Coverage for pyrdnap / rd0.py: 98%

190 statements  

« prev     ^ index     » next       coverage.py v7.14.0, created at 2026-06-06 16:53 -0400

1 

2# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 

3 

4u'''(INTERNAL) RijksDriehoeksmeting C{_RD} and reference C{_RD0} 

5constants and classes C{RDNAP7Tuple} and C{LqRD}. 

6''' 

7# make sure int/int division yields float quotient, see .basics 

8from __future__ import division as _; del _ # noqa: E702 ; 

9 

10from pyrdnap.v_grids import _v_assert 

11from pyrdnap.__pygeodesy import (_0_0, _0_5, _1_0, _2_0, # PYCHOK used! 

12 _isNAN, _isNAN0, _xinstanceof, _xsubclassof, 

13 _LLEB, _xkwds, 

14 _COMMASPACE_, _datum_, _lat_, _lon_, _height_, 

15 _ALL_OTHER, _FOR_DOCS, _Pass, _NamedTuple) 

16from pygeodesy import (NAN, NN, map1, map2, # basics, "consterns" 

17 Datum, Datums, Similarity, # datums 

18 Bounds4Tuple, LatLon2Tuple, PhiLam2Tuple, # namedTuples 

19 Vector2Tuple, Vector3Tuple, LqRD as _LqRD, # ltp 

20 Property_RO, property_ROnce, # props 

21 pairs, # streprs 

22 Height, Lamd, Lat, Lon, Meter, Phi, Phid, # units 

23 sincos2, tanPI_2_2) # utily 

24 

25from math import atan2, ceil, fabs, floor, log, sin, sqrt 

26 

27__all__ = () 

28__version__ = '26.06.06' 

29 

30_LQRD = _LqRD() # get Amersfoort, bounds, etc. (deleted below) 

31 

32 

33def _c_f_N_f3(*deg_SW_D): 

34 # return int(ceil) and int(floor) of Normalized 

35 # and (Normalized less floor) of C{deg} degrees 

36 N = _degN(*deg_SW_D) 

37 # assert N >= 0, N 

38 f = floor(N) 

39 return int(ceil(N)), int(f), (N - f) 

40 

41 

42def _degN(deg, degSW, deg_D): 

43 # return C{deg} Normalized 

44 return (deg - degSW) * deg_D 

45 

46 

47class _RDbase(object): 

48 '''(INTERNAL) Base. 

49 ''' 

50 def _preDict(self, _pred, **d): 

51 # return updated dict C{d} 

52 for n in self.__class__.__dict__.keys(): 

53 if _pred(n): 

54 d[n] = getattr(self, n) 

55 return d 

56 

57 def toStr(self, prec=9, **fmt_ints): 

58 # return this C{_RDx} as string 

59 d = self._toDict() # PYCHOK OK 

60 t = pairs(d, prec=prec, **fmt_ints) 

61 return _COMMASPACE_(*t) 

62 

63 

64class _RD(_RDbase): 

65 '''(INTERNAL) Bounds, constants for RDNAP2018 (ASCII.txt). 

66 ''' 

67 lat_D = Lat(lat_D=80.0) # == 1 / 0.0125 # degrees, all 

68 lon_D = Lon(lon_D=50.0) # == 1 / 0.02 

69 

70 def __init__(self): 

71 S, W, N, E = self.region 

72 nlat = _degN(N, S, self.lat_D) + _1_0 # 2.3.2g n-phi 

73 nlon = _degN(E, W, self.lon_D) + _1_0 # 2.3.2g n-lambda 

74 _v_assert(map1(int, nlat, nlon)) 

75 

76 def _c_f_N_f6(self, lat, lon): 

77 # return (int(ceil), int(floor), Normalized less floor) of C{lat}) + \ 

78 # (int(ceil), int(floor), Normalized less floor) of C{lon}) 

79 return _c_f_N_f3(lat, self.region.latS, self.lat_D) + \ 

80 _c_f_N_f3(lon, self.region.lonW, self.lon_D) 

81 

82 def isinside(self, lat, lon, eps=0, B=False): # eps=_TOL_D, 0 or -_TOLD_D 

83 # is C{(lat, lon)} inside the this C{RD} region[B], optionally 

84 # over-/undersized by positive respectively negative C{eps}? 

