Reliability
Notes

 Output Created                               05-AUG-2026 12:35:11              
 Comments                                                                       
 Input         Data                           D:\opencode\spss-studio-mcp\examp 
                                              les\data\survey_study.sav         
               Filter                         <none>                            
               Weight                         <none>                            
               Split File                     <none>                            
               N of Rows in Working Data File 200                               
               Matrix Input                   D:\opencode\spss-studio-mcp\examp 
                                              les\data\survey_study.sav         
 Missing Value Definition of Missing          User-defined missing values are   
 Handling                                     treated as missing.               
               Cases Used                     Statistics are based on all cases 
                                              with valid data for all variables 
                                              in the procedure.                 
 Syntax                                       RELIABILITY /VARIABLES=q1 q2 q3   
                                              q4 /SCALE('cog') ALL /MODEL=ALPHA 
                                              /SUMMARY=TOTAL.                   
                                                                                
 Resources     Processor Time                 00:00:00.00                       
               Elapsed Time                   00:00:00.00                       

Scale: cog
Case Processing Summary

                   N   %     
 Cases Valid       200 100.0 
       Excluded(a) 0   .0    
       Total       200 100.0 
a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.

Reliability Statistics

 Cronbach's Alpha(a) N of Items 
 -.156               4          
a The value is negative due to a negative average covariance among items. This violates reliability model assumptions. You may want to check item codings.

Item-Total Statistics

                      Scale Mean if Item   Scale Variance if    Corrected Item-Total Cronbach's Alpha if  
                      Deleted              Item Deleted         Correlation          Item Deleted         
 学习投入题项 1 9.0700               2.065                .036                 -.332(a)             
 学习投入题项 2 9.1600               2.527                -.081                -.079(a)             
 学习投入题项 3 9.1800               2.490                -.111                -.014(a)             
 学习投入题项 4 9.4900               2.472                -.088                -.063(a)             
a The value is negative due to a negative average covariance among items. This violates reliability model assumptions. You may want to check item codings.

