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sqlglot.dialects.presto

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    NormalizationStrategy,
  9    binary_from_function,
 10    bool_xor_sql,
 11    date_trunc_to_time,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    encode_decode_sql,
 14    build_formatted_time,
 15    if_sql,
 16    left_to_substring_sql,
 17    no_ilike_sql,
 18    no_pivot_sql,
 19    no_safe_divide_sql,
 20    no_timestamp_sql,
 21    regexp_extract_sql,
 22    rename_func,
 23    right_to_substring_sql,
 24    struct_extract_sql,
 25    str_position_sql,
 26    timestamptrunc_sql,
 27    timestrtotime_sql,
 28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 29    unit_to_str,
 30)
 31from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
 32from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
 33from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
 34from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 35
 36
 37def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
 38    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Explode):
 39        return self.sql(
 40            exp.Join(
 41                this=exp.Unnest(
 42                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
 43                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
 44                    offset=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
 45                ),
 46                kind="cross",
 47            )
 48        )
 49    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
 50
 51
 52def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
 53    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
 54    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
 55
 56
 57def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
 58    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
 59        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
 60    else:
 61        comparator = None
 62    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
 63
 64
 65def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
 66    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
 67        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
 68        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
 69
 70    if expression.parent:
 71        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
 72            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
 73            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
 74                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
 75
 76    return self.schema_sql(expression)
 77
 78
 79def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
 80    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
 81    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
 82
 83
 84def _str_to_time_sql(
 85    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
 86) -> str:
 87    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
 88
 89
 90def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
 91    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
 92    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
 93        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
 94    return self.sql(
 95        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
 96    )
 97
 98
 99def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
100    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
101    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
102    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
103
104
105def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
106    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
107    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
108    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
109    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
110
111
112def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
113    if len(args) == 4:
114        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
115            this=seq_get(args, 0),
116            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
117            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
118            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
119        )
120    if len(args) == 3:
121        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
122            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
123        )
124    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
125
126
127def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
128    if len(args) == 3:
129        return exp.UnixToTime(
130            this=seq_get(args, 0),
131            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
132            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
133        )
134    if len(args) == 2:
135        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
136
137    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
138
139
140def _unnest_sequence(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
141    if isinstance(expression, exp.Table):
142        if isinstance(expression.this, exp.GenerateSeries):
143            unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.this])
144
145            if expression.alias:
146                return exp.alias_(unnest, alias="_u", table=[expression.alias], copy=False)
147            return unnest
148    return expression
149
150
151def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
152    """
153    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
154    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
155    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
156
157    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
158    """
159    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
160        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
161
162    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
163
164
165def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
166    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
167    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
168    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
169        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
170
171    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
172
173
174def _to_int(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
175    if not expression.type:
176        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
177
178        annotate_types(expression)
179    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
180        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
181    return expression
182
183
184def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
185    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
186    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
187        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
188        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
189
190    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
191    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
192    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
193
194
195class Presto(Dialect):
196    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
197    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
198    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
199    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
200    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
201    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
202    TYPED_DIVISION = True
203    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
204    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
205
206    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
207    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
208    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
209    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
210
211    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
212        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
213            (prefix + q, q)
214            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
215            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
216        ]
217
218        KEYWORDS = {
219            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
220            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
221            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
222            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
223            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
224            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
225        }
226
227        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
228
229    class Parser(parser.Parser):
230        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
231
232        FUNCTIONS = {
233            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
234            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
235            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
236            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
237            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
238            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
239            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
240            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
241            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
242            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
243            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
244                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
245            ),
246            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
247                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
248            ),
249            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
250            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
251            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
252            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
253                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
254            ),
255            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
256            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
257            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
258                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
259            ),
260            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
261            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
262                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
263            ),
264            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
265                this=seq_get(args, 0),
266                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
267                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
268            ),
269            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
270            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
271            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
272            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
273            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
274                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
275            ),
276            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
277            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
278            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
279            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
280                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
281            ),
282        }
283
284        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
285        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
286
287    class Generator(generator.Generator):
288        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
289        JOIN_HINTS = False
290        TABLE_HINTS = False
291        QUERY_HINTS = False
292        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
293        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
294        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
295        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
296        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
297        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
298        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
299        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
300        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
301
302        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
303            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
304            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
305            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
306        }
307
308        TYPE_MAPPING = {
309            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
310            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
311            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
312            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
313            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
314            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
315            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
316            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
317            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
318            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
319        }
320
321        TRANSFORMS = {
322            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
323            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
324            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
