interp_linear — MATH interp_poly op

Data kinds: signal × signal × signalsignal

Call: import mathops; mathops.interp_linear(x, y, xq, out_of_range='raise') (or opsmath.get("interp_linear"))

Usage

Piecewise-linear interpolation of `(x, y)` samples at query *xq*.

*x* must be strictly increasing (fail-closed: an unsorted or duplicated

grid raises rather than being silently reordered). *xq* is a scalar or a

1-D array; a scalar query returns a Python float, an array returns float64.

Out-of-range is an explicit choice, never silent: `'raise'` (default)

refuses any query outside `[x[0], x[-1]]` — a calibration table queried

beyond its calibrated range is a wrong answer waiting to happen — while

`'clamp'` holds the boundary values (the honest flat extension; there is

deliberately no silent linear extrapolation mode).

Exact on the nodes and exact for data that is genuinely piecewise linear.

HALCON: `get_y_value_funct_1d` interpolates function pairs the same way

(see :mod:funct1d, which works HALCON's index-grid convention; this op

takes an arbitrary strictly-increasing x grid).

Family-wide input contract (fail-closed)

Every mathops op validates its input before computing (nothing slips through silently):

• **complex input raises ValueError** — coercing to float64 silently discards the imaginary part (numpy only emits a ComplexWarning and returns a plausible-looking wrong real number). State .real/.imag/abs() explicitly, or use complexops, which handles complex data.

• **masked arrays with masked elements raise ValueError** — the implicit conversion that peels off the mask and uses the raw values underneath is refused. Say explicitly whether to fill or to drop.

• **NaN/Inf raises ValueError on every input** (refused with the count stated — it propagates through the whole result).

Shapes are strict: 1-D and 2-D are never implicitly promoted or broadcast (a matrix in a vector slot, or a vector in a matrix slot, raises ValueError; reshape explicitly).

Size cap: ops that take a matrix, and the stat_histogram bins, raise ValueError beyond mathops.MAX_ELEMENTS (2^26 ≈ 67 million elements).

Detailed usage guide

math_metrology family guide

References (sample data, literature)

• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).

• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.

• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.

Runnable examples (verified samples that actually call this op)

math_metrologypy -3.11 examples/math_metrology.py

Ops the type connects to (they accept signal as input)

mat_solve · mat_lstsq · stat_describe · stat_histogram · stat_zscore · interp_cubic · poly_fit · poly_eval

Same category (interp_poly)

interp_cubic · poly_fit · poly_eval · poly_roots


*Provenance: mathops.py — MATH operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*

© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.