The following code is a sample to quickly demonstrate some features of gdspy. Please take a look at the full documentation for further information.
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########################################################################
## ##
## Copyright 2009-2012 Lucas Heitzmann Gabrielli ##
## ##
## This file is part of gdspy. ##
## ##
## gdspy is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it ##
## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published ##
## by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the ##
## License, or any later version. ##
## ##
## gdspy is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but ##
## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ##
## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ##
## GNU General Public License for more details. ##
## ##
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public ##
## License along with gdspy. If not, see ##
## <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. ##
## ##
########################################################################
import os
import numpy
import gdspy
print('Using gdspy module version ' + gdspy.__version__)
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## POLYGONS ##
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## First we need a cell to add the polygons to.
poly_cell = gdspy.Cell('POLYGONS')
## We define the polygon through its vertices.
points = [(0, 0), (2, 2), (2, 6), (-6, 6), (-6, -6), (-4, -4), (-4, 4),
(0, 4)]
## Create the polygon on layer 1.
poly1 = gdspy.Polygon(1, points)
## Add the new polygon to the cell.
poly_cell.add(poly1)
## Create another polygon from the same set of points, but rotate it
## 180 degrees and add it to the cell.
poly2 = gdspy.Polygon(1, points).rotate(numpy.pi)
poly_cell.add(poly2)
## To create rectangles we don't need to give the 4 corners, only 2.
## Note that we don't need to create a variable if we are not going to
## use it, just add the rectangle directly to the cell. Create a
## rectangle in layer 2.
poly_cell.add(gdspy.Rectangle(2, (18, 1), (22, 2)))
## There are no circles in the GDSII specification, so rounded shapes
## are actually many-sided polygons. Create a circle in layer 2,
## centered at (27, 2), and with radius 2.
poly_cell.add(gdspy.Round(2, (27, 2), 2))
## The Round class is quite versatile: it provides circles, pie slices,
## rings and ring sections, like this one in layer 2.
poly_cell.add(gdspy.Round(2, (23.5, 7), 15, inner_radius=14,
initial_angle=-2.0 * numpy.pi / 3.0,
final_angle=-numpy.pi / 3.0))
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## PATHS ##
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
path_cell = gdspy.Cell('PATHS')
## Start a path from the origin with width 1.
path1 = gdspy.Path(1, (0, 0))
## Add a straight segment to the path in layer 1, with length 3, going
## in the '+x' direction.
path1.segment(1, 3, '+x')
## Add a curve to the path by specifying its radius as 2 and its initial
## and final angles.
path1.arc(1, 2, -numpy.pi / 2.0, numpy.pi / 6.0)
## Add another segment to the path in layer 1, with length 4 and
## pointing in the direction defined by the last piece we added above.
path1.segment(1, 4)
## Add a curve using the turn command. We specify the radius 2 and
## turning angle. The agnle can also be specified with 'l' and 'r' for
## left and right turns of 90 degrees, or 'll' and 'rr' for 180 degrees.
path1.turn(1, 2, -2.0 * numpy.pi / 3.0)
## Final piece of the path. Add a straight segment and tapper the path
## width from the original 1 to 0.5.
path1.segment(1, 3, final_width=0.5)
path_cell.add(path1)
## We can also create parallel paths simultaneously. Start 2 paths with
## width 0.5 each,nd pitch 1, originating where our last path ended.
path2 = gdspy.Path(0.5, (path1.x, path1.y), number_of_paths=2,
distance=1)
## Add a straight segment to the paths gradually increasing their
## distance to 1.5, in the direction in which the last path ended.
path2.segment(2, 3, path1.direction, final_distance=1.5)
## Path commands can be concatenated. Add a turn and a tapper segment
## in one expression, followed by a final turn.
path2.turn(2, 2, -2.0 * numpy.pi / 3.0).segment(2, 4, final_distance=1)
path2.turn(2, 4, numpy.pi / 6.0)
path_cell.add(path2)