85 S, W, N, E = self.regionB if B else self.region 

86 # XXX use "< N" and "< E" instead of "<="? 

87 return ((S - lat) <= eps and (lat - N) <= eps and 

88 (W - lon) <= eps and (lon - E) <= eps) if eps else \ 

89 (S <= lat <= N and W <= lon <= E) 

90 

91 region = _LQRD.region # as GRS80 L{Bounds4Tuple} 

92 

93 @property_ROnce 

94 def regionB(self): # as Bessel1841 L{Bounds4Tuple} 

95 from pyrdnap.rdnap2018 import _RDNAPbase as _R 

96 return _R().regionB 

97 

98 def _toDict(self): 

99 def _p(n): # lambda 

100 return n.endswith('D') or n.endswith('S') 

101 

102 return self._preDict(_p, region=self.region, regionB=self.regionB) 

103 

104 @property_ROnce 

105 def _xETRS2RD(self): # transform ETRS (GRS80) to RD-Bessel 

106 return Similarity(tx=-565.7346, ty=-50.4058, tz=-465.2895, s=-4.07242, 

107 rx=-1.91513, ry=1.60365, rz=-9.09546, name='_xETRS2RD') 

108 

109 @property_ROnce 

110 def _xRD2ETRS(self): # transform RD-Bessel to ETRS (GRS80) 

111 return Similarity(tx=565.7381, ty=50.4018, tz=465.2904, s=4.07244, 

112 rx=1.91514, ry=-1.60363, rz=9.09546, name='_xRD2ETRS') 

113 

114 # % python -c "import pyrdnap; print(pyrdnap.rd0._RD.toStr())" 

115 # _xETRS2RD=Similarity(name='_xETRS2RD', tx=-565.73, ty=-50.406, tz=-465.29, s=-4.0724, 

116 # rx=-1.9151, ry=1.6037, rz=-9.0955), 

117 # _xRD2ETRS=Similarity(name='_xRD2ETRS', tx=565.74, ty=50.402, tz=465.29, s=4.0724, 

118 # rx=1.9151, ry=-1.6036, rz=9.0955), 

119 # lat_D=80.0, lon_D=50.0, 

120 # region=RD region (latS=50.0, lonW=2.0, latN=56.0, lonE=8.0), 

121 # regionB=RD regionB (latS=50.000724, lonW=1.999968, latN=56.001439, lonE=8.000842) 

122 

123_RD = _RD() # PYCHOK singleton, in .test/testRndTrips 

124 

125 

126class _RD0(_RDbase): 

127 '''(INTERNAL) C{RD} Amersfoort, NL / C{RD New} constants for RDNAP2018 (ASCII.txt). 

128 

129 @see: U{EPSG:9809<https://EPSG.io/9809-method>}, U{"Oblique Stereographic" 

130 <https://PROJ.org/en/stable/operations/projections/sterea.html>} and 

131 <http://geotiff.maptools.org/proj_list/oblique_stereographic.html> 

132 ''' 

133 H0 = Meter(H0 =_LQRD.height0) # Amersfoort.height0 0.0 m 

134 H0_ETRS = Meter(H0_ETRS=_LQRD.height0_ETRS) # 43.0 m 

135 K0 = 0.9999079 # 2.4.1 scale factor 

136 LAT0 = Lat(LAT0=_LQRD.Amersfoort.lat) # '52 9 22.178N' == 52.156160555555+° 

137 LON0 = Lon(LON0=_LQRD.Amersfoort.lon) # ' 5 23 15.5E' == 5.387638888888+° 

138 LAM0C = \ 

139 LAM0 = Lamd(LAM0=LON0) # 𝜆0, 𝛬0 = 𝜆0 on sphere 0.094032038 

140 PHI0 = Phid(PHI0=LAT0) # 𝜑0 0.910296727, PHI0C 𝛷0 set below 

141 X0 = Meter(X0=155000.0) # false Easting 155029.784? 

142 Y0 = Meter(Y0=463000.0) # false Norting 463109.889? 

143 

144# @property_ROnce 

145# def C0(self): # c, sphere 

146# s, _ = self.sincos2PHI0 

147# w = self._w1(s) 

