spad_deadtime_apply — PHOTON `spad` op

• 資料種類:countrate → countrate

• 呼叫:import photoncount; photoncount.spad_deadtime_apply(rate_hz, dead_time_ns=50.0, paralyzable=False)(或 opsphoton.get("spad_deadtime_apply"))

用偵測器的死時間扭曲真實光子率(計數遺失)。

> 以下的詳細說明為原文 —— 摘要與標題已翻譯。

After every detection a SPAD is blind for a recharge (dead) time `tau`, so

the *measured* rate `m is always below the *true* incident rate n`.

Two classical laws, and this op implements both:

• non-paralysable (default) — an arriving photon during the dead time is

simply lost: `m = n / (1 + n*tau). Monotonic, saturating at 1/tau`.

• paralysable (`paralyzable=True`) — an arriving photon *restarts* the

dead time: `m = n * exp(-n*tau). This law **peaks** at n = 1/tau`

(where `m = 1/(e*tau)`) and then falls, so a bright scene can read

*darker* than a dim one. That is why no inverse op exists for it (see

:func:spad_deadtime_correct).

*rate_hz* is a 1-D array of true rates in counts per second; *dead_time_ns*

is the dead time in nanoseconds, defaulting to 50 — the middle of the

10-100 ns range a passively quenched SPAD occupies, and a placeholder to be

replaced by the datasheet value, never a measurement of your detector.

Returns the measured rates as a float64 1-D array of the same length.

Ground truth (pinned in the tests): at `n = 1/tau` the non-paralysable law

gives exactly `n/2`; the paralysable law's maximum is exactly

`1/(e*tau) at n = 1/tau; both reduce to m = n as n*tau -> 0`.

Raises `ValueError`: negative, non-finite or non-1-D *rate_hz*, a

non-positive *dead_time_ns*, and a non-bool *paralyzable*.

• 範例資料目錄(下載 URL / 授權) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有領域)加合成圖,3-D 給出真實資料源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下載 URL。

• 運算子來歷與參考文獻 —— 該運算子族所依據的研究/方法出處。

• 演算法的正典(作者・年份)與用途見上面的族使用指南。

• photon_timeresolved — py -3.11 examples/photon_timeresolved.py

*Provenance: photoncount.py — PHOTON 運算子登記表。本條目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自動產生(請勿手動編輯)。*

spad_deadtime_apply — PHOTON spad op