Directory structure:
└── modelcontextprotocol-python-sdk/
    ├── README.md
    ├── CLAUDE.md
    ├── CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
    ├── CONTRIBUTING.md
    ├── LICENSE
    ├── RELEASE.md
    ├── SECURITY.md
    ├── pyproject.toml
    ├── uv.lock
    ├── .git-blame-ignore-revs
    ├── .pre-commit-config.yaml
    ├── .python-version
    ├── examples/
    │   ├── README.md
    │   ├── clients/
    │   │   └── simple-chatbot/
    │   │       ├── README.MD
    │   │       ├── pyproject.toml
    │   │       ├── uv.lock
    │   │       ├── .python-version
    │   │       └── mcp_simple_chatbot/
    │   │           ├── main.py
    │   │           ├── requirements.txt
    │   │           ├── servers_config.json
    │   │           ├── test.db
    │   │           └── .env.example
    │   ├── fastmcp/
    │   │   ├── complex_inputs.py
    │   │   ├── desktop.py
    │   │   ├── echo.py
    │   │   ├── memory.py
    │   │   ├── parameter_descriptions.py
    │   │   ├── readme-quickstart.py
    │   │   ├── screenshot.py
    │   │   ├── simple_echo.py
    │   │   ├── text_me.py
    │   │   └── unicode_example.py
    │   └── servers/
    │       ├── simple-prompt/
    │       │   ├── README.md
    │       │   ├── pyproject.toml
    │       │   ├── .python-version
    │       │   └── mcp_simple_prompt/
    │       │       ├── __init__.py
    │       │       ├── __main__.py
    │       │       └── server.py
    │       ├── simple-resource/
    │       │   ├── README.md
    │       │   ├── pyproject.toml
    │       │   ├── .python-version
    │       │   └── mcp_simple_resource/
    │       │       ├── __init__.py
    │       │       ├── __main__.py
    │       │       └── server.py
    │       └── simple-tool/
    │           ├── README.md
    │           ├── pyproject.toml
    │           ├── .python-version
    │           └── mcp_simple_tool/
    │               ├── __init__.py
    │               ├── __main__.py
    │               └── server.py
    ├── src/
    │   └── mcp/
    │       ├── __init__.py
    │       ├── py.typed
    │       ├── types.py
    │       ├── cli/
    │       │   ├── __init__.py
    │       │   ├── claude.py
    │       │   └── cli.py
    │       ├── client/
    │       │   ├── __init__.py
    │       │   ├── __main__.py
    │       │   ├── session.py
    │       │   ├── sse.py
    │       │   └── stdio.py
    │       ├── server/
    │       │   ├── __init__.py
    │       │   ├── __main__.py
    │       │   ├── models.py
    │       │   ├── session.py
    │       │   ├── sse.py
    │       │   ├── stdio.py
    │       │   ├── websocket.py
    │       │   ├── fastmcp/
    │       │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │       │   │   ├── exceptions.py
    │       │   │   ├── server.py
    │       │   │   ├── prompts/
    │       │   │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │       │   │   │   ├── base.py
    │       │   │   │   ├── manager.py
    │       │   │   │   └── prompt_manager.py
    │       │   │   ├── resources/
    │       │   │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │       │   │   │   ├── base.py
    │       │   │   │   ├── resource_manager.py
    │       │   │   │   ├── templates.py
    │       │   │   │   └── types.py
    │       │   │   ├── tools/
    │       │   │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │       │   │   │   ├── base.py
    │       │   │   │   └── tool_manager.py
    │       │   │   └── utilities/
    │       │   │       ├── __init__.py
    │       │   │       ├── func_metadata.py
    │       │   │       ├── logging.py
    │       │   │       └── types.py
    │       │   └── lowlevel/
    │       │       ├── __init__.py
    │       │       ├── helper_types.py
    │       │       └── server.py
    │       └── shared/
    │           ├── __init__.py
    │           ├── context.py
    │           ├── exceptions.py
    │           ├── memory.py
    │           ├── progress.py
    │           ├── session.py
    │           └── version.py
    ├── tests/
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── conftest.py
    │   ├── test_examples.py
    │   ├── test_types.py
    │   ├── client/
    │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │   │   ├── test_config.py
    │   │   ├── test_session.py
    │   │   └── test_stdio.py
    │   ├── issues/
    │   │   ├── test_100_tool_listing.py
    │   │   ├── test_129_resource_templates.py
    │   │   ├── test_141_resource_templates.py
    │   │   ├── test_152_resource_mime_type.py
    │   │   ├── test_176_progress_token.py
    │   │   ├── test_188_concurrency.py
    │   │   ├── test_192_request_id.py
    │   │   └── test_88_random_error.py
    │   ├── server/
    │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │   │   ├── test_lifespan.py
    │   │   ├── test_read_resource.py
    │   │   ├── test_session.py
    │   │   ├── test_stdio.py
    │   │   └── fastmcp/
    │   │       ├── __init__.py
    │   │       ├── test_func_metadata.py
    │   │       ├── test_parameter_descriptions.py
    │   │       ├── test_server.py
    │   │       ├── test_tool_manager.py
    │   │       ├── prompts/
    │   │       │   ├── __init__.py
    │   │       │   ├── test_base.py
    │   │       │   └── test_manager.py
    │   │       ├── resources/
    │   │       │   ├── __init__.py
    │   │       │   ├── test_file_resources.py
    │   │       │   ├── test_function_resources.py
    │   │       │   ├── test_resource_manager.py
    │   │       │   ├── test_resource_template.py
    │   │       │   └── test_resources.py
    │   │       └── servers/
    │   │           ├── __init__.py
    │   │           └── test_file_server.py
    │   └── shared/
    │       ├── test_memory.py
    │       ├── test_session.py
    │       └── test_sse.py
    └── .github/
        ├── ISSUE_TEMPLATE/
        │   ├── bug_report.md
        │   └── feature_request.md
        └── workflows/
            ├── check-lock.yml
            ├── main-checks.yml
            ├── publish-pypi.yml
            ├── pull-request-checks.yml
            └── shared.yml