148# c = (w - _1_0) / (w + _1_0) 

149# return (((self.N0 + s) * (_1_0 - c)) / 

150# ((self.N0 - s) * (_1_0 + c))) 

151 

152# def chilam(self, lat, lon): # EPSG:9809 

153# # return 2-tuple (chi, lam), conformal in radians 

154# s, _ = sincos2d(lat) 

155# w2 = self._w1(s) * self.C0 

156# s = (w2 - _1_0) / (w2 + _1_0) 

157# r = radians(lon - self.LON0) * self.N0 

158# return asin(s), r 

159 

160 @property_ROnce 

161 def D0(self): # lazily 

162 return Datums.Bessel1841 

163 

164 @property_ROnce 

165 def D80(self): # lazily 

166 return Datums.GRS80 

167 

168 @property_ROnce 

169 def E0(self): # lazily 

170 return self.D0.ellipsoid 

171 

172 def log_e_2(self, phi): 

173 e = self.E0.e 

174 p = e * sin(phi) 

175 return log((_1_0 + p) / (_1_0 - p)) * (e * _0_5) 

176 

177 def log_tan(self, phi): 

178 return log(tanPI_2_2(phi)) # tan((phi + PI/2) / 2) 

179 

180 @property_ROnce 

181 def M0(self): # 2.4.1 p 15 m 

182 return self.W0 - self.N0 * self.Q0 

183 

184 @property_ROnce 

185 def N0(self): # 2.4.1 p 15 n, sphere 

186 E = self.E0 

187 _, c = self.sincos2PHI0 

188 return sqrt(c**4 * E.e2 / E.e21 + _1_0) 

189 

190 @property_ROnce 

191 def PHI0C(self): # 2.4.1 p 15 𝛷0 

192 # get 𝛷0, Amersfoort latitude on sphere 

193 m, n = self.Rmn2 

194 s, c = self.sincos2PHI0 

195 return Phi(PHI0C=atan2(m * s, n * c)) # atan((m / n) * tan(PHI0)) 

196 

197 @property_ROnce 

198 def Q0(self): # 2.4.1 p 15 q0 

199 return self.log_tan(self.PHI0) - self.log_e_2(self.PHI0) 

200 

201 @property_ROnce 

202 def R(self): # 2.4.1 p 15 R, radius conformal sphere 

203 m, n = self.Rmn2 

204 return m * n 

205 

206 @property_ROnce 

207 def RK2(self): # 2.4.2 

208 return self.R * self.K0 * _2_0 

209 

210 @property_ROnce 

211 def Rmn2(self): # 2.4.1 p 15 sqrt(RsubM), sqrt(RsubN) 

212 # get 2-tuple (RHO0, NU0) EPSG:9809 

213 E = self.E0 

214 s, _ = self.sincos2PHI0 

215 s = _1_0 - s**2 * E.e2 

216 # assert s > 0 

217 N = E.a / sqrt(s) 

218 # assert N > 0 

219 M = E.e21 * N / s 

220 # assert M > 0 

221 return map1(sqrt, M, N) # sqrt! 

222 

223 @property_ROnce 

224 def sincos2PHI0(self): # 𝜑0 

225 return sincos2(self.PHI0) 

226 

227 @property_ROnce 

228 def sincos2PHI0C(self): # 𝛷0 

229 return sincos2(self.PHI0C) 

230 

231 def _toDict(self): 

232 def _p(n): # lambda 

233 return n.endswith('0') or n.startswith('R') or \ 

234 n.endswith('0C') # _0_ 

235 

236 return self._preDict(_p, H0_ETRS=self.H0_ETRS) 

237 

238 @property_ROnce 

239 def W0(self): # 2.4.1 p 15 w0 

240 return self.log_tan(self.PHI0C) # 𝛷0 

241 

242# def _w1(self, sphi): # EPSG:9809 

243# w1 = NAN 

244# if _1_0 > sphi > _N_1_0: 

