
367                )
368
369                if rest and this:
370                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
371
372                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
373
374            return table
375
376    class Generator(generator.Generator):
377        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
378        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
379        JOIN_HINTS = False
380        QUERY_HINTS = False
381        TABLE_HINTS = False
382        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
383        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
384        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
385
386        TRANSFORMS = {
387            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
388            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
389            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
390            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
391            exp.Create: _create_sql,
392            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
393            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
394            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
395            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
396            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
397            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
398            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
399            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
400            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
401            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
402            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
403            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
404            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
405            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
406            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
407            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
408            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
409            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
410            exp.Min: min_or_least,
411            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
412            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
413                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
414                e.this,
415                e.expression,
416                e.args.get("position"),
417                e.args.get("occurrence"),
418            ),
419            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
420            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
421            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
422            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
423                [
424                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
425                    _unqualify_unnest,
426                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
427                    _alias_ordered_group,
428                ]
429            ),
430            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
431            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
432            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
433            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
434            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
435                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
436            ),
437            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
438            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
439            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
440            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
441            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
442            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
443            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
444            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
445            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
446            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
447            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
448        }
449
450        TYPE_MAPPING = {
451            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
452            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
453            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
454            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
455            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
456            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
457            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
458            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
459            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
460            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
461            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
462            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
463            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
464            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
465            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
466            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
467            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
468            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
469            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
470            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
471            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
472        }
473
474        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
475            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
476            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
477            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
478        }
479
480        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
481        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
482            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
483            "all",
484            "and",
485            "any",
486            "array",
487            "as",
488            "asc",
489            "assert_rows_modified",
490            "at",
491            "between",
492            "by",
493            "case",
494            "cast",
495            "collate",
496            "contains",
497            "create",
498            "cross",
499            "cube",
500            "current",
501            "default",
502            "define",
503            "desc",
504            "distinct",
505            "else",
506            "end",
507            "enum",
508            "escape",
509            "except",
510            "exclude",
511            "exists",
512            "extract",
513            "false",
514            "fetch",
515            "following",
516            "for",
517            "from",
518            "full",
519            "group",
520            "grouping",
521            "groups",
522            "hash",
523            "having",
524            "if",
525            "ignore",
526            "in",
527            "inner",
528            "intersect",
529            "interval",
530            "into",
531            "is",
532            "join",
533            "lateral",
534            "left",
535            "like",
536            "limit",
537            "lookup",
538            "merge",
539            "natural",
540            "new",
541            "no",
542            "not",
543            "null",
544            "nulls",
545            "of",
546            "on",
547            "or",
548            "order",
549            "outer",
550            "over",
551            "partition",
552            "preceding",
553            "proto",
554            "qualify",
555            "range",
556            "recursive",
557            "respect",
558            "right",
559            "rollup",
560            "rows",
561            "select",
562            "set",
563            "some",
564            "struct",
565            "tablesample",
566            "then",
567            "to",
568            "treat",
569            "true",
570            "unbounded",
571            "union",
572            "unnest",
573            "using",
574            "when",
575            "where",
576            "window",
577            "with",
578            "within",
579        }
580
581        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
582            parent = expression.parent
583
584            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
585            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
586            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
587                return self.func(
588                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
589                )
590
591            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
592
593        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
594            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
595
596        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
597            if expression.alias_column_names:
598                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
599            return super().cte_sql(expression)
600
601        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
602            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
603            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
604                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
605
606            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
607
608        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
609            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
610
611        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
612            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
613
614        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
615            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
616
617        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
618            return self.sql(expression)
619
620        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
621            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
622                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
623            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
624
625        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
626            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
627                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
628            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
629
630        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
631            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
185class BigQuery(Dialect):
186    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
187
188    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
189    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
190
191    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
192    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
193
194    TIME_MAPPING = {
195        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
196    }
197
198    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
199        "DD": "%d",
200        "MM": "%m",
201        "MON": "%b",
202        "MONTH": "%B",
203        "YYYY": "%Y",
204        "YY": "%y",
205        "HH": "%I",
206        "HH12": "%I",
207        "HH24": "%H",
208        "MI": "%M",
209        "SS": "%S",
210        "SSSSS": "%f",
211        "TZH": "%z",
212    }
213
214    @classmethod
215    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
216        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
217        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
218        # not they're qualified.
