complex op• 資料種類:cpoints × cpoints → cscalar
• 呼叫:import mathops; mathops.cplx_contour_integral(z, fz)(或 opsmath.get("cplx_contour_integral"))
用弦梯形法計算閉合圍道積分 `∮ f(z) dz`。
> 以下的詳細說明為原文 —— 摘要與標題已翻譯。
*z* are the contour vertices (closing segment implicit, see
:func:cplx_contour_circle) and *fz* the function sampled at exactly those
points — the op never calls back into Python, so any `f` is allowed as
long as you can sample it. The quadrature is
`sum_k (f_k + f_{k+1})/2 * (z_{k+1} - z_k)`, i.e. the trapezoidal rule
along the *chords*; it is exact for a piecewise-linear integrand and second
order otherwise.
Ground truth it reproduces: `f = 1/(z - a)` around a circle enclosing
`a integrates to 2*pi*i` (Cauchy); measured on the unit circle with
`a = 0, the relative error is 1.0e-4 at n = 256` and
6.3e-6 at `n = 1024` — a factor 16.0 for 4x
refinement, i.e. the `O(n^-2)` rate, *not* the spectral accuracy the
trapezoid rule enjoys when applied in the angle parameter. That difference
is the honest price of accepting an arbitrary point list instead of a
parametrisation.
Orientation follows the sample order: a clockwise contour returns the
negative of the counter-clockwise one.
Raises `ValueError: fewer than 3 points, len(z) != len(fz)`, a
degenerate contour (all points coincide), non-finite/masked input, or a sum
that overflowed (`|f|` near a pole *on* the path).
HALCON: no operator (contour integration is not part of its tuple/XLD API).
mathops 的每個運算子都先檢驗輸入再計算(不讓任何東西無聲通過):
• **complex 輸入一律 ValueError** —— 強制轉成 float64 會無聲丟掉虛部(numpy 只發一個 ComplexWarning,然後回傳一個「看似合理卻是錯的」實數)。請明確寫出 .real/.imag/abs(),或改用支援複數的 complexops。
• **含被遮罩元素的 masked array 一律 ValueError** —— 拒絕「剝掉遮罩直接使用下面原值」的隱式轉換。請明確選擇填補還是丟棄。
• **所有輸入中的 NaN/Inf 一律 ValueError**(明確給出個數後拒絕 —— 它會汙染整個結果)。
• 形狀嚴格:不對 1-D 與 2-D 做隱式提升或廣播(向量槽位收到矩陣、矩陣槽位收到向量都是 ValueError;請明確 reshape)。
• 尺寸上限:接受矩陣的運算子與 stat_histogram 的 bins,超過 mathops.MAX_ELEMENTS(2^26 ≈ 6700 萬個元素)即 ValueError。
• 範例資料目錄(下載 URL / 授權) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有領域)加合成圖,3-D 給出真實資料源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下載 URL。
• 運算子來歷與參考文獻 —— 該運算子族所依據的研究/方法出處。
• 演算法的正典(作者・年份)與用途見上面的族使用指南。
• math_complex — py -3.11 examples/math_complex.py
• representation_conversion — py -3.11 examples/representation_conversion.py
cscalar 作為輸入)—
complex)cplx_contour_circle · cplx_poly_eval · cplx_winding_number · cplx_cauchy_value · cplx_argument_principle · cplx_laurent_coeffs · cplx_joukowski · cplx_mobius
*Provenance: mathops.py — MATH 運算子登記表。本條目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自動產生(請勿手動編輯)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.