================================================
File: README.md
================================================
# MCP Python SDK

<div align="center">

<strong>Python implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP)</strong>

[![PyPI][pypi-badge]][pypi-url]
[![MIT licensed][mit-badge]][mit-url]
[![Python Version][python-badge]][python-url]
[![Documentation][docs-badge]][docs-url]
[![Specification][spec-badge]][spec-url]
[![GitHub Discussions][discussions-badge]][discussions-url]

</div>

<!-- omit in toc -->
## Table of Contents

- [Overview](#overview)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Quickstart](#quickstart)
- [What is MCP?](#what-is-mcp)
- [Core Concepts](#core-concepts)
  - [Server](#server)
  - [Resources](#resources)
  - [Tools](#tools)
  - [Prompts](#prompts)
  - [Images](#images)
  - [Context](#context)
- [Running Your Server](#running-your-server)
  - [Development Mode](#development-mode)
  - [Claude Desktop Integration](#claude-desktop-integration)
  - [Direct Execution](#direct-execution)
- [Examples](#examples)
  - [Echo Server](#echo-server)
  - [SQLite Explorer](#sqlite-explorer)
- [Advanced Usage](#advanced-usage)
  - [Low-Level Server](#low-level-server)
  - [Writing MCP Clients](#writing-mcp-clients)
  - [MCP Primitives](#mcp-primitives)
  - [Server Capabilities](#server-capabilities)
- [Documentation](#documentation)
- [Contributing](#contributing)
- [License](#license)