219        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
220            parent = expression.parent
221
222            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
223                parent = parent.parent
224
225            if (
226                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
227                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
228                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
229            ):
230                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
231
232        return expression
233
234    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
235        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
236        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
237        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
238        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
239
240        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
241
242        BYTE_STRINGS = [
243            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
244        ]
245
246        RAW_STRINGS = [
247            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
248        ]
249
250        KEYWORDS = {
251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
252            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
253            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
254            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
255            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
256            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
257            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
258            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
259            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
260            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
261            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
262            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
263            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
264        }
265        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
266
267    class Parser(parser.Parser):
268        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
269
270        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
272
273        FUNCTIONS = {
274            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
275            "DATE": _parse_date,
276            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
277            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
278            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
279                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
280                this=seq_get(args, 0),
281            ),
282            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
283            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
284            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
285            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
286            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
287            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
288            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
289                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
290            ),
291            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
292            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
293            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
294                this=seq_get(args, 0),
295                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
296                position=seq_get(args, 2),
297                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
298                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
299                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
300                else None,
301            ),
302            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
303                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
304                this=seq_get(args, 0),
305                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
306            ),
307            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
308            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
309            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
310            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
311            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
312        }
313
314        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
315            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
316            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
317        }
318        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
319
320        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
321            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
322            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
323        }
324
325        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
326            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
327            TokenType.TABLE,
328        }
329
330        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
331            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
332            TokenType.VALUES,
333        }
334
335        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
336            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
337            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
338                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
339            ),
340            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
341        }
342
343        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
344            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
345            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
346        }
347
348        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
349            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
350
351            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
352            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
353                table_name = this.name
354                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
355                    self._advance(2)
356                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
357
358                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
359
360            return this
361
362        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
363            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
364            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
365                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
366                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
367                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
368                )
369
370                if rest and this:
371                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
372
373                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
374
375            return table
376
377    class Generator(generator.Generator):
378        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
379        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
380        JOIN_HINTS = False
381        QUERY_HINTS = False
382        TABLE_HINTS = False
383        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
384        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
385        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
386
387        TRANSFORMS = {
388            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
389            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
390            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
391            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
392            exp.Create: _create_sql,
393            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
394            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
395            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
396            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
397            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
398            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
399            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
400            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
401            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
402            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
403            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
404            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
405            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
406            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
407            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
408            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
409            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
410            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
411            exp.Min: min_or_least,
412            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
413            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
414                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
415                e.this,
416                e.expression,
417                e.args.get("position"),
418                e.args.get("occurrence"),
419            ),
420            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
421            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
422            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
423            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
424                [
425                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
426                    _unqualify_unnest,
427                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
428                    _alias_ordered_group,
429                ]
430            ),
431            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
432            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
433            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
434            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
435            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
436                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
437            ),
438            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
439            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
440            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
441            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
442            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
443            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
444            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
445            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
446            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
447            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
448            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
449        }
450
451        TYPE_MAPPING = {
452            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
453            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
454            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
455            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
456            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
457            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
458            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
459            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
460            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
461            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
462            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
463            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
464            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
465            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
466            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
467            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
468            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
469            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
470            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
471            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
472            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
473        }
474
475        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
476            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
477            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
478            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
479        }
480
481        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
482        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
483            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