245# e = self.E0.e 

246# S = (_1_0 + sphi) / (_1_0 - sphi) 

247# T = (_1_0 - sphi * e) / (_1_0 + sphi * e) 

248# w1 = pow(pow(T, e) * S, self.N0) 

249# return w1 

250 

251 # % python -c "import pyrdnap; print(pyrdnap.rd0._RD0.toStr())" 

252 # D0=Datum(name='Bessel1841', ellipsoid=Ellipsoids.Bessel1841, transform=Transforms.Bessel1841), 

253 # D80=Datum(name='GRS80', ellipsoid=Ellipsoids.GRS80, transform=Transforms.WGS84), 

254 # E0=Ellipsoid(name='Bessel1841', a=6377397.155, f=0.00334277, f_=299.1528128, b=6356078.962818), 

255 # H0=0.0, H0_ETRS=43.0, K0=0.9999079, LAM0=0.094032038, LAM0C=0.094032038, 

256 # LAT0=52.156160556, LON0=5.387638889, M0=0.003773954, N0=1.000475857, 

257 # PHI0=0.910296727, PHI0C=0.909684757, Q0=1.06531844, 

258 # R=6382644.571035411, RK2=12764113.458940838, Rmn2=(2524.794785679199, 2527.9854850929623), 

259 # sincos2PHI0=(0.7896858198001045, 0.6135114554811807), 

260 # sincos2PHI0C=(0.7893102212553742, 0.6139946047171686), 

261 # W0=1.069599332, X0=155000.0, Y0=463000.0 

262 

263_RD0 = _RD0() # PYCHOK singleton, in .test/testRndTrips 

264 

265 

266class RDNAP7Tuple(_NamedTuple): # in .v_self 

267 '''7-Tuple C{(RDx, RDy, NAPh, lat, lon, height, datum)} with I{local} C{RDx}, 

268 C{RDy} and C{NAPh} quasi-geoid_height, geodetic C{lat}, C{lon}, C{height} 

269 and C{datum} with C{lat} and C{lon} in C{degrees} and with C{RDx}, C{RDy}, 

270 C{NAPh} and C{height} in C{meter}, conventionally. 

271 

272 @note: The C{lat} and {lon} are I{by default} B{GRS80 (ETRS89)} geodetic 

273 coordinates L{RDNAP2018v1.reverse} but B{Bessel1841 (RD-Bessel)} 

274 when returned from L{RDNAP2018v2.reverse}. 

275 ''' 

276 _Names_ = ('RDx', 'RDy', 'NAPh', _lat_, _lon_, _height_, _datum_) 

277 _Units_ = ( Meter, Meter, Meter, Lat, Lon, Height, _Pass) 

278 

279 @property_ROnce 

280 def _datum_index(self): 

281 return self._Names_.index(_datum_) 

282 

283 def diff(self, other, datum=None, **name): 

284 '''Return the difference between this and an C{other} C{RDNAP7Tuple}. 

285 

286 @kwarg datum: Optional difference C{B{datum}=None} (C{Latum}). 

287 @kwarg name: Optional name (C{str}). 

288 

289 @return: An L{RDNAP7Tuple} with the C{_diff} for each item, but 

290 C{datum=B{datum}}. 

291 ''' 

292 def _diff(a, b): 

293 return fabs(a - b) 

294 

295 _xinstanceof(RDNAP7Tuple, other=other) 

296 d = self._datum_index 

297 t = map2(_diff, self[:d], other[:d]) 

298 return RDNAP7Tuple(t + (datum,), **name) 

299 

300 @Property_RO 

301 def lam(self): 

302 '''Get the longitude (B{C{radians}}). 

303 ''' 

304 return Lamd(self.lon) # PYCHOK lon 

305 

306 @Property_RO 

307 def latlon(self): 

308 '''Get the lat-, longitude in C{degrees} (L{LatLon2Tuple}C{(lat, lon)}). 

309 ''' 

310 return LatLon2Tuple(self.lat, self.lon, name=self.name) 

311 

312 @Property_RO 

313 def latlonheight(self): 

314 '''Get the lat-, longitude in C{degrees} and height (L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height)}). 