## Create another single path 0.5 wide, starting where the path above
## ended, and add to it a line segment in the 3rd layer in the '-y'
## direction.
path3 = gdspy.Path(0.5, (path2.x, path2.y))
path3.segment(3, 1, '-y')
## We can create paths based on parametric curves. First we need to
## define the curve function, with 1 argument. This argument will vary
## from 0 to 1 and the return value should be the (x, y) coordinates of
## the path. This could be a lambda-expression if the function is
## simple enough. We will create a spiral path. Note that the function
## returns (0, 0) when t=0, so that our path is connected.
def spiral(t):
r = 4 - 3 * t
theta = 5 * t * numpy.pi
x = 4 - r * numpy.cos(theta)
y = -r * numpy.sin(theta)
return (x, y)
## We can also create the derivative of the curve to pass to out path
## path member, otherwise it will be numerically calculated. In the
## spiral case we don't want the exact derivative, but the derivative of
## the spiral as if its radius was constant. This will ensure that our
## path is connected at the start (geometric problem of this kind of
## spiral).
def dspiral_dt(t):
theta = 5 * t * numpy.pi
dx_dt = numpy.sin(theta)
dy_dt = -numpy.cos(theta)
return (dx_dt, dy_dt)
## Add the parametric spiral to the path in layer 3. Note that we can
## still tapper the width. To make the curve smoother, we increase the
## number of evaluations of the function (fracture will be performed
## automatically to ensure polygons with less than 200 points).
path3.parametric(3, spiral, dspiral_dt, final_width=0,
number_of_evaluations=500)
path_cell.add(path3)
## Polygonal paths are defined by the points they pass through. The
## width of the path can be given as a number, representing the path
## width along is whole extension, or as a list, where each element is
## the width of the path at one point. Our path will have width 0.5 in
## all points, except the last, where it will tapper up to 1.5. More
## than 1 path can be defined in parallel as well (useful for buses).
## The distance between the paths work the same way as the width: it's
## either a constant number, or a list. We create 5 parallel paths that
## are larger and further apart on the last point. The paths are put in
## layers 4 and 5. Since we have 5 paths, the list of layers will be
## run more than once, so the 5 paths will actually be in layers 4, 5, 4,
## 5, and 4.
points = [(20, 12), (24, 8), (24, 4), (24, -2)]
widths = [0.5] * (len(points) - 1) + [1.5]
distances = [0.8] * (len(points) - 1) + [2.4]
polypath = gdspy.PolyPath([4, 5], points, widths, number_of_paths=5,
distance=distances)
## We can round the corners of any Polygon or PolygonSet with the fillet
## method. Here we use a radius of 0.2.
polypath.fillet(0.2)
path_cell.add(polypath)
## L1Paths use only segments in 'x' and 'y' directions, useful for some
## lithography mask writers. We specify a path composed of 16 segments
## of length 4. The turns after each segment can be either 90 degrees
## CCW (positive) or CW (negative). The absolute value of the turns
## produces a scaling of the path width and distance between paths in
## segments immediately after the turn.
lengths = [4] * 16
turns = [-1, -1, 1, 1] * 3 + [-1, -2, 1, 0.5]
l1path = gdspy.L1Path(6, (-1, -11), '+y', 0.5, lengths, turns,
number_of_paths=3, distance=0.7)
path_cell.add(l1path)
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## BOOLEAN OPERATIONS ##
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## Boolean operations can be executed with polygons (either gdspy
## objects or point lists). The operands are given as a list. In this
## example we will have 2 operands which will be 2 PolygonSet objects.
bool_cell = gdspy.Cell('BOOLEAN')
primitives = []
## Both operands are a path with a ring inside, but with different
## widths. This is how we create them.
for width in [2, 8]:
## Closed path in a square shape with rounded corners. Boolean
## operations become slower with the number of points involved, so
## it's important to keep these to a minimum.
bool_path = gdspy.Path(width, (0, 10))
bool_path.segment(0, 30, '+y')
bool_path.turn(0, 10, 'r', number_of_points=64)
bool_path.segment(0, 30, '+x')
bool_path.turn(0, 10, 'r', number_of_points=64)
bool_path.segment(0, 30, '-y')
bool_path.turn(0, 10, 'r', number_of_points=64)
bool_path.segment(0, 30, '-x')
bool_path.turn(0, 10, 'r', number_of_points=64)
