lensglobal op• Data kinds: table → table
• Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.lens_substitute_glasses(system=None, catalog=None, k: 'int' = 1, metric: 'str' = 'nd_vd', tolerance: 'float' = 0.05) -> 'dict' (to call the implementation directly, import lensglobal; lensglobal.lens_substitute_glasses(system=None, catalog=None, k: 'int' = 1, metric: 'str' = 'nd_vd', tolerance: 'float' = 0.05) -> 'dict'; from the registry, opsoptics.get("lens_substitute_glasses"))
Replace the model glasses (n_d, V_d) of a system by the k-th nearest catalogue glass (table).
Every surface whose medium is a model glass (an (nd, vd) pair or a raytrace.glass dict) is replaced by the *k*-th nearest catalogue glass (k=1 the nearest; see glass_nearest for the distance and the *metric*). Air, plain indices and glasses that are already named are kept. The result is rebuilt through raytrace.lens_system; a last surface with t None is refocused on the new glass. Returns {"system", "table", "n_substituted", "n_kept", "metric", "k", "tolerance"}; each table row is {"surface", "model_nd", "model_vd", "glass", "nd", "vd", "PgF", "distance", "rank", "d_nd", "d_vd"}.
Fail-closed: a model glass whose k-th neighbour is farther than *tolerance* (in the distance of the metric) raises ValueError naming the surface; nothing is swapped partially. The input is not modified. None uses a crown/flint pair as the example.
Example::
r = lens_substitute_glasses(sys_with_model_glasses)
[(row["surface"], row["glass"], row["distance"]) for row in r["table"]]
Every optics op validates its input before computing (nothing slips through silently):
• Units are baked into the argument name — _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad. Confusing mm with µm does not crash; it yields a plausible-looking wrong answer, so the name prevents it. Nothing here guesses the unit from the magnitude.
• Strings raise ValueError — float('50') succeeds, so an unparsed configuration value would slip through as a length (measured: thin_lens('50', '200') returned a plausible 66.667 mm). bool is refused too, as the implicit promotion True == 1.
• complex / masked arrays raise ValueError (real-valued slots only; silently dropping the imaginary part or peeling off the mask is refused). NaN/Inf raises ValueError on every input.
• Division by zero and its relatives are refused by name: focal length 0, radius of curvature 0, refractive index <= 0, a fully opaque aperture (all zeros, so the normalisation is 0/0), a PSF whose sum is <= 0, a Stokes vector with S0 = 0, and an object sitting at the front focal point (the image is at infinity).
• Only two ops return a non-finite value, and both state it as a contract: depth_of_field returns far_mm = inf beyond the hyperfocal distance (that is what the hyperfocal distance means), and gaussian_beam returns wavefront_radius_mm = inf at the waist (the radius of curvature of a plane wavefront). Both also return a finite companion (far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm). Any other silent NaN/Inf is detected internally and raises ValueError — "float64 overflowed" and "the answer is infinite" are different claims, so the first is never returned wearing the face of the second.
• Size caps: generated grids are capped by optics.MAX_GRID (4096); supplied fields/PSFs/apertures by optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS (2^24); ABCD element chains by optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS (1024); Zernike by MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS (512) / MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER (40) / MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS (2^25). This closes, fail-closed, the paths where a small argument triggers a huge internal allocation (measured: n_max=40 × 4096² needs 108 GB).
• Physically impossible states are refused too: a Stokes vector with degree of polarisation > 1, negative transmittance, negative intensity, and invalid Zernike indices such as n-|m| odd.
• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).
• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.
• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.
• poc_lens_global_search — py -3.11 examples/poc_lens_global_search.py
table as input)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
lensglobal)glass_nearest · lens_global_search
*Provenance: lensglobal.py — OPTICS operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.