484            "all",
485            "and",
486            "any",
487            "array",
488            "as",
489            "asc",
490            "assert_rows_modified",
491            "at",
492            "between",
493            "by",
494            "case",
495            "cast",
496            "collate",
497            "contains",
498            "create",
499            "cross",
500            "cube",
501            "current",
502            "default",
503            "define",
504            "desc",
505            "distinct",
506            "else",
507            "end",
508            "enum",
509            "escape",
510            "except",
511            "exclude",
512            "exists",
513            "extract",
514            "false",
515            "fetch",
516            "following",
517            "for",
518            "from",
519            "full",
520            "group",
521            "grouping",
522            "groups",
523            "hash",
524            "having",
525            "if",
526            "ignore",
527            "in",
528            "inner",
529            "intersect",
530            "interval",
531            "into",
532            "is",
533            "join",
534            "lateral",
535            "left",
536            "like",
537            "limit",
538            "lookup",
539            "merge",
540            "natural",
541            "new",
542            "no",
543            "not",
544            "null",
545            "nulls",
546            "of",
547            "on",
548            "or",
549            "order",
550            "outer",
551            "over",
552            "partition",
553            "preceding",
554            "proto",
555            "qualify",
556            "range",
557            "recursive",
558            "respect",
559            "right",
560            "rollup",
561            "rows",
562            "select",
563            "set",
564            "some",
565            "struct",
566            "tablesample",
567            "then",
568            "to",
569            "treat",
570            "true",
571            "unbounded",
572            "union",
573            "unnest",
574            "using",
575            "when",
576            "where",
577            "window",
578            "with",
579            "within",
580        }
581
582        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
583            parent = expression.parent
584
585            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
586            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
587            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
588                return self.func(
589                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
590                )
591
592            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
593
594        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
595            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
596
597        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
598            if expression.alias_column_names:
599                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
600            return super().cte_sql(expression)
601
602        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
603            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
604            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
605                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
606
607            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
608
609        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
610            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
611
612        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
613            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
614
615        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
616            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
617
618        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
619            return self.sql(expression)
620
621        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
622            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
623                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
624            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
625
626        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
628                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
629            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
630
631        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
632            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E:
214    @classmethod
215    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
216        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
217        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
218        # not they're qualified.
219        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
220            parent = expression.parent
221
222            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
223                parent = parent.parent
224
225            if (
226                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
227                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
228                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
229            ):
230                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
231
232        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
234    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
235        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
236        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
237        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
238        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
239
240        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
241
242        BYTE_STRINGS = [
243            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
244        ]
245
246        RAW_STRINGS = [
247            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
248        ]
249
250        KEYWORDS = {
251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
252            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
253            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
254            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
255            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
256            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
257            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
258            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
259            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
260            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
261            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
262            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
263            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
264        }
265        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'IF': <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NEXT VALUE FOR': <TokenType.NEXT_VALUE_FOR: 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}
class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
267    class Parser(parser.Parser):
268        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
269
270        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
272
273        FUNCTIONS = {
274            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
275            "DATE": _parse_date,
276            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
277            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
278            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
279                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
280                this=seq_get(args, 0),
281            ),
282            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
283            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
284            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
285            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
286            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
287            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
288            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
289                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
290            ),
291            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
292            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
293            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
294                this=seq_get(args, 0),
295                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
296                position=seq_get(args, 2),
297                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
298                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
299                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
300                else None,
301            ),
302            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
303                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
304                this=seq_get(args, 0),
305                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
306            ),
307            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
308            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
309            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
310            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
311            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
312        }
313
314        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
315            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
316            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
317        }
318        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
319
320        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
321            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
322            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
323        }
324
325        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
326            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
327            TokenType.TABLE,
328        }
329
330        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
331            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
332            TokenType.VALUES,
333        }
334
335        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
336            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
337            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
338                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
339            ),
340            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
341        }
342
343        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
344            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
345            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
346        }
347
348        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
349            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
350
351            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
352            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
353                table_name = this.name
354                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
355                    self._advance(2)
356                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
357
358                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
359
360            return this
361
362        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
363            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
364            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
365                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
366                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
367                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
368                )
369
370                if rest and this:
371                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
372
373                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
374
375            return table

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
377    class Generator(generator.Generator):
378        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
379        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
380        JOIN_HINTS = False
381        QUERY_HINTS = False
382        TABLE_HINTS = False
383        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
384        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
385        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
386
387        TRANSFORMS = {
388            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
389            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
390            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
391            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
392            exp.Create: _create_sql,
393            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
394            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