325                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
326            ),
327            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
328            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
329            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
330            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
331            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
332            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
333            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
334            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
335            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
336            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
337            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
338            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
339            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
340                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
341            ),
342            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
343            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
344            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
345                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
346            ),
347            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
348            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
349            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
350            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
351                "DATE_ADD",
352                unit_to_str(e),
353                _to_int(e.expression),
354                e.this,
355            ),
356            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
357                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
358            ),
359            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
360            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
361            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
362            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
363                "DATE_ADD",
364                unit_to_str(e),
365                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
366                e.this,
367            ),
368            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
369            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
370            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
371            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
372            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
373            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
374            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
375            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
376            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
377            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
378            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
379                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
380            ),
381            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
382            exp.If: if_sql(),
383            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
384            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
385            exp.ParseJSON: rename_func("JSON_PARSE"),
386            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
387            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
388            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
389            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
390            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
391            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
392            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
393            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
394            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
395            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
396            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
397            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
398            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
399            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
400            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
401            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
402                [
403                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
404                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
405                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
406                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
407                ]
408            ),
409            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
410            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
411            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
412            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
413            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
414            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
415            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
416            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
417            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
418            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
419            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
420            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
421                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
422            ),
423            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
424            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
425            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
426            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
427            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
428            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
429            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
430            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
431            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
432            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
433            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
434            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
435            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
436            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
437            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
438            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
439            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
440            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
441                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
442            ),
443            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
444        }
445
446        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
447            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
448            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
449            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
450            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
451            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
452            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
453            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
454            parse_with_tz = self.func(
455                "PARSE_DATETIME",
456                value_as_text,
457                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
458            )
459            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
460            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
461
462        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
463            if expression.args.get("safe"):
464                return self.func(
465                    "ELEMENT_AT",
466                    expression.this,
467                    seq_get(
468                        apply_index_offset(
469                            expression.this,
470                            expression.expressions,
471                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
472                        ),
473                        0,
474                    ),
475                )
476            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
477
478        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
479            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
480
481            expression = annotate_types(expression)
482            values: t.List[str] = []
483            schema: t.List[str] = []
484            unknown_type = False
485
486            for e in expression.expressions:
487                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
488                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
489                        unknown_type = True
490                    else:
491                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
492                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
493                else:
494                    values.append(self.sql(e))
495
496            size = len(expression.expressions)
497
498            if not size or len(schema) != size:
499                if unknown_type:
500                    self.unsupported(
501                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
502                    )
503                return self.func("ROW", *values)
504            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
505
506        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
507            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
508                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
509            return super().interval_sql(expression)
510
511        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
512            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
513            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
514            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
515
516        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
517            start = expression.args["start"]
518            end = expression.args["end"]
519            step = expression.args.get("step")
520
521            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
522                target_type = start.to
523            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
524                target_type = end.to
525            else:
526                target_type = None
527
528            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
529                if target_type is start.to:
530                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
531                else:
532                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
533
534            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
535
536        def offset_limit_modifiers(
537            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
538        ) -> t.List[str]:
539            return [
540                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
541                self.sql(limit),
542            ]
543
544        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
545            """
546            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
547            so we need to remove them
548            """
549            kind = expression.args["kind"]
550            schema = expression.this
551            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
552                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
553            return super().create_sql(expression)
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
196class Presto(Dialect):
197    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
198    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
199    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
200    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
201    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
202    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
203    TYPED_DIVISION = True
204    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
205    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
206
207    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
208    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
209    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
210    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
211
212    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
213        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
214            (prefix + q, q)
215            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
216            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
217        ]
218
219        KEYWORDS = {
220            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
221            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
222            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
223            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
224            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
225            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
226        }
227
228        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
229
230    class Parser(parser.Parser):
231        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
232
233        FUNCTIONS = {
234            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