## Ring inside the square path.
ring = gdspy.Round(0, (25, 25), 25 + width * 0.5,
inner_radius=25 - width * 0.5,
number_of_points=256)
## We create a PolygonSet that contains both our path segments and
## ring, and then append it to our list of operands.
primitives.append(gdspy.PolygonSet(0, bool_path.polygons +
ring.polygons))
## The list of operands contains 2 polygon sets. We will subtract the
## 1st (narrower) from the 2nd (wider). For that we need to define a
## function that receives 2 integers (each representing an operand) and
## returns the operation we want executed. Here we use a lambda
## expression to do so.
subtraction = lambda p1, p2: p2 and not p1
## We perform the operation, put the resulting polygons in layer 1, and
## add to our boolean cell.
bool_cell.add(gdspy.boolean(1, primitives, subtraction, max_points=199))
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## SLICING POLYGONS ##
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## If there is the need to cut a polygon or set of polygons, it's better
## to use the slice function than set up a boolean operation, since it
## runs much faster. Slices are multiple cuts perpendicular to an axis.
slice_cell = gdspy.Cell('SLICE')
original = gdspy.Round(1, (0, 0), 10, inner_radius = 5)
## Slice the original ring along x = -7 and x = 7.
result = gdspy.slice(1, original, [-7, 7], 0)
## The result is a tuple of polygon sets, one for each slice. To keep
## add the region betwen our 2 cuts, we chose result[1].
slice_cell.add(result[1])
## If the cut needs to be at an angle we can rotate the geometry, slice
## it, and rotate back.
original = gdspy.PolyPath(2, [(12, 0), (12, 8), (28, 8), (28, -8),
(12, -8), (12, 0)], 1, 3, 2)
original.rotate(numpy.pi / 3, center=(20, 0))
result = gdspy.slice(2, original, 7, 1)
result[0].rotate(-numpy.pi / 3, center=(20, 0))
slice_cell.add(result[0])
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## REFERENCES AND TEXT ##
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## Cells can contain references to other cells.
ref_cell = gdspy.Cell('REFS')
ref_cell.add(gdspy.CellReference(poly_cell, (0, 30), x_reflection=True))
ref_cell.add(gdspy.CellReference(poly_cell, (25, 0), rotation=180))
## References can be whole arrays. Add an array of the boolean cell
## with 2 lines and 3 columns and 1st element at (50, -15).
ref_cell.add(gdspy.CellArray('BOOLEAN', 3, 2, (35, 35) ,(50, -15),
magnification=0.5))
## Text are also sets of polygons. They have edges parallel to 'x' and
## 'y' only.
ref_cell.add(gdspy.Text(6, 'Created with gsdpy ' + gdspy.__version__,
7, (-7, -35)))
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## OUTPUT ##
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## Create the full file name to save the GDSII layout.
name = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.sys.argv[0])) + os.sep +\
'gdspy-sample'
## Output the layout to a GDSII file (default to all created cells).
## Set the units we used to micrometers and the precision to nanometers.
gdspy.gds_print(name + '.gds', unit=1.0e-6, precision=1.0e-9)
print('Sample gds file saved: ' + name + '.gds')
## Save an image of the boolean cell in a png file. Resolution refers
## to the number of pixels per unit in the layout.
gdspy.gds_image([bool_cell], image_name=name, resolution=4,
antialias=4)
print('Image of the boolean cell saved: ' + name + '.png')
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## IMPORT ##
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## Import the file we just created, and extract the cell 'POLYGONS'. To
## avoid naming conflict, we will rename all cells.
gdsii = gdspy.GdsImport(name + '.gds',
rename={'POLYGONS':'IMPORT_POLY',
'PATHS': 'IMPORT_PATHS',
'BOOLEAN': 'IMPORT_BOOL',
'SLICE': 'IMPORT_SLICE',
'REFS': 'IMPORT_REFS'},
layers={1:7,2:8,3:9})
## Now we extract the cells we want to actually include in our current
## structure. Note that the referenced cells will be automatically
## extracted as well.
gdsii.extract('IMPORT_REFS')
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## VIEWER ##
## ------------------------------------------------------------------ ##
## View the layout using a GUI. Full description of the controls can
## be found in the online help at http://gdspy.sourceforge.net/
gdspy.LayoutViewer()
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