315 ''' 

316 return self.latlon.to3Tuple(self.height) 

317 

318 @Property_RO 

319 def latlonheightdatum(self): 

320 '''Get the lat-, longitude in C{degrees} with height and datum (L{LatLon4Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height, datum)}). 

321 ''' 

322 return self.latlonheight.to4Tuple(self.datum) 

323 

324 @Property_RO 

325 def phi(self): 

326 '''Get the latitude (B{C{radians}}). 

327 ''' 

328 return Phid(self.lat) # PYCHOK lat 

329 

330 @Property_RO 

331 def philam(self): 

332 '''Get the lat- and longitude in C{radians} (L{PhiLam2Tuple}C{(phi, lam)}). 

333 ''' 

334 return PhiLam2Tuple(self.phi, self.lam, name=self.name) # PYCHOK lam, phi 

335 

336 @Property_RO 

337 def philamheight(self): 

338 '''Get the lat-, longitude in C{radians} and height (L{PhiLam3Tuple}C{(phi, lam, height)}). 

339 ''' 

340 return self.philam.to3Tuple(self.height) # PYCHOK height 

341 

342 @Property_RO 

343 def philamheightdatum(self): 

344 '''Get the lat-, longitude in C{radians} with height and datum (L{PhiLamn4Tuple}C{(phi, lam, height, datum)}). 

345 ''' 

346 return self.philamheight.to4Tuple(self.datum) 

347 

348 def toDatum(self, datum2, **name): 

349 '''Convert this C{lat}, C{lon} and C{height} to B{C{datum2}}. 

350 

351 @arg datum2: Datum to convert I{to} (L{Datum}). 

352 

353 @return: An L{RDNAP7Tuple} with converted C{lat}, C{lon} and C{height} 

354 or this L{RDNAP7Tuple} if this.datum is B{C{datum2}}. 

355 ''' 

356 _xinstanceof(Datum, datum2=datum2) 

357 if self.datum is datum2: # PYCHOK or self.datum == datum2 

358 return self 

359 g = self.toLatLon(_LLEB).toDatum(datum2) 

360 h = NAN if _isNAN(self.height) else g.height # PYCHOK preserve height NAN 

361 return self.dup(lat=g.lat, lon=g.lon, datum=g.datum, height=h, 

362 **_xkwds(name, name=self.name)) 

363 

364 def toLatLon(self, LatLon, **LatLon_kwds): 

365 '''Return this C{lat}, C{lon}, C{datum} and C{height} as B{C{LatLon}}. 

366 

367 @arg LatLon: An ellipsodial C{LatLon} class (C{pygeodesy.ellipsoidal*}). 

368 @kwarg LatLon_kwds: Optional, additional B{C{LatLon}} keyword arguments. 

369 

370 @return: An B{C{LatLon}} instance. 

371 

372 @raise TypeError: B{C{LatLon}} not ellipsoidal or an other issue. 

373 ''' 

374 _xsubclassof(_LLEB, LatLon=LatLon) 

375 h = _isNAN0(self.height) # PYCHOK height 

376 kwds = _xkwds(LatLon_kwds, name=self.name, height=h) 

377 return LatLon(self.lat, self.lon, datum=self.datum, **kwds) # PYCHOK datum 

378 

379 @Property_RO 

380 def xy(self): 

381 '''Get the I{local} C{(RDx, RDy)} coordinates (L{Vector2Tuple}C{(x, y)}). 

382 ''' 

383 return Vector2Tuple(self.RDx, self.RDy, name=self.name) 

384 

385 @Property_RO 

386 def xyz(self): 

387 '''Get the I{local} C{(RDx, RDy, NAPh)} coordinates and height (L{Vector3Tuple}C{(x, y, z)}). 

388 ''' 

389 return Vector3Tuple(self.RDx, self.RDy, self.NAPh, name=self.name) 

390 

391 

392class LqRD(_LqRD): 

393 '''Like U{pygeodesy.LqRD<https://mrJean1.GitHub.io/PyGeodesy/docs/pygeodesy.ltp.LqRD-class.html>} 

394 but with methods C{forward} and C{reverse} returning an L{RDNAP7Tuple} with C{NAPh} replaced 

395 by I{local} C{z}, the perpendicular distance to the local tangent plane (LTP). 