235            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
236            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
237            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
238            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
239            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
240            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
241            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
242            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
243            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
244            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
245                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
246            ),
247            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
248                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
249            ),
250            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
251            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
252            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
253            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
254                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
255            ),
256            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
257            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
258            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
259                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
260            ),
261            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
262            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
263                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
264            ),
265            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
266                this=seq_get(args, 0),
267                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
268                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
269            ),
270            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
271            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
272            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
273            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
274            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
275                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
276            ),
277            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
278            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
279            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
280            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
281                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
282            ),
283        }
284
285        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
286        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
287
288    class Generator(generator.Generator):
289        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
290        JOIN_HINTS = False
291        TABLE_HINTS = False
292        QUERY_HINTS = False
293        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
294        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
295        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
296        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
297        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
298        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
299        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
300        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
301        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
302
303        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
304            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
305            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
306            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
307        }
308
309        TYPE_MAPPING = {
310            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
311            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
312            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
313            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
314            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
315            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
316            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
317            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
318            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
319            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
320        }
321
322        TRANSFORMS = {
323            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
324            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
325            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
326                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
327            ),
328            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
329            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
330            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
331            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
332            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
333            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
334            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
335            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
336            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
337            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
338            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
339            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
340            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
341                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
342            ),
343            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
344            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
345            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
346                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
347            ),
348            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
349            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
350            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
351            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
352                "DATE_ADD",
353                unit_to_str(e),
354                _to_int(e.expression),
355                e.this,
356            ),
357            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
358                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
359            ),
360            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
361            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
362            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
363            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
364                "DATE_ADD",
365                unit_to_str(e),
366                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
367                e.this,
368            ),
369            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
370            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
371            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
372            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
373            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
374            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
375            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
376            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
377            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
378            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
379            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
380                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
381            ),
382            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
383            exp.If: if_sql(),
384            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
385            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
386            exp.ParseJSON: rename_func("JSON_PARSE"),
387            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
388            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
389            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
390            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
391            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
392            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
393            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
394            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
395            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
396            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
397            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
398            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
399            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
400            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
401            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
402            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
403                [
404                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
405                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
406                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
407                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
408                ]
409            ),
410            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
411            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
412            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
413            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
414            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
415            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
416            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
417            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
418            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
419            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
420            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
421            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
422                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
423            ),
424            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
425            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
426            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
427            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
428            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
429            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
430            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
431            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
432            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
433            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
434            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
435            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
436            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
437            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
438            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
439            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
440            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
441            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
442                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
443            ),
444            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
445        }
446
447        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
448            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
449            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
450            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
451            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
452            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
453            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
454            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
455            parse_with_tz = self.func(
456                "PARSE_DATETIME",
457                value_as_text,
458                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
459            )
460            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
461            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
462
463        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
464            if expression.args.get("safe"):
465                return self.func(
466                    "ELEMENT_AT",
467                    expression.this,
468                    seq_get(
469                        apply_index_offset(
470                            expression.this,
471                            expression.expressions,
472                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
473                        ),
474                        0,
475                    ),
476                )
477            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
478
479        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
480            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
481
482            expression = annotate_types(expression)
483            values: t.List[str] = []
484            schema: t.List[str] = []