[pypi-badge]: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/mcp.svg
[pypi-url]: https://pypi.org/project/mcp/
[mit-badge]: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/mcp.svg
[mit-url]: https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk/blob/main/LICENSE
[python-badge]: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/mcp.svg
[python-url]: https://www.python.org/downloads/
[docs-badge]: https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-modelcontextprotocol.io-blue.svg
[docs-url]: https://modelcontextprotocol.io
[spec-badge]: https://img.shields.io/badge/spec-spec.modelcontextprotocol.io-blue.svg
[spec-url]: https://spec.modelcontextprotocol.io
[discussions-badge]: https://img.shields.io/github/discussions/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk
[discussions-url]: https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk/discussions

## Overview

The Model Context Protocol allows applications to provide context for LLMs in a standardized way, separating the concerns of providing context from the actual LLM interaction. This Python SDK implements the full MCP specification, making it easy to:

- Build MCP clients that can connect to any MCP server
- Create MCP servers that expose resources, prompts and tools
- Use standard transports like stdio and SSE
- Handle all MCP protocol messages and lifecycle events

## Installation

We recommend using [uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) to manage your Python projects:

```bash
uv add "mcp[cli]"
```

Alternatively:
```bash
pip install mcp
```

## Quickstart

Let's create a simple MCP server that exposes a calculator tool and some data:

```python
# server.py
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Create an MCP server
mcp = FastMCP("Demo")

# Add an addition tool
@mcp.tool()
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    """Add two numbers"""
    return a + b

# Add a dynamic greeting resource
@mcp.resource("greeting://{name}")
def get_greeting(name: str) -> str:
    """Get a personalized greeting"""
    return f"Hello, {name}!"
```

You can install this server in [Claude Desktop](https://claude.ai/download) and interact with it right away by running:
```bash
mcp install server.py
```

Alternatively, you can test it with the MCP Inspector:
```bash
mcp dev server.py
```

## What is MCP?

The [Model Context Protocol (MCP)](https://modelcontextprotocol.io) lets you build servers that expose data and functionality to LLM applications in a secure, standardized way. Think of it like a web API, but specifically designed for LLM interactions. MCP servers can:

- Expose data through **Resources** (think of these sort of like GET endpoints; they are used to load information into the LLM's context)
- Provide functionality through **Tools** (sort of like POST endpoints; they are used to execute code or otherwise produce a side effect)
- Define interaction patterns through **Prompts** (reusable templates for LLM interactions)
- And more!

## Core Concepts

### Server

The FastMCP server is your core interface to the MCP protocol. It handles connection management, protocol compliance, and message routing:

```python
# Add lifespan support for startup/shutdown with strong typing
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import AsyncIterator
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Create a named server
mcp = FastMCP("My App")

# Specify dependencies for deployment and development
mcp = FastMCP("My App", dependencies=["pandas", "numpy"])

@dataclass
class AppContext:
    db: Database  # Replace with your actual DB type

@asynccontextmanager
async def app_lifespan(server: FastMCP) -> AsyncIterator[AppContext]:
    """Manage application lifecycle with type-safe context"""
    try:
        # Initialize on startup
        await db.connect()
        yield AppContext(db=db)
    finally:
        # Cleanup on shutdown
        await db.disconnect()

# Pass lifespan to server
mcp = FastMCP("My App", lifespan=app_lifespan)

# Access type-safe lifespan context in tools
@mcp.tool()
def query_db(ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Tool that uses initialized resources"""
    db = ctx.request_context.lifespan_context["db"]
    return db.query()
```

### Resources

Resources are how you expose data to LLMs. They're similar to GET endpoints in a REST API - they provide data but shouldn't perform significant computation or have side effects:

```python
@mcp.resource("config://app")
def get_config() -> str:
    """Static configuration data"""
    return "App configuration here"

@mcp.resource("users://{user_id}/profile")
def get_user_profile(user_id: str) -> str:
    """Dynamic user data"""
    return f"Profile data for user {user_id}"
```

### Tools

Tools let LLMs take actions through your server. Unlike resources, tools are expected to perform computation and have side effects:

```python
@mcp.tool()
def calculate_bmi(weight_kg: float, height_m: float) -> float:
    """Calculate BMI given weight in kg and height in meters"""
    return weight_kg / (height_m ** 2)

@mcp.tool()
async def fetch_weather(city: str) -> str:
    """Fetch current weather for a city"""
    async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
        response = await client.get(f"https://api.weather.com/{city}")
        return response.text
```

