wifi: prevent A-MSDU attacks in mesh networks

vanhoefm · gregkh · commit e2c8a3c0388a · 2025-07-17T18:32:08.000+02:00
commit 737bb91 upstream. This patch is a mitigation to prevent the A-MSDU spoofing vulnerability for mesh networks. The initial update to the IEEE 802.11 standard, in response to the FragAttacks, missed this case (CVE-2025-27558). It can be considered a variant of CVE-2020-24588 but for mesh networks. This patch tries to detect if a standard MSDU was turned into an A-MSDU by an adversary. This is done by parsing a received A-MSDU as a standard MSDU, calculating the length of the Mesh Control header, and seeing if the 6 bytes after this header equal the start of an rfc1042 header. If equal, this is a strong indication of an ongoing attack attempt. This defense was tested with mac80211_hwsim against a mesh network that uses an empty Mesh Address Extension field, i.e., when four addresses are used, and when using a 12-byte Mesh Address Extension field, i.e., when six addresses are used. Functionality of normal MSDUs and A-MSDUs was also tested, and confirmed working, when using both an empty and 12-byte Mesh Address Extension field. It was also tested with mac80211_hwsim that A-MSDU attacks in non-mesh networks keep being detected and prevented. Note that the vulnerability being patched, and the defense being implemented, was also discussed in the following paper and in the following IEEE 802.11 presentation: https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2025.pdf https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/25/11-25-0949-00-000m-a-msdu-mesh-spoof-protection.docx Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mathy Vanhoef <Mathy.Vanhoef@kuleuven.be> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250616004635.224344-1-Mathy.Vanhoef@kuleuven.be Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
diff --git a/net/wireless/util.c b/net/wireless/util.c
@@ -813,6 +813,52 @@ bool ieee80211_is_valid_amsdu(struct sk_buff *skb, bool mesh_hdr)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ieee80211_is_valid_amsdu);
 
+
+/*
+ * Detects if an MSDU frame was maliciously converted into an A-MSDU
+ * frame by an adversary. This is done by parsing the received frame
+ * as if it were a regular MSDU, even though the A-MSDU flag is set.
+ *
+ * For non-mesh interfaces, detection involves checking whether the
+ * payload, when interpreted as an MSDU, begins with a valid RFC1042
+ * header. This is done by comparing the A-MSDU subheader's destination
+ * address to the start of the RFC1042 header.
+ *
+ * For mesh interfaces, the MSDU includes a 6-byte Mesh Control field
+ * and an optional variable-length Mesh Address Extension field before
+ * the RFC1042 header. The position of the RFC1042 header must therefore
+ * be calculated based on the mesh header length.
+ *
+ * Since this function intentionally parses an A-MSDU frame as an MSDU,
+ * it only assumes that the A-MSDU subframe header is present, and
+ * beyond this it performs its own bounds checks under the assumption
+ * that the frame is instead parsed as a non-aggregated MSDU.
+ */
+static bool
+is_amsdu_aggregation_attack(struct ethhdr *eth, struct sk_buff *skb,
+			    enum nl80211_iftype iftype)
+{
+	int offset;
+
+	/* Non-mesh case can be directly compared */
+	if (iftype != NL80211_IFTYPE_MESH_POINT)
+		return ether_addr_equal(eth->h_dest, rfc1042_header);
+
+	offset = __ieee80211_get_mesh_hdrlen(eth->h_dest[0]);
+	if (offset == 6) {
+		/* Mesh case with empty address extension field */
+		return ether_addr_equal(eth->h_source, rfc1042_header);
+	} else if (offset + ETH_ALEN <= skb->len) {
+		/* Mesh case with non-empty address extension field */
+		u8 temp[ETH_ALEN];
+
+		skb_copy_bits(skb, offset, temp, ETH_ALEN);
+		return ether_addr_equal(temp, rfc1042_header);
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
 void ieee80211_amsdu_to_8023s(struct sk_buff *skb, struct sk_buff_head *list,
 			      const u8 *addr, enum nl80211_iftype iftype,
 			      const unsigned int extra_headroom,
@@ -857,8 +903,10 @@ void ieee80211_amsdu_to_8023s(struct sk_buff *skb, struct sk_buff_head *list,
 		/* the last MSDU has no padding */
 		if (subframe_len > remaining)
 			goto purge;
-		/* mitigate A-MSDU aggregation injection attacks */
-		if (ether_addr_equal(hdr.eth.h_dest, rfc1042_header))
+		/* mitigate A-MSDU aggregation injection attacks, to be
+		 * checked when processing first subframe (offset == 0).
+		 */
+		if (offset == 0 && is_amsdu_aggregation_attack(&hdr.eth, skb, iftype))
 			goto purge;
 
 		offset += sizeof(struct ethhdr);