485            unknown_type = False
486
487            for e in expression.expressions:
488                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
489                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
490                        unknown_type = True
491                    else:
492                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
493                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
494                else:
495                    values.append(self.sql(e))
496
497            size = len(expression.expressions)
498
499            if not size or len(schema) != size:
500                if unknown_type:
501                    self.unsupported(
502                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
503                    )
504                return self.func("ROW", *values)
505            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
506
507        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
508            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
509                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
510            return super().interval_sql(expression)
511
512        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
513            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
514            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
515            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
516
517        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
518            start = expression.args["start"]
519            end = expression.args["end"]
520            step = expression.args.get("step")
521
522            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
523                target_type = start.to
524            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
525                target_type = end.to
526            else:
527                target_type = None
528
529            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
530                if target_type is start.to:
531                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
532                else:
533                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
534
535            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
536
537        def offset_limit_modifiers(
538            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
539        ) -> t.List[str]:
540            return [
541                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
542                self.sql(limit),
543            ]
544
545        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
546            """
547            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
548            so we need to remove them
549            """
550            kind = expression.args["kind"]
551            schema = expression.this
552            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
553                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
554            return super().create_sql(expression)
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%a'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether CONCAT's arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%a': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
212    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
213        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
214            (prefix + q, q)
215            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
216            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
217        ]
218
219        KEYWORDS = {
220            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
221            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
222            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
223            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
224            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
225            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
226        }
227
228        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>}
class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
230    class Parser(parser.Parser):
231        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
232
233        FUNCTIONS = {
234            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
235            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
236            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
237            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
238            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
239            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
240            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
241            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
242            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
243            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
244            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
245                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
246            ),
247            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
248                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
249            ),
250            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
251            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
252            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
253            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
254                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
255            ),
256            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
257            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
258            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
259                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
260            ),
261            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
262            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
263                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
264            ),
265            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
266                this=seq_get(args, 0),
267                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
268                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
269            ),
270            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
271            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
272            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
273            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
274            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
275                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
276            ),
277            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
278            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
279            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
280            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
281                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
282            ),
283        }
284
285        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
286        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': 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method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method 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'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': 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'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 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'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ID_VAR_TOKENS
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
STATEMENT_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
RANGE_PARSERS
PROPERTY_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
UNION_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
288    class Generator(generator.Generator):
289        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
290        JOIN_HINTS = False
291        TABLE_HINTS = False
292        QUERY_HINTS = False
293        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
294        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
295        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
296        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
297        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
298        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
299        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
300        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
301        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
302
303        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
304            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
305            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
306            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
307        }
308
309        TYPE_MAPPING = {
310            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
311            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
312            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
313            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
314            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
315            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
316            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
317            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
318            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
319            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
320        }
321
322        TRANSFORMS = {
323            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
324            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
325            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
326                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
327            ),
328            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
329            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
330            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
331            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
332            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
333            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
334            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
335            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
336            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
337            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
338            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
339            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
340            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
341                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
342            ),
343            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
344            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
345            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
346                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
347            ),
348            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
349            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
350            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
351            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
352                "DATE_ADD",
353                unit_to_str(e),
354                _to_int(e.expression),
355                e.this,
356            ),
357            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
358                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
359            ),
360            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
361            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
362            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
363            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
364                "DATE_ADD",
365                unit_to_str(e),
366                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
367                e.this,
368            ),
369            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
370            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
371            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
372            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
373            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
374            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
375            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
376            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
377            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
378            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
379            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
380                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
381            ),
382            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
383            exp.If: if_sql(),
384            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
385            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
386            exp.ParseJSON: rename_func("JSON_PARSE"),
387            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
388            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
389            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
390            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
391            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
392            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