395            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
396            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
397            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
398            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
399            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
400            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
401            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
402            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
403            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
404            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
405            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
406            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
407            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
408            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
409            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
410            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
411            exp.Min: min_or_least,
412            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
413            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
414                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
415                e.this,
416                e.expression,
417                e.args.get("position"),
418                e.args.get("occurrence"),
419            ),
420            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
421            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
422            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
423            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
424                [
425                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
426                    _unqualify_unnest,
427                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
428                    _alias_ordered_group,
429                ]
430            ),
431            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
432            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
433            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
434            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
435            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
436                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
437            ),
438            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
439            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
440            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
441            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
442            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
443            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
444            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
445            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
446            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
447            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
448            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
449        }
450
451        TYPE_MAPPING = {
452            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
453            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
454            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
455            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
456            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
457            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
458            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
459            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
460            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
461            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
462            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
463            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
464            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
465            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
466            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
467            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
468            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
469            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
470            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
471            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
472            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
473        }
474
475        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
476            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
477            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
478            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
479        }
480
481        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
482        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
483            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
484            "all",
485            "and",
486            "any",
487            "array",
488            "as",
489            "asc",
490            "assert_rows_modified",
491            "at",
492            "between",
493            "by",
494            "case",
495            "cast",
496            "collate",
497            "contains",
498            "create",
499            "cross",
500            "cube",
501            "current",
502            "default",
503            "define",
504            "desc",
505            "distinct",
506            "else",
507            "end",
508            "enum",
509            "escape",
510            "except",
511            "exclude",
512            "exists",
513            "extract",
514            "false",
515            "fetch",
516            "following",
517            "for",
518            "from",
519            "full",
520            "group",
521            "grouping",
522            "groups",
523            "hash",
524            "having",
525            "if",
526            "ignore",
527            "in",
528            "inner",
529            "intersect",
530            "interval",
531            "into",
532            "is",
533            "join",
534            "lateral",
535            "left",
536            "like",
537            "limit",
538            "lookup",
539            "merge",
540            "natural",
541            "new",
542            "no",
543            "not",
544            "null",
545            "nulls",
546            "of",
547            "on",
548            "or",
549            "order",
550            "outer",
551            "over",
552            "partition",
553            "preceding",
554            "proto",
555            "qualify",
556            "range",
557            "recursive",
558            "respect",
559            "right",
560            "rollup",
561            "rows",
562            "select",
563            "set",
564            "some",
565            "struct",
566            "tablesample",
567            "then",
568            "to",
569            "treat",
570            "true",
571            "unbounded",
572            "union",
573            "unnest",
574            "using",
575            "when",
576            "where",
577            "window",
578            "with",
579            "within",
580        }
581
582        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
583            parent = expression.parent
584
585            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
586            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
587            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
588                return self.func(
589                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
590                )
591
592            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
593
594        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
595            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
596
597        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
598            if expression.alias_column_names:
599                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
600            return super().cte_sql(expression)
601
602        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
603            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
604            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
605                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
606
607            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
608
609        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
610            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
611
612        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
613            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
614
615        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
616            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
617
618        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
619            return self.sql(expression)
620
621        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
622            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
623                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
624            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
625
626        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
628                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
629            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
630
631        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
632            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'outer', 'order', 'asc', 'all', 'set', 'and', 'true', 'fetch', 'or', 'nulls', 'cube', 'null', 'using', 'limit', 'join', 'between', 'full', 'of', 'default', 'end', 'on', 'select', 'respect', 'preceding', 'over', 'from', 'having', 'escape', 'case', 'some', 'at', 'for', 'right', 'as', 'in', 'when', 'hash', 'tablesample', 'new', 'exists', 'except', 'left', 'exclude', 'groups', 'lookup', 'is', 'with', 'rollup', 'false', 'proto', 'range', 'create', 'grouping', 'group', 'no', 'lateral', 'by', 'interval', 'following', 'treat', 'unnest', 'else', 'define', 'into', 'assert_rows_modified', 'array', 'distinct', 'any', 'intersect', 'within', 'not', 'to', 'natural', 'partition', 'struct', 'extract', 'union', 'desc', 'recursive', 'ignore', 'enum', 'unbounded', 'rows', 'merge', 'collate', 'cross', 'contains', 'current', 'where', 'if', 'window', 'inner', 'like', 'then', 'cast', 'qualify'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str:
582        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
583            parent = expression.parent
584
585            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
586            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
587            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
588                return self.func(
589                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
590                )
591
592            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
594        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
595            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str:
597        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
598            if expression.alias_column_names:
599                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
600            return super().cte_sql(expression)
def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str:
602        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
603            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
604            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
605                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
606
607            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
609        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
610            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
612        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
613            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
615        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
616            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
618        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
619            return self.sql(expression)
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
621        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
622            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
623                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
624            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
626        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
628                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
629            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
631        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
632            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
246    @classmethod
247    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
248        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
249
250        Args:
251            text: The text to check.
