lensrender op• 資料種類:table → table
• 呼叫: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.render_ghost_overlay(system, scene=None, light_xy_mm=None, distance_mm=1000.0, intensity_W_sr_nm=1.0, reflectance=0.04, sensor=None, wavelengths=None, exposure_s=0.0001, rings=10, max_ghosts=6, defocus_mm=0.0, focus_mm=None, base_electrons=None, band_nm=None, illuminant=None) -> 'dict'(要直接呼叫實作,import lensrender; lensrender.render_ghost_overlay(system, scene=None, light_xy_mm=None, distance_mm=1000.0, intensity_W_sr_nm=1.0, reflectance=0.04, sensor=None, wavelengths=None, exposure_s=0.0001, rings=10, max_ghosts=6, defocus_mm=0.0, focus_mm=None, base_electrons=None, band_nm=None, illuminant=None) -> 'dict';從台帳取用則 opsoptics.get("render_ghost_overlay"))
• GPU:無(僅 CPU 參考實作)
明亮點光源的二次反射鬼影,以感測器上的電子數表示 -> 字典。
> 以下的詳細說明為原文 —— 摘要與標題已翻譯。
The point is the scene's first source or, with *light_xy_mm* (x, y), a source at *distance_mm* in front of the lens with spectral intensity *intensity_W_sr_nm*. raytrace3d.ghost_analysis gives, for every pair of refracting surfaces, the ghost's energy relative to the image (R_i R_j times the transmittances along its path, *reflectance* being one value for all surfaces, or a raytrace3d coating spec) and the share of rays that reach the sensor; ghost_path gives the real rays of the strongest *max_ghosts* ghosts, which are spread over the pixels with the power I Omega T energy_ratio of the point. A reflectance of 0 gives an overlay that is exactly zero. The table has overlay_electrons (H, W), electrons_with_ghosts (when *base_electrons*, e.g. a render's electrons_mean, is given), image_electrons (the point's own image, for the ratio), ghosts (one row per ghost: surfaces i, j, energy_ratio, reach_fraction, power_ratio = their product, the footprint centroid in pixels (row, col) and its radius, and the offset from the main image in pixels), main_image_px and wavelengths_um. The point must be on or off the axis of an axisymmetric system; the sensor plane follows *defocus_mm* / *focus_mm* as in the render.
optics 的每個運算子都先檢驗輸入再計算(不讓任何東西無聲通過):
• 單位寫進參數名 —— _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad。把 mm 和 µm 弄混不會當掉,而是給出「看似合理卻是錯的答案」,所以用命名來防。這裡絕不從數值大小去猜單位。
• 字串一律 ValueError —— float('50') 會成功,於是未解析的設定值會被當成長度混進來(實測:thin_lens('50', '200') 曾回傳看似合理的 66.667 mm)。bool 也按 True == 1 的隱式提升拒絕。
• complex / masked array 一律 ValueError(僅接受實數槽位;拒絕無聲丟棄虛部或剝掉遮罩)。所有輸入中的 NaN/Inf 一律 ValueError。
• 逐項點名拒絕除零及其近親:焦距 0、曲率半徑 0、折射率 <= 0、全不透明光闌(全為 0,正規化變成 0/0)、總和 <= 0 的 PSF、S0 = 0 的 Stokes 向量、物體位於前焦點(像在無窮遠)。
• 只有兩個運算子會回傳非有限值,而且都寫進了契約:depth_of_field 在超焦距以外回傳 far_mm = inf(這正是超焦距的定義),gaussian_beam 在束腰處回傳 wavefront_radius_mm = inf(平面波前的曲率半徑)。兩者都同時回傳一個有限的夥伴(far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm)。除此之外的無聲 NaN/Inf 都在內部檢出並 ValueError ——「float64 溢位了」和「答案是無窮大」是兩種不同的主張,不能拿後者的臉去交付前者。
• 尺寸上限:生成網格受 optics.MAX_GRID(4096)限制,傳入的場/PSF/光闌受 optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS(2^24),ABCD 元件序列受 optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS(1024),Zernike 受 MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS(512)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER(40)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS(2^25)。以 fail-closed 堵住「小參數引發巨大內部配置」的路徑(實測:n_max=40 × 4096² 需要 108 GB)。
• 物理上不可能的狀態同樣拒絕:偏振度 > 1 的 Stokes 向量、負穿透率、負強度、n-|m| 為奇數等非法 Zernike 指標。
• 範例資料目錄(下載 URL / 授權) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有領域)加合成圖,3-D 給出真實資料源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下載 URL。
• 運算子來歷與參考文獻 —— 該運算子族所依據的研究/方法出處。
• 演算法的正典(作者、年份)與用途見上面的族使用指南。
• poc_photograph_through_prescription — py -3.11 examples/poc_photograph_through_prescription.py
table 作為輸入)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
lensrender)lens_scene · exit_pupil_samples · trace_sensor_rays · scene_radiance · render_scene_through_lens · bokeh_shape · render_compare_prescriptions
*Provenance: lensrender.py — OPTICS 運算子登記表。本條目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自動產生(請勿手動編輯)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.