### Prompts

Prompts are reusable templates that help LLMs interact with your server effectively:

```python
@mcp.prompt()
def review_code(code: str) -> str:
    return f"Please review this code:\n\n{code}"

@mcp.prompt()
def debug_error(error: str) -> list[Message]:
    return [
        UserMessage("I'm seeing this error:"),
        UserMessage(error),
        AssistantMessage("I'll help debug that. What have you tried so far?")
    ]
```

### Images

FastMCP provides an `Image` class that automatically handles image data:

```python
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP, Image
from PIL import Image as PILImage

@mcp.tool()
def create_thumbnail(image_path: str) -> Image:
    """Create a thumbnail from an image"""
    img = PILImage.open(image_path)
    img.thumbnail((100, 100))
    return Image(data=img.tobytes(), format="png")
```

### Context

The Context object gives your tools and resources access to MCP capabilities:

```python
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP, Context

@mcp.tool()
async def long_task(files: list[str], ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Process multiple files with progress tracking"""
    for i, file in enumerate(files):
        ctx.info(f"Processing {file}")
        await ctx.report_progress(i, len(files))
        data, mime_type = await ctx.read_resource(f"file://{file}")
    return "Processing complete"
```

## Running Your Server

### Development Mode

The fastest way to test and debug your server is with the MCP Inspector:

```bash
mcp dev server.py

# Add dependencies
mcp dev server.py --with pandas --with numpy

# Mount local code
mcp dev server.py --with-editable .
```

### Claude Desktop Integration

Once your server is ready, install it in Claude Desktop:

```bash
mcp install server.py

# Custom name
mcp install server.py --name "My Analytics Server"

# Environment variables
mcp install server.py -v API_KEY=abc123 -v DB_URL=postgres://...
mcp install server.py -f .env
```

### Direct Execution

For advanced scenarios like custom deployments:

```python
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

mcp = FastMCP("My App")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    mcp.run()
```

Run it with:
```bash
python server.py
# or
mcp run server.py
```

## Examples

### Echo Server

A simple server demonstrating resources, tools, and prompts:

```python
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

mcp = FastMCP("Echo")

@mcp.resource("echo://{message}")
def echo_resource(message: str) -> str:
    """Echo a message as a resource"""
    return f"Resource echo: {message}"

@mcp.tool()
def echo_tool(message: str) -> str:
    """Echo a message as a tool"""
    return f"Tool echo: {message}"

@mcp.prompt()
def echo_prompt(message: str) -> str:
    """Create an echo prompt"""
    return f"Please process this message: {message}"
```

### SQLite Explorer

A more complex example showing database integration:

```python
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
import sqlite3

mcp = FastMCP("SQLite Explorer")

@mcp.resource("schema://main")
def get_schema() -> str:
    """Provide the database schema as a resource"""
    conn = sqlite3.connect("database.db")
    schema = conn.execute(
        "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'"
    ).fetchall()
    return "\n".join(sql[0] for sql in schema if sql[0])

@mcp.tool()
def query_data(sql: str) -> str:
    """Execute SQL queries safely"""
    conn = sqlite3.connect("database.db")
    try:
        result = conn.execute(sql).fetchall()
        return "\n".join(str(row) for row in result)
    except Exception as e:
        return f"Error: {str(e)}"
```

## Advanced Usage

### Low-Level Server

For more control, you can use the low-level server implementation directly. This gives you full access to the protocol and allows you to customize every aspect of your server, including lifecycle management through the lifespan API:

```python
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from typing import AsyncIterator

@asynccontextmanager
async def server_lifespan(server: Server) -> AsyncIterator[dict]:
    """Manage server startup and shutdown lifecycle."""
    try:
        # Initialize resources on startup
        await db.connect()
        yield {"db": db}
    finally:
        # Clean up on shutdown
        await db.disconnect()

# Pass lifespan to server
server = Server("example-server", lifespan=server_lifespan)

# Access lifespan context in handlers
@server.call_tool()
async def query_db(name: str, arguments: dict) -> list:
    ctx = server.request_context
    db = ctx.lifespan_context["db"]
    return await db.query(arguments["query"])
```

