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sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import logging
  4import re
  5import typing as t
  6
  7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  8from sqlglot._typing import E
  9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
 10    Dialect,
 11    datestrtodate_sql,
 12    format_time_lambda,
 13    inline_array_sql,
 14    max_or_greatest,
 15    min_or_least,
 16    no_ilike_sql,
 17    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
 18    rename_func,
 19    timestrtotime_sql,
 20    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
 21)
 22from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
 23from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 24
 25logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
 26
 27
 28def _date_add_sql(
 29    data_type: str, kind: str
 30) -> t.Callable[[generator.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
 31    def func(self, expression):
 32        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 33        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
 34        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
 35        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression, unit=unit)
 36        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
 37
 38    return func
 39
 40
 41def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 42    if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 43        return self.values_sql(expression)
 44
 45    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 46
 47    structs = [
 48        exp.Struct(
 49            expressions=[
 50                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
 51                for value, column_name in zip(
 52                    t.expressions,
 53                    alias.columns
 54                    if alias and alias.columns
 55                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
 56                )
 57            ]
 58        )
 59        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
 60    ]
 61
 62    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
 63
 64
 65def _returnsproperty_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
 66    this = expression.this
 67    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
 68        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
 69    else:
 70        this = self.sql(this)
 71    return f"RETURNS {this}"
 72
 73
 74def _create_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
 75    kind = expression.args["kind"]
 76    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 77    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
 78        expression = expression.copy()
 79        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
 80        if isinstance(
 81            expression.expression,
 82            (
 83                exp.Subquery,
 84                exp.Literal,
 85            ),
 86        ):
 87            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
 88
 89        return self.create_sql(expression)
 90
 91    return self.create_sql(expression)
 92
 93
 94def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 95    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
 96
 97    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
 98    """
 99    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
100        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
101            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)) and unnest.alias:
102                for select in expression.selects:
103                    for column in select.find_all(exp.Column):
104                        if column.table == unnest.alias:
105                            column.set("table", None)
106
107    return expression
108
109
110# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
111# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
112# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
113# SELECT y + 1 z
114# FROM x
115# GROUP BY x + 1
116# ORDER by z
117def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
118    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
119        group = expression.args.get("group")
120        order = expression.args.get("order")
121
122        if group and order:
123            aliases = {
124                select.this: select.args["alias"]
125                for select in expression.selects
126                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
127            }
128
129            for e in group.expressions:
130                alias = aliases.get(e)
131
132                if alias:
133                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
134
135    return expression
136
137
138def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
139    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
140    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
141        cte_query = expression.this
142
143        if cte_query.is_star:
144            logger.warning(
145                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
146                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
147            )
148            return expression
149
150        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
151        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
152
153        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
154            to_replace = select
155
156            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
157                select = select.this
158
159            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
160            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
161
162    return expression
163
164
165class BigQuery(Dialect):
166    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
167
168    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
169    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
170
171    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
172    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
173
174    TIME_MAPPING = {
175        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
176    }
177
178    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
179        "DD": "%d",
180        "MM": "%m",
181        "MON": "%b",
182        "MONTH": "%B",
183        "YYYY": "%Y",
184        "YY": "%y",
185        "HH": "%I",
186        "HH12": "%I",
187        "HH24": "%H",
188        "MI": "%M",
189        "SS": "%S",
190        "SSSSS": "%f",
191        "TZH": "%z",
192    }
193
194    @classmethod
195    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
196        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
197        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
198        # not they're qualified.