396 

397 This C{quasi-RD} transformer B{does not} implement any U{RD NAP<https://www.NSGI.NL/ 

398 coordinatenstelsels-en-transformaties/coordinatentransformaties/rdnap-etrs89-rdnaptrans>} 

399 specification and B{does not} provide I{Netherlands}' C{B{N}ormaal B{A}msterdams B{P}eil 

400 (NAP)} quasi-geodetic-height. 

401 ''' 

402 if _FOR_DOCS: 

403 __init__ = _LqRD.__init__ 

404 

405 def forward(self, lat_latlonh, lon=None, height=0, **name): # PYCHOK signature 

406 '''Convert I{geodetic} C{(lat, lon, height)} to I{local} C{quasi-RD (x, y, z)}. 

407 

408 @arg lat_latlonh: C{Scalar} (geodetic) latitude (C{degrees}) or a I{local} 

409 C{quasi-RD} L{RDNAP7Tuple}. 

410 @kwarg lon: C{Scalar} (geodetic) longitude (C{degrees}) iff B{C{lat_latlonh}} 

411 is C{scalar}, ignored otherwise. 

412 @kwarg height: Optional height (C{meter}, conventionally) perpendicular to and 

413 above (or below) the ellipsoid's surface, iff B{C{lat_latlonh}} 

414 is C{scalar}, ignored otherwise. 

415 @kwarg name: Optional C{B{name}=NN} (C{str}). 

416 

417 @return: An L{RDNAP7Tuple}C{(RDx, RDy, NAPh, lat, lon, height, datum)} with 

418 C{NAPh} set to I{local} C{z}. 

419 

420 @see: B{pygeodesy.LqRD.forward} for more information. 

421 ''' 

422 t = _LqRD.forward(self, lat_latlonh, lon=lon, height=height) 

423 return LqRD._l9t2r7t(t, **name) 

424 

425 def reverse(self, x_xyz, y=None, z=None, **name): # PYCHOK signature 

426 '''Convert I{local} C{quasi-RD (x, y, z)} to I{geodetic} C{(lat, lon, height)}. 

427 

428 @arg x_xyz: Local C{quasi-RD x} coordinate (C{scalar}) or a I{local} 

429 C{quasi-RD} L{RDNAP7Tuple}. 

430 @kwarg y: Local C{quasi-RD y} coordinate (C{meter}) iff B{C{x_xyz}} is 

431 C{scalar}, ignored otherwise. 

432 @kwarg z: Local C{z} coordinate (C{meter}) iff B{C{x_xyz}} is C{scalar}, 

433 ignored otherwise. 

434 @kwarg name: Optional C{B{name}=NN} (C{str}). 

435 

436 @return: An L{RDNAP7Tuple}C{(RDx, RDy, NAPh, lat, lon, height, datum)} 

437 with C{NAPh} set to I{local} B{C{z}}. 

438 

439 @see: B{pygeodesy.LqRD.reverse} for more information. 

440 ''' 

441 t = _LqRD.reverse(self, x_xyz, y=y, z=z) 

442 return LqRD._l9t2r7t(t, **name) 

443 

444 @staticmethod 

445 def _l9t2r7t(t, name=NN, **unused): # M=False 

446 return RDNAP7Tuple(t.x, t.y, t.z, # NAPh = t.z 

447 t.lat, t.lon, t.height, t.ecef.datum, name=name or t.name) 

448 

449 

450__all__ += _ALL_OTHER(LqRD, RDNAP7Tuple, Bounds4Tuple, # passed along from PyGeodesy 

451 Datums, LatLon2Tuple, PhiLam2Tuple, Similarity, Vector2Tuple, Vector3Tuple) 

452del _LQRD 

453 

454# **) MIT License 

455# 

456# Copyright (C) 2026-2026 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved. 

457# 

458# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a 

459# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), 

460# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation 

461# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 

462# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the 

463# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 

464# 

465# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included 

466# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. 

467# 

468# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS 

469# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 

470# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL 

471# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR 

472# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, 

473# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR 

474# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.