The lifespan API provides:
- A way to initialize resources when the server starts and clean them up when it stops
- Access to initialized resources through the request context in handlers
- Type-safe context passing between lifespan and request handlers

```python
from mcp.server.lowlevel import Server, NotificationOptions
from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
import mcp.server.stdio
import mcp.types as types

# Create a server instance
server = Server("example-server")

@server.list_prompts()
async def handle_list_prompts() -> list[types.Prompt]:
    return [
        types.Prompt(
            name="example-prompt",
            description="An example prompt template",
            arguments=[
                types.PromptArgument(
                    name="arg1",
                    description="Example argument",
                    required=True
                )
            ]
        )
    ]

@server.get_prompt()
async def handle_get_prompt(
    name: str,
    arguments: dict[str, str] | None
) -> types.GetPromptResult:
    if name != "example-prompt":
        raise ValueError(f"Unknown prompt: {name}")

    return types.GetPromptResult(
        description="Example prompt",
        messages=[
            types.PromptMessage(
                role="user",
                content=types.TextContent(
                    type="text",
                    text="Example prompt text"
                )
            )
        ]
    )

async def run():
    async with mcp.server.stdio.stdio_server() as (read_stream, write_stream):
        await server.run(
            read_stream,
            write_stream,
            InitializationOptions(
                server_name="example",
                server_version="0.1.0",
                capabilities=server.get_capabilities(
                    notification_options=NotificationOptions(),
                    experimental_capabilities={},
                )
            )
        )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import asyncio
    asyncio.run(run())
```

### Writing MCP Clients

The SDK provides a high-level client interface for connecting to MCP servers:

```python
from mcp import ClientSession, StdioServerParameters
from mcp.client.stdio import stdio_client

# Create server parameters for stdio connection
server_params = StdioServerParameters(
    command="python", # Executable
    args=["example_server.py"], # Optional command line arguments
    env=None # Optional environment variables
)

async def run():
    async with stdio_client(server_params) as (read, write):
        async with ClientSession(read, write) as session:
            # Initialize the connection
            await session.initialize()

            # List available prompts
            prompts = await session.list_prompts()

            # Get a prompt
            prompt = await session.get_prompt("example-prompt", arguments={"arg1": "value"})

            # List available resources
            resources = await session.list_resources()

            # List available tools
            tools = await session.list_tools()

            # Read a resource
            content, mime_type = await session.read_resource("file://some/path")

            # Call a tool
            result = await session.call_tool("tool-name", arguments={"arg1": "value"})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import asyncio
    asyncio.run(run())
```

### MCP Primitives

The MCP protocol defines three core primitives that servers can implement:

| Primitive | Control               | Description                                         | Example Use                  |
|-----------|-----------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------------|
| Prompts   | User-controlled       | Interactive templates invoked by user choice        | Slash commands, menu options |
| Resources | Application-controlled| Contextual data managed by the client application   | File contents, API responses |
| Tools     | Model-controlled      | Functions exposed to the LLM to take actions        | API calls, data updates      |

### Server Capabilities

MCP servers declare capabilities during initialization:

| Capability  | Feature Flag                 | Description                        |
|-------------|------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| `prompts`   | `listChanged`                | Prompt template management         |
| `resources` | `subscribe`<br/>`listChanged`| Resource exposure and updates      |
| `tools`     | `listChanged`                | Tool discovery and execution       |
| `logging`   | -                            | Server logging configuration       |
| `completion`| -                            | Argument completion suggestions    |

## Documentation

- [Model Context Protocol documentation](https://modelcontextprotocol.io)
- [Model Context Protocol specification](https://spec.modelcontextprotocol.io)
- [Officially supported servers](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/servers)

## Contributing

We are passionate about supporting contributors of all levels of experience and would love to see you get involved in the project. See the [contributing guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) to get started.