199        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
200            parent = expression.parent
201
202            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
203                parent = parent.parent
204
205            if not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db) and not expression.meta.get(
206                "is_table"
207            ):
208                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
209
210        return expression
211
212    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
213        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
214        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
215        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
216        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
217
218        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
219
220        BYTE_STRINGS = [
221            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
222        ]
223
224        RAW_STRINGS = [
225            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
226        ]
227
228        KEYWORDS = {
229            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
230            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
231            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
232            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
233            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
234            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
235            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
236            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
237            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
238            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
239            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
240            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
241            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
242        }
243        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
244
245    class Parser(parser.Parser):
246        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
247
248        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
249        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
250
251        FUNCTIONS = {
252            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
253            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
254            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
255            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
256                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
257                this=seq_get(args, 0),
258            ),
259            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
260            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
261            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
262            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
263            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
264                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
265            ),
266            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")(
267                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
268            ),
269            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
270            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
271                this=seq_get(args, 0),
272                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
273                position=seq_get(args, 2),
274                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
275                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
276                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
277                else None,
278            ),
279            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
280                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
281                this=seq_get(args, 0),
282                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
283            ),
284            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
285            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
286            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
287            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
288            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
289        }
290
291        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
292            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
293            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
294        }
295        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
296
297        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
298            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
299            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
300        }
301
302        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
303            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
304            TokenType.TABLE,
305        }
306
307        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
308            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
309            TokenType.VALUES,
310        }
311
312        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
313            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
314            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
315                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
316            ),
317            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
318        }
319
320        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
321            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
322            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
323        }
324
325        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
326            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
327
328            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
329            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
330                table_name = this.name
331                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
332                    self._advance(2)
333                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
334
335                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
336
337            return this
338
339        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
340            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
341            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
342                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
343                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
344                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
345                )
346
347                if rest and this:
348                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
349
350                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
351
352            return table
353
354    class Generator(generator.Generator):
355        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
356        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
357        JOIN_HINTS = False
358        TABLE_HINTS = False
359        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
360        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
361
362        TRANSFORMS = {
363            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
364            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
365            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
366            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
367            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
368            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
369            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
370            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
371            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
372            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
373            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
374            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
375            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
376            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
377            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
378            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
379            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
380            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
381            exp.Min: min_or_least,
382            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
383                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
384                e.this,
385                e.expression,
386                e.args.get("position"),
387                e.args.get("occurrence"),
388            ),
389            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
390            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
391                [
392                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
393                    _unqualify_unnest,
394                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
395                    _alias_ordered_group,
396                ]
397            ),
398            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
399            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_TIMESTAMP({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
400            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
401            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
402            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
403            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
404            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
405            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
406            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
407            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
408            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
409            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
410            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
411            exp.Create: _create_sql,
412            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
413            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
414            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
415            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
416        }
417
418        TYPE_MAPPING = {
419            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
420            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
421            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
422            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
423            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
424            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
425            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
426            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
427            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
428            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
429            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
430            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
431            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
432            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
433            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
434            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
435            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
436            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
437            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
438            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
439            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
440        }
441
442        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
443            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
444            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
445            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
446        }
447
448        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
449        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
450            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
451            "all",
452            "and",
453            "any",
454            "array",
455            "as",
456            "asc",
457            "assert_rows_modified",
458            "at",
459            "between",
460            "by",
461            "case",
462            "cast",
463            "collate",
464            "contains",
465            "create",
466            "cross",
467            "cube",
468            "current",
469            "default",
470            "define",
471            "desc",
472            "distinct",
473            "else",
474            "end",
475            "enum",
476            "escape",
477            "except",
478            "exclude",
479            "exists",
480            "extract",
481            "false",
482            "fetch",
483            "following",
484            "for",
485            "from",
486            "full",
487            "group",
488            "grouping",
489            "groups",
490            "hash",
491            "having",
492            "if",
493            "ignore",
494            "in",
495            "inner",
496            "intersect",
497            "interval",
498            "into",
499            "is",
500            "join",
501            "lateral",
502            "left",
503            "like",
504            "limit",
505            "lookup",
506            "merge",
507            "natural",
508            "new",
509            "no",
510            "not",
511            "null",
512            "nulls",
513            "of",
514            "on",
515            "or",
516            "order",
517            "outer",
518            "over",
519            "partition",
520            "preceding",
521            "proto",
522            "qualify",
523            "range",
524            "recursive",
525            "respect",
526            "right",
527            "rollup",
528            "rows",
529            "select",
530            "set",
531            "some",
532            "struct",
533            "tablesample",
534            "then",
535            "to",
536            "treat",
537            "true",
538            "unbounded",
539            "union",
540            "unnest",
541            "using",
542            "when",
543            "where",
544            "window",
545            "with",
546            "within",
547        }
548
549        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
550            if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Cast):
551                return self.func(
552                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
553                )
554            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
555
556        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
557            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
558
559        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
560            if expression.alias_column_names:
561                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
562            return super().cte_sql(expression)
563
564        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
565            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
566            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
567                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
568
569            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
570
571        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
572            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
573
574        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
575            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
576
577        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
578            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
579
580        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
581            return self.sql(expression)
582
583        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
584            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
585                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
586            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
587
588        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
589            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
590                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
591            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
592
593        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
594            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
166class BigQuery(Dialect):
167    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
168
169    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
170    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
171
172    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
173    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
174
175    TIME_MAPPING = {
176        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
177    }
178
179    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
180        "DD": "%d",
181        "MM": "%m",
182        "MON": "%b",
183        "MONTH": "%B",
184        "YYYY": "%Y",
185        "YY": "%y",
186        "HH": "%I",
187        "HH12": "%I",
188        "HH24": "%H",
189        "MI": "%M",
190        "SS": "%S",
191        "SSSSS": "%f",
192        "TZH": "%z",
193    }
194
195    @classmethod
196    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
197        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
198        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
199        # not they're qualified.
