illumination op• Data kinds: none → table (an op determined by its arguments alone — it takes no image or data input)
• Call: import illumdesign; illumdesign.light_source(kind='ring', radius_mm=60.0, height_mm=100.0, n=24, tilt_deg=None, length_mm=100.0, intensity=1.0, cos_exponent=1.0, position=None, emitters=None, directions=None) (or opsoptics.get("light_source"))
An emitter set for a standard machine-vision light family (`table`).
*kind*:
• `"point" — one emitter at *position* (default (0, 0, height_mm)`)
pointing straight down.
• `"ring"` — *n* emitters on a circle of *radius_mm* at *height_mm*,
each tilted toward the axis by *tilt_deg* (default: aimed at the origin,
so the ring's elevation angle is `atan(height/radius)`; low
height/radius = dark field, high = bright field).
• `"bar"` — *n* emitters along a line of *length_mm* parallel to x at
`y = radius_mm, z = height_mm`, aimed at the origin line.
• `"dome"` — *n* emitters spread over a hemisphere of *radius_mm*
(Fibonacci lattice, zenith angles 20°–85°), each pointing at the centre:
the diffuse, shadow-free illumination of a dome light.
• `"coaxial"` — a disc of *n* emitters of radius *radius_mm* at
*height_mm* pointing down: the diffuse area source a beam splitter folds
onto the viewing axis. Put it at the camera height with a radius of at
least twice the part size, so that every point of a flat glossy part
sees the source in its mirror direction (a *small* source at the camera
gives one bright spot, not a field-wide glare). The dict carries an
`area record so :func:defect_contrast` takes the specular glare from
the disc's uniform radiance `L = n I0/(π r²)` by a mirror-hit test
instead of a point sum that cannot resolve a narrow lobe.
• `"backlight" — *n* × *n* emitters on a square of side 2·radius_mm`
at `z = −height_mm` pointing up: the part is seen in silhouette.
• `"custom"` — *emitters* (N,3) and *directions* (N,3) given explicitly.
*intensity* is the radiant intensity of one emitter on its axis (arbitrary
units), *cos_exponent* the Lambertian order of its angular distribution
(1 = ideal Lambertian LED; ~2–4 for a lensed LED with a narrower beam).
Every optics op validates its input before computing (nothing slips through silently):
• Units are baked into the argument name — _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad. Confusing mm with µm does not crash; it yields a plausible-looking wrong answer, so the name prevents it. Nothing here guesses the unit from the magnitude.
• **Strings raise ValueError** — float('50') succeeds, so an unparsed configuration value would slip through as a length (measured: thin_lens('50', '200') returned a plausible 66.667 mm). bool is refused too, as the implicit promotion True == 1.
• **complex / masked arrays raise ValueError (real-valued slots only; silently dropping the imaginary part or peeling off the mask is refused). NaN/Inf raises ValueError on every input.**
• Division by zero and its relatives are refused by name: focal length 0, radius of curvature 0, refractive index <= 0, a fully opaque aperture (all zeros, so the normalisation is 0/0), a PSF whose sum is <= 0, a Stokes vector with S0 = 0, and an object sitting at the front focal point (the image is at infinity).
• Only two ops return a non-finite value, and both state it as a contract: depth_of_field returns far_mm = inf beyond the hyperfocal distance (that is what the hyperfocal distance means), and gaussian_beam returns wavefront_radius_mm = inf at the waist (the radius of curvature of a plane wavefront). Both also return a finite companion (far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm). **Any other silent NaN/Inf is detected internally and raises ValueError** — "float64 overflowed" and "the answer is infinite" are different claims, so the first is never returned wearing the face of the second.
• Size caps: generated grids are capped by optics.MAX_GRID (4096); supplied fields/PSFs/apertures by optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS (2^24); ABCD element chains by optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS (1024); Zernike by MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS (512) / MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER (40) / MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS (2^25). This closes, fail-closed, the paths where a small argument triggers a huge internal allocation (measured: n_max=40 × 4096² needs 108 GB).
• Physically impossible states are refused too: a Stokes vector with degree of polarisation > 1, negative transmittance, negative intensity, and invalid Zernike indices such as n-|m| odd.
• mv_illumination_practice — 照明の実務知識 — 波長・偏光・点灯方式・外光・安全
• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).
• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.
• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.
• illumination_design_demo — py -3.11 examples/illumination_design_demo.py
• virtual_machine_vision — py -3.11 examples/virtual_machine_vision.py
table as input)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd · spot_diagram
illumination)irradiance_map · illumination_uniformity · defect_contrast · lighting_sweep · illumination_design
*Provenance: illumdesign.py — OPTICS operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.