252            identify:
253                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
254                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
255
256        Returns:
257            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
258        """
259        if identify is True or identify == "always":
260            return True
261
262        if identify == "safe":
263            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
264
265        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

Arguments:
  • text: The text to check.
  • identify: "always" or True: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
Returns:

Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
STRING_ESCAPE = '\\'
IDENTIFIER_ESCAPE = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
SELECT_KINDS
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
INDEX_OFFSET
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
NULL_ORDERING
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
column_sql
columnposition_sql
columndef_sql
columnconstraint_sql
autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
compresscolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
createable_sql
create_sql
clone_sql
describe_sql
prepend_ctes
with_sql
tablealias_sql
bitstring_sql
hexstring_sql
bytestring_sql
rawstring_sql
datatypesize_sql
datatype_sql
directory_sql
delete_sql
drop_sql
except_sql
fetch_sql
filter_sql
hint_sql
index_sql
identifier_sql
inputoutputformat_sql
national_sql
partition_sql
properties_sql
root_properties
properties
locate_properties
property_sql
likeproperty_sql
fallbackproperty_sql
journalproperty_sql
freespaceproperty_sql
checksumproperty_sql
mergeblockratioproperty_sql
datablocksizeproperty_sql
blockcompressionproperty_sql
isolatedloadingproperty_sql
lockingproperty_sql
withdataproperty_sql
insert_sql
intersect_sql
introducer_sql
pseudotype_sql
onconflict_sql
returning_sql
rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
withtablehint_sql
indextablehint_sql
table_sql
tablesample_sql
pivot_sql
tuple_sql
update_sql
values_sql
var_sql
into_sql
from_sql
group_sql
having_sql
join_sql
lambda_sql
lateral_sql
limit_sql
offset_sql
setitem_sql
set_sql
pragma_sql
lock_sql
literal_sql
escape_str
loaddata_sql
null_sql
boolean_sql
order_sql
cluster_sql
distribute_sql
sort_sql
ordered_sql
matchrecognize_sql
query_modifiers
offset_limit_modifiers
after_having_modifiers
after_limit_modifiers
select_sql
schema_sql
schema_columns_sql
star_sql
parameter_sql
sessionparameter_sql
placeholder_sql
subquery_sql
qualify_sql
union_sql
union_op
unnest_sql
where_sql
window_sql
partition_by_sql
windowspec_sql
withingroup_sql
between_sql
bracket_sql
safebracket_sql
all_sql
any_sql
exists_sql
case_sql
constraint_sql
nextvaluefor_sql
extract_sql
trim_sql
safeconcat_sql
check_sql
foreignkey_sql
primarykey_sql
if_sql
matchagainst_sql
jsonkeyvalue_sql
jsonobject_sql
openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
interval_sql
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
aliases_sql
add_sql
and_sql
xor_sql
connector_sql
bitwiseand_sql
bitwiseleftshift_sql
bitwisenot_sql
bitwiseor_sql
bitwiserightshift_sql
bitwisexor_sql
cast_sql
currentdate_sql
collate_sql
command_sql
comment_sql
mergetreettlaction_sql
mergetreettl_sql
altercolumn_sql
renametable_sql
altertable_sql
droppartition_sql
addconstraint_sql
distinct_sql
ignorenulls_sql
respectnulls_sql
intdiv_sql
dpipe_sql
safedpipe_sql
div_sql
overlaps_sql
distance_sql
dot_sql
eq_sql
escape_sql
glob_sql
gt_sql
gte_sql
ilike_sql
ilikeany_sql
is_sql
like_sql
likeany_sql
similarto_sql
lt_sql
lte_sql
mod_sql
mul_sql
neq_sql
nullsafeeq_sql
nullsafeneq_sql
or_sql
slice_sql
sub_sql
use_sql
binary
function_fallback_sql
func
format_args
text_width
format_time
expressions
op_expressions
naked_property
set_operation
tag_sql
token_sql
userdefinedfunction_sql
joinhint_sql
kwarg_sql
when_sql
merge_sql
tochar_sql
dictproperty_sql
dictrange_sql
dictsubproperty_sql
oncluster_sql
clusteredbyproperty_sql
anyvalue_sql