200        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
201            parent = expression.parent
202
203            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
204                parent = parent.parent
205
206            if not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db) and not expression.meta.get(
207                "is_table"
208            ):
209                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
210
211        return expression
212
213    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
214        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
215        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
216        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
217        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
218
219        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
220
221        BYTE_STRINGS = [
222            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
223        ]
224
225        RAW_STRINGS = [
226            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
227        ]
228
229        KEYWORDS = {
230            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
231            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
232            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
233            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
234            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
235            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
236            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
237            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
238            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
239            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
240            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
241            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
242            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
243        }
244        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
245
246    class Parser(parser.Parser):
247        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
248
249        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
250        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
251
252        FUNCTIONS = {
253            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
254            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
255            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
256            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
257                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
258                this=seq_get(args, 0),
259            ),
260            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
261            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
262            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
263            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
264            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
265                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
266            ),
267            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")(
268                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
269            ),
270            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
271            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
272                this=seq_get(args, 0),
273                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
274                position=seq_get(args, 2),
275                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
276                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
277                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
278                else None,
279            ),
280            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
281                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
282                this=seq_get(args, 0),
283                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
284            ),
285            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
286            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
287            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
288            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
289            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
290        }
291
292        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
293            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
294            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
295        }
296        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
297
298        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
299            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
300            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
301        }
302
303        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
304            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
305            TokenType.TABLE,
306        }
307
308        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
309            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
310            TokenType.VALUES,
311        }
312
313        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
314            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
315            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
316                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
317            ),
318            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
319        }
320
321        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
322            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
323            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
324        }
325
326        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
327            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
328
329            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
330            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
331                table_name = this.name
332                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
333                    self._advance(2)
334                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
335
336                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
337
338            return this
339
340        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
341            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
342            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
343                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
344                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
345                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
346                )
347
348                if rest and this:
349                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
350
351                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
352
353            return table
354
355    class Generator(generator.Generator):
356        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
357        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
358        JOIN_HINTS = False
359        TABLE_HINTS = False
360        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
361        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
362
363        TRANSFORMS = {
364            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
365            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
366            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
367            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
368            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
369            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
370            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
371            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
372            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
373            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
374            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
375            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
376            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
377            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
378            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
379            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
380            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
381            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
382            exp.Min: min_or_least,
383            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
384                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
385                e.this,
386                e.expression,
387                e.args.get("position"),
388                e.args.get("occurrence"),
389            ),
390            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
391            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
392                [
393                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
394                    _unqualify_unnest,
395                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
396                    _alias_ordered_group,
397                ]
398            ),
399            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
400            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_TIMESTAMP({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
401            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
402            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
403            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
404            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
405            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
406            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
407            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
408            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
409            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
410            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
411            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
412            exp.Create: _create_sql,
413            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
414            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
415            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
416            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
417        }
418
419        TYPE_MAPPING = {
420            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
421            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
422            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
423            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
424            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
425            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
426            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
427            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
428            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
429            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
430            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
431            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
432            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
433            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
434            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
435            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
436            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
437            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
438            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
439            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
440            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
441        }
442
443        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
444            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
445            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
446            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
447        }
448
449        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
450        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
451            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
452            "all",
453            "and",
454            "any",
455            "array",
456            "as",
457            "asc",