## License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.


================================================
File: CLAUDE.md
================================================
# Development Guidelines

This document contains critical information about working with this codebase. Follow these guidelines precisely.

## Core Development Rules

1. Package Management
   - ONLY use uv, NEVER pip
   - Installation: `uv add package`
   - Running tools: `uv run tool`
   - Upgrading: `uv add --dev package --upgrade-package package`
   - FORBIDDEN: `uv pip install`, `@latest` syntax

2. Code Quality
   - Type hints required for all code
   - Public APIs must have docstrings
   - Functions must be focused and small
   - Follow existing patterns exactly
   - Line length: 88 chars maximum

3. Testing Requirements
   - Framework: `uv run pytest`
   - Async testing: use anyio, not asyncio
   - Coverage: test edge cases and errors
   - New features require tests
   - Bug fixes require regression tests

- For commits fixing bugs or adding features based on user reports add:
  ```bash
  git commit --trailer "Reported-by:<name>"
  ```
  Where `<name>` is the name of the user.

- For commits related to a Github issue, add
  ```bash
  git commit --trailer "Github-Issue:#<number>"
  ```
- NEVER ever mention a `co-authored-by` or similar aspects. In particular, never
  mention the tool used to create the commit message or PR.

## Pull Requests

- Create a detailed message of what changed. Focus on the high level description of
  the problem it tries to solve, and how it is solved. Don't go into the specifics of the
  code unless it adds clarity.

- Always add `jerome3o-anthropic` and `jspahrsummers` as reviewer.

- NEVER ever mention a `co-authored-by` or similar aspects. In particular, never
  mention the tool used to create the commit message or PR.

## Python Tools

## Code Formatting

1. Ruff
   - Format: `uv run ruff format .`
   - Check: `uv run ruff check .`
   - Fix: `uv run ruff check . --fix`
   - Critical issues:
     - Line length (88 chars)
     - Import sorting (I001)
     - Unused imports
   - Line wrapping:
     - Strings: use parentheses
     - Function calls: multi-line with proper indent
     - Imports: split into multiple lines

2. Type Checking
   - Tool: `uv run pyright`
   - Requirements:
     - Explicit None checks for Optional
     - Type narrowing for strings
     - Version warnings can be ignored if checks pass

3. Pre-commit
   - Config: `.pre-commit-config.yaml`
   - Runs: on git commit
   - Tools: Prettier (YAML/JSON), Ruff (Python)
   - Ruff updates:
     - Check PyPI versions
     - Update config rev
     - Commit config first

## Error Resolution

1. CI Failures
   - Fix order:
     1. Formatting
     2. Type errors
     3. Linting
   - Type errors:
     - Get full line context
     - Check Optional types
     - Add type narrowing
     - Verify function signatures

2. Common Issues
   - Line length:
     - Break strings with parentheses
     - Multi-line function calls
     - Split imports
   - Types:
     - Add None checks
     - Narrow string types
     - Match existing patterns

3. Best Practices
   - Check git status before commits
   - Run formatters before type checks
   - Keep changes minimal
   - Follow existing patterns
   - Document public APIs
   - Test thoroughly


================================================
File: CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
================================================
# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct

## Our Pledge

We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity
and orientation.

We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.

## Our Standards

Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
community include:

* Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
* Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
* Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
* Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
  and learning from the experience
* Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the
  overall community

Examples of unacceptable behavior include:

* The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or
  advances of any kind
* Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
* Public or private harassment
* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email
  address, without their explicit permission
* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
  professional setting

## Enforcement Responsibilities

Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
or harmful.

Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
decisions when appropriate.

## Scope

This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
representative at an online or offline event.

## Enforcement

Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
mcp-coc@anthropic.com.
All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.

All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
reporter of any incident.