393            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
394            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
395            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
396            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
397            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
398            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
399            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
400            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
401            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
402            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
403                [
404                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
405                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
406                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
407                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
408                ]
409            ),
410            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
411            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
412            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
413            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
414            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
415            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
416            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
417            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
418            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
419            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
420            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
421            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
422                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
423            ),
424            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
425            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
426            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
427            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
428            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
429            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
430            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
431            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
432            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
433            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
434            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
435            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
436            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
437            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
438            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
439            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
440            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
441            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
442                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
443            ),
444            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
445        }
446
447        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
448            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
449            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
450            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
451            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
452            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
453            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
454            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
455            parse_with_tz = self.func(
456                "PARSE_DATETIME",
457                value_as_text,
458                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
459            )
460            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
461            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
462
463        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
464            if expression.args.get("safe"):
465                return self.func(
466                    "ELEMENT_AT",
467                    expression.this,
468                    seq_get(
469                        apply_index_offset(
470                            expression.this,
471                            expression.expressions,
472                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
473                        ),
474                        0,
475                    ),
476                )
477            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
478
479        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
480            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
481
482            expression = annotate_types(expression)
483            values: t.List[str] = []
484            schema: t.List[str] = []
485            unknown_type = False
486
487            for e in expression.expressions:
488                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
489                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
490                        unknown_type = True
491                    else:
492                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
493                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
494                else:
495                    values.append(self.sql(e))
496
497            size = len(expression.expressions)
498
499            if not size or len(schema) != size:
500                if unknown_type:
501                    self.unsupported(
502                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
503                    )
504                return self.func("ROW", *values)
505            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
506
507        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
508            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
509                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
510            return super().interval_sql(expression)
511
512        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
513            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
514            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
515            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
516
517        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
518            start = expression.args["start"]
519            end = expression.args["end"]
520            step = expression.args.get("step")
521
522            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
523                target_type = start.to
524            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
525                target_type = end.to
526            else:
527                target_type = None
528
529            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
530                if target_type is start.to:
531                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
532                else:
533                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
534
535            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
536
537        def offset_limit_modifiers(
538            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
539        ) -> t.List[str]:
540            return [
541                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
542                self.sql(limit),
543            ]
544
545        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
546            """
547            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
548            so we need to remove them
549            """
550            kind = expression.args["kind"]
551            schema = expression.this
552            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
553                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
554            return super().create_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>}
def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str:
447        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
448            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
449            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
450            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
451            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
452            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
453            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
454            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
455            parse_with_tz = self.func(
456                "PARSE_DATETIME",
457                value_as_text,
458                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
459            )
460            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
461            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
463        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
464            if expression.args.get("safe"):
465                return self.func(
466                    "ELEMENT_AT",
467                    expression.this,
468                    seq_get(
469                        apply_index_offset(
470                            expression.this,
471                            expression.expressions,
472                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
473                        ),
474                        0,
475                    ),
476                )
477            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
479        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
480            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
481
482            expression = annotate_types(expression)
483            values: t.List[str] = []
484            schema: t.List[str] = []
485            unknown_type = False
486
487            for e in expression.expressions:
488                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
489                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
490                        unknown_type = True
491                    else:
492                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
493                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
494                else:
495                    values.append(self.sql(e))
496
497            size = len(expression.expressions)
498
499            if not size or len(schema) != size:
500                if unknown_type:
501                    self.unsupported(
502                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
503                    )
504                return self.func("ROW", *values)
505            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str:
507        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
508            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
509                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
510            return super().interval_sql(expression)
def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str:
512        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
513            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
514            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
515            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
def generateseries_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries) -> str:
517        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
518            start = expression.args["start"]
519            end = expression.args["end"]
520            step = expression.args.get("step")
521
522            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
523                target_type = start.to
524            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
525                target_type = end.to
526            else:
527                target_type = None
528
529            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
530                if target_type is start.to:
531                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
532                else:
533                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
534
535            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]:
537        def offset_limit_modifiers(
538            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
539        ) -> t.List[str]:
540            return [
541                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
542                self.sql(limit),
543            ]
def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str:
545        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
546            """
547            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
548            so we need to remove them
549            """
550            kind = expression.args["kind"]
551            schema = expression.this
552            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
553                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
554            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: CREATE VIEW x (cola) then (cola) is the expression), so we need to remove them

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_UNION
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
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COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
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TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
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JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
PARAMETER_TOKEN
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
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