458            "assert_rows_modified",
459            "at",
460            "between",
461            "by",
462            "case",
463            "cast",
464            "collate",
465            "contains",
466            "create",
467            "cross",
468            "cube",
469            "current",
470            "default",
471            "define",
472            "desc",
473            "distinct",
474            "else",
475            "end",
476            "enum",
477            "escape",
478            "except",
479            "exclude",
480            "exists",
481            "extract",
482            "false",
483            "fetch",
484            "following",
485            "for",
486            "from",
487            "full",
488            "group",
489            "grouping",
490            "groups",
491            "hash",
492            "having",
493            "if",
494            "ignore",
495            "in",
496            "inner",
497            "intersect",
498            "interval",
499            "into",
500            "is",
501            "join",
502            "lateral",
503            "left",
504            "like",
505            "limit",
506            "lookup",
507            "merge",
508            "natural",
509            "new",
510            "no",
511            "not",
512            "null",
513            "nulls",
514            "of",
515            "on",
516            "or",
517            "order",
518            "outer",
519            "over",
520            "partition",
521            "preceding",
522            "proto",
523            "qualify",
524            "range",
525            "recursive",
526            "respect",
527            "right",
528            "rollup",
529            "rows",
530            "select",
531            "set",
532            "some",
533            "struct",
534            "tablesample",
535            "then",
536            "to",
537            "treat",
538            "true",
539            "unbounded",
540            "union",
541            "unnest",
542            "using",
543            "when",
544            "where",
545            "window",
546            "with",
547            "within",
548        }
549
550        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
551            if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Cast):
552                return self.func(
553                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
554                )
555            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
556
557        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
558            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
559
560        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
561            if expression.alias_column_names:
562                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
563            return super().cte_sql(expression)
564
565        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
566            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
567            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
568                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
569
570            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
571
572        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
573            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
574
575        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
576            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
577
578        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
579            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
580
581        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
582            return self.sql(expression)
583
584        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
585            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
586                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
587            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
588
589        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
590            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
591                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
592            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
593
594        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
595            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E:
195    @classmethod
196    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
197        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
198        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
199        # not they're qualified.
200        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
201            parent = expression.parent
202
203            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
204                parent = parent.parent
205
206            if not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db) and not expression.meta.get(
207                "is_table"
208            ):
209                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
210
211        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"
RAW_START = "r'"
RAW_END = "'"
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
213    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
214        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
215        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
216        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
217        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
218
219        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
220
221        BYTE_STRINGS = [
222            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
223        ]
224
225        RAW_STRINGS = [
226            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
227        ]
228
229        KEYWORDS = {
230            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
231            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
232            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
233            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
234            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
235            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
236            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
237            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
238            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
239            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
240            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
241            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
242            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
243        }
244        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'IF': <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NEXT VALUE FOR': <TokenType.NEXT_VALUE_FOR: 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}
class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
246    class Parser(parser.Parser):
247        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
248
249        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
250        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
251
252        FUNCTIONS = {
253            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
254            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
255            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
256            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
257                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
258                this=seq_get(args, 0),
259            ),
260            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
261            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
262            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
263            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
264            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
265                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
266            ),
267            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")(
268                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
269            ),
270            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
271            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
272                this=seq_get(args, 0),
273                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
274                position=seq_get(args, 2),
275                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
276                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
277                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
278                else None,
279            ),
280            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
281                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
282                this=seq_get(args, 0),
283                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
284            ),
285            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
286            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
287            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
288            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
289            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
290        }
291
292        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
293            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
294            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
295        }
296        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
297
298        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
299            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
300            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
301        }
302
303        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
304            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
305            TokenType.TABLE,
306        }
307
308        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
309            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
310            TokenType.VALUES,
311        }
312
313        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
314            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
315            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
316                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
317            ),
318            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
319        }
320
321        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
322            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
323            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
324        }
325
326        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
327            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
328
329            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
330            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
331                table_name = this.name
332                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
333                    self._advance(2)
334                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
335
336                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
337
338            return this
339
340        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
341            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
342            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
343                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
344                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
345                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
346                )
347
348                if rest and this:
349                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
350
351                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
352
353            return table

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
355    class Generator(generator.Generator):
356        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
357        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
358        JOIN_HINTS = False
359        TABLE_HINTS = False
360        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
361        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
362
363        TRANSFORMS = {
364            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
365            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
366            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
367            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