## Enforcement Guidelines

Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:

### 1. Correction

**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.

**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.

### 2. Warning

**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series
of actions.

**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or
permanent ban.

### 3. Temporary Ban

**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
sustained inappropriate behavior.

**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.

### 4. Permanent Ban

**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior,  harassment of an
individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.

**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within
the community.

## Attribution

This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
version 2.0, available at
https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html.

Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by [Mozilla's code of conduct
enforcement ladder](https://github.com/mozilla/diversity).

[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org

For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq. Translations are available at
https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations.


================================================
File: CONTRIBUTING.md
================================================
# Contributing

Thank you for your interest in contributing to the MCP Python SDK! This document provides guidelines and instructions for contributing.

## Development Setup

1. Make sure you have Python 3.10+ installed
2. Install [uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/)
3. Fork the repository
4. Clone your fork: `git clone https://github.com/YOUR-USERNAME/python-sdk.git`
5. Install dependencies:
```bash
uv sync --frozen --all-extras --dev
```

## Development Workflow

1. Choose the correct branch for your changes:
   - For bug fixes to a released version: use the latest release branch (e.g. v1.1.x for 1.1.3)
   - For new features: use the main branch (which will become the next minor/major version)
   - If unsure, ask in an issue first

2. Create a new branch from your chosen base branch

3. Make your changes

4. Ensure tests pass:
```bash 
uv run pytest
```

5. Run type checking:
```bash
uv run pyright
```

6. Run linting:
```bash
uv run ruff check .
uv run ruff format .
```

7. Submit a pull request to the same branch you branched from

## Code Style

- We use `ruff` for linting and formatting
- Follow PEP 8 style guidelines
- Add type hints to all functions
- Include docstrings for public APIs

## Pull Request Process

1. Update documentation as needed
2. Add tests for new functionality
3. Ensure CI passes
4. Maintainers will review your code
5. Address review feedback

## Code of Conduct

Please note that this project is released with a [Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md). By participating in this project you agree to abide by its terms.

## License

By contributing, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under the MIT License.


================================================
File: LICENSE
================================================
MIT License

Copyright (c) 2024 Anthropic, PBC

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.


================================================
File: RELEASE.md
================================================
# Release Process

## Bumping Dependencies

1. Change dependency
2. Upgrade lock with `uv lock --resolution lowest-direct

## Major or Minor Release

1. Create a release branch named `vX.Y.Z` where `X.Y.Z` is the version.
2. Bump version number on release branch.
3. Create an annotated, signed tag: `git tag -s -a vX.Y.Z`
4. Create a github release using `gh release create` and publish it.
5. Have the release flow being reviewed.
7. Bump version number on `main` to the next version followed by `.dev`, e.g. `v0.4.0.dev`.


================================================
File: SECURITY.md
================================================
# Security Policy
Thank you for helping us keep the SDKs and systems they interact with secure.

## Reporting Security Issues

This SDK is maintained by [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com/) as part of the Model Context Protocol project.

The security of our systems and user data is Anthropic’s top priority. We appreciate the work of security researchers acting in good faith in identifying and reporting potential vulnerabilities.

Our security program is managed on HackerOne and we ask that any validated vulnerability in this functionality be reported through their [submission form](https://hackerone.com/anthropic-vdp/reports/new?type=team&report_type=vulnerability).

## Vulnerability Disclosure Program

Our Vulnerability Program Guidelines are defined on our [HackerOne program page](https://hackerone.com/anthropic-vdp).