368            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
369            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
370            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
371            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
372            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
373            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
374            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
375            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
376            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
377            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
378            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
379            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
380            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
381            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
382            exp.Min: min_or_least,
383            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
384                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
385                e.this,
386                e.expression,
387                e.args.get("position"),
388                e.args.get("occurrence"),
389            ),
390            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
391            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
392                [
393                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
394                    _unqualify_unnest,
395                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
396                    _alias_ordered_group,
397                ]
398            ),
399            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
400            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_TIMESTAMP({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
401            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
402            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
403            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
404            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
405            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
406            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
407            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
408            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
409            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
410            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
411            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
412            exp.Create: _create_sql,
413            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
414            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
415            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
416            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
417        }
418
419        TYPE_MAPPING = {
420            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
421            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
422            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
423            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
424            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
425            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
426            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
427            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
428            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
429            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
430            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
431            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
432            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
433            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
434            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
435            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
436            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
437            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
438            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
439            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
440            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
441        }
442
443        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
444            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
445            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
446            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
447        }
448
449        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
450        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
451            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
452            "all",
453            "and",
454            "any",
455            "array",
456            "as",
457            "asc",
458            "assert_rows_modified",
459            "at",
460            "between",
461            "by",
462            "case",
463            "cast",
464            "collate",
465            "contains",
466            "create",
467            "cross",
468            "cube",
469            "current",
470            "default",
471            "define",
472            "desc",
473            "distinct",
474            "else",
475            "end",
476            "enum",
477            "escape",
478            "except",
479            "exclude",
480            "exists",
481            "extract",
482            "false",
483            "fetch",
484            "following",
485            "for",
486            "from",
487            "full",
488            "group",
489            "grouping",
490            "groups",
491            "hash",
492            "having",
493            "if",
494            "ignore",
495            "in",
496            "inner",
497            "intersect",
498            "interval",
499            "into",
500            "is",
501            "join",
502            "lateral",
503            "left",
504            "like",
505            "limit",
506            "lookup",
507            "merge",
508            "natural",
509            "new",
510            "no",
511            "not",
512            "null",
513            "nulls",
514            "of",
515            "on",
516            "or",
517            "order",
518            "outer",
519            "over",
520            "partition",
521            "preceding",
522            "proto",
523            "qualify",
524            "range",
525            "recursive",
526            "respect",
527            "right",
528            "rollup",
529            "rows",
530            "select",
531            "set",
532            "some",
533            "struct",
534            "tablesample",
535            "then",
536            "to",
537            "treat",
538            "true",
539            "unbounded",
540            "union",
541            "unnest",
542            "using",
543            "when",
544            "where",
545            "window",
546            "with",
547            "within",
548        }
549
550        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
551            if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Cast):
552                return self.func(
553                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
554                )
555            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
556
557        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
558            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
559
560        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
561            if expression.alias_column_names:
562                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
563            return super().cte_sql(expression)
564
565        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
566            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
567            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
568                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
569
570            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
571
572        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
573            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
574
575        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
576            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
577
578        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
579            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
580
581        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
582            return self.sql(expression)
583
584        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
585            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
586                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
587            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
588
589        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
590            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
591                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
592            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
593
594        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
595            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'asc', 'exists', 'any', 'cube', 'for', 'recursive', 'unbounded', 'hash', 'is', 'select', 'all', 'group', 'struct', 'lookup', 'collate', 'natural', 'with', 'not', 'join', 'treat', 'exclude', 'tablesample', 'lateral', 'default', 'nulls', 'new', 'limit', 'enum', 'define', 'preceding', 'between', 'rollup', 'cast', 'false', 'escape', 'extract', 'following', 'else', 'no', 'fetch', 'if', 'over', 'assert_rows_modified', 'some', 'on', 'array', 'and', 'order', 'to', 'interval', 'proto', 'of', 'when', 'like', 'except', 'qualify', 'within', 'in', 'unnest', 'or', 'having', 'ignore', 'window', 'cross', 'into', 'rows', 'range', 'where', 'merge', 'create', 'desc', 'right', 'full', 'respect', 'intersect', 'true', 'set', 'as', 'partition', 'outer', 'left', 'then', 'using', 'null', 'by', 'case', 'union', 'current', 'from', 'groups', 'at', 'contains', 'distinct', 'grouping', 'inner', 'end'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str:
550        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
551            if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Cast):
552                return self.func(
553                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
554                )
555            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
557        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
558            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str:
560        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
561            if expression.alias_column_names:
562                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
563            return super().cte_sql(expression)
def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str:
565        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
566            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
567            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
568                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
569
570            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
572        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
573            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
575        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
576            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
578        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
579            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
581        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
582            return self.sql(expression)
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
584        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
585            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
586                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
587            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
589        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
590            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
591                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
592            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
594        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
595            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
247    @classmethod
248    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
249        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
250
251        Args:
252            text: The text to check.
253            identify:
254                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
255                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
256
257        Returns:
258            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
259        """
260        if identify is True or identify == "always":
261            return True
262
263        if identify == "safe":
264            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
265
266        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

Arguments:
  • text: The text to check.
  • identify: "always" or True: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
Returns:

Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
STRING_ESCAPE = '\\'
IDENTIFIER_ESCAPE = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
RAW_START: Optional[str] = "r'"
RAW_END: Optional[str] = "'"
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
SELECT_KINDS
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
INDEX_OFFSET
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
NULL_ORDERING
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
column_sql
columnposition_sql
columndef_sql
columnconstraint_sql
autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
compresscolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
createable_sql
create_sql
clone_sql
describe_sql
prepend_ctes
with_sql
tablealias_sql
bitstring_sql
hexstring_sql
bytestring_sql
rawstring_sql
datatypesize_sql
datatype_sql
directory_sql
delete_sql
drop_sql
except_sql
fetch_sql
filter_sql
hint_sql
index_sql
identifier_sql
inputoutputformat_sql
national_sql
partition_sql
properties_sql
root_properties
properties
locate_properties
property_sql
likeproperty_sql
fallbackproperty_sql
journalproperty_sql
freespaceproperty_sql
checksumproperty_sql
mergeblockratioproperty_sql
datablocksizeproperty_sql
blockcompressionproperty_sql
isolatedloadingproperty_sql
lockingproperty_sql
withdataproperty_sql
insert_sql
intersect_sql
introducer_sql
pseudotype_sql
onconflict_sql
returning_sql
rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
withtablehint_sql
indextablehint_sql
table_sql
tablesample_sql
pivot_sql
tuple_sql
update_sql
values_sql
var_sql
into_sql
from_sql
group_sql
having_sql
join_sql
lambda_sql
lateral_sql
limit_sql
offset_sql
setitem_sql
set_sql
pragma_sql
lock_sql
literal_sql
escape_str
loaddata_sql
null_sql
boolean_sql
order_sql
cluster_sql
distribute_sql
sort_sql
ordered_sql
matchrecognize_sql
query_modifiers
offset_limit_modifiers
after_having_modifiers
after_limit_modifiers
select_sql
schema_sql
schema_columns_sql
star_sql
parameter_sql
sessionparameter_sql
placeholder_sql
subquery_sql
qualify_sql
union_sql
union_op
unnest_sql
where_sql
window_sql
partition_by_sql
windowspec_sql
withingroup_sql
between_sql
bracket_sql
safebracket_sql
all_sql
any_sql
exists_sql
case_sql
constraint_sql
nextvaluefor_sql
extract_sql
trim_sql
safeconcat_sql
check_sql
foreignkey_sql
primarykey_sql
if_sql
matchagainst_sql
jsonkeyvalue_sql
jsonobject_sql
openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
interval_sql
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
aliases_sql
add_sql
and_sql
connector_sql
bitwiseand_sql
bitwiseleftshift_sql
bitwisenot_sql
bitwiseor_sql
bitwiserightshift_sql
bitwisexor_sql
cast_sql
currentdate_sql
collate_sql
command_sql
comment_sql
mergetreettlaction_sql
mergetreettl_sql
altercolumn_sql
renametable_sql
altertable_sql
droppartition_sql
addconstraint_sql
distinct_sql
ignorenulls_sql
respectnulls_sql
intdiv_sql
dpipe_sql
safedpipe_sql
div_sql
overlaps_sql
distance_sql
dot_sql
eq_sql
escape_sql
glob_sql
gt_sql
gte_sql
ilike_sql
ilikeany_sql
is_sql
like_sql
likeany_sql
similarto_sql
lt_sql
lte_sql
mod_sql
mul_sql
neq_sql
nullsafeeq_sql
nullsafeneq_sql
or_sql
slice_sql
sub_sql
use_sql
binary
function_fallback_sql
func
format_args
text_width
format_time
expressions
op_expressions
naked_property
set_operation
tag_sql
token_sql
userdefinedfunction_sql
joinhint_sql
kwarg_sql
when_sql
merge_sql
tochar_sql
dictproperty_sql
dictrange_sql
dictsubproperty_sql
oncluster_sql
clusteredbyproperty_sql
anyvalue_sql