================================================
File: pyproject.toml
================================================
[project]
name = "mcp"
version = "1.3.0.dev0"
description = "Model Context Protocol SDK"
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.10"
authors = [{ name = "Anthropic, PBC." }]
maintainers = [
    { name = "David Soria Parra", email = "davidsp@anthropic.com" },
    { name = "Justin Spahr-Summers", email = "justin@anthropic.com" },
]
keywords = ["git", "mcp", "llm", "automation"]
license = { text = "MIT" }
classifiers = [
    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
]
dependencies = [
    "anyio>=4.5",
    "httpx>=0.27",
    "httpx-sse>=0.4",
    "pydantic>=2.7.2,<3.0.0",
    "starlette>=0.27",
    "sse-starlette>=1.6.1",
    "pydantic-settings>=2.5.2",
    "uvicorn>=0.23.1",
]

[project.optional-dependencies]
rich = ["rich>=13.9.4"]
cli = ["typer>=0.12.4", "python-dotenv>=1.0.0"]

[project.scripts]
mcp = "mcp.cli:app [cli]"

[tool.uv]
resolution = "lowest-direct"
dev-dependencies = [
    "pyright>=1.1.391",
    "pytest>=8.3.4",
    "ruff>=0.8.5",
    "trio>=0.26.2",
    "pytest-flakefinder>=1.1.0",
    "pytest-xdist>=3.6.1",
]

[build-system]
requires = ["hatchling"]
build-backend = "hatchling.build"

[project.urls]
Homepage = "https://modelcontextprotocol.io"
Repository = "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk"
Issues = "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk/issues"

[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
packages = ["src/mcp"]

[tool.pyright]
include = ["src/mcp", "tests"]
venvPath = "."
venv = ".venv"

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E", "F", "I"]
ignore = []

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 88
target-version = "py310"

[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
"__init__.py" = ["F401"]
"tests/server/fastmcp/test_func_metadata.py" = ["E501"]

[tool.uv.workspace]
members = ["examples/servers/*"]

[tool.uv.sources]
mcp = { workspace = true }


================================================
File: .pre-commit-config.yaml
================================================
fail_fast: true

repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-prettier
    rev: v3.1.0
    hooks:
      - id: prettier
        types_or: [yaml, json5]

  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
    rev: v0.8.1
    hooks:
      - id: ruff-format
      - id: ruff
        args: [--fix, --exit-non-zero-on-fix]

  - repo: local
    hooks:
      - id: uv-lock-check
        name: Check uv.lock is up to date
        entry: uv lock --check
        language: system
        files: ^(pyproject\.toml|uv\.lock)$
        pass_filenames: false


================================================
File: .python-version
================================================
3.10


================================================
File: examples/README.md
================================================
# Python SDK Examples

This folders aims to provide simple examples of using the Python SDK. Please refer to the
[servers repository](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/servers)
for real-world servers.


================================================
File: examples/clients/simple-chatbot/README.MD
================================================
# MCP Simple Chatbot

This example demonstrates how to integrate the Model Context Protocol (MCP) into a simple CLI chatbot. The implementation showcases MCP's flexibility by supporting multiple tools through MCP servers and is compatible with any LLM provider that follows OpenAI API standards.

## Requirements

- Python 3.10
- `python-dotenv`
- `requests`
- `mcp`
- `uvicorn`

## Installation

1. **Install the dependencies:**

   ```bash
   pip install -r requirements.txt
   ```

2. **Set up environment variables:**

   Create a `.env` file in the root directory and add your API key:

   ```plaintext
   LLM_API_KEY=your_api_key_here
   ```

3. **Configure servers:**

   The `servers_config.json` follows the same structure as Claude Desktop, allowing for easy integration of multiple servers. 
   Here's an example:

   ```json
   {
     "mcpServers": {
       "sqlite": {
         "command": "uvx",
         "args": ["mcp-server-sqlite", "--db-path", "./test.db"]
       },
       "puppeteer": {
         "command": "npx",
         "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-puppeteer"]
       }
     }
   }
   ```
   Environment variables are supported as well. Pass them as you would with the Claude Desktop App.

   Example:
   ```json
   {
     "mcpServers": {
       "server_name": {
         "command": "uvx",
         "args": ["mcp-server-name", "--additional-args"],
         "env": {
           "API_KEY": "your_api_key_here"
         }
       }
     }
   }
   ```

## Usage

1. **Run the client:**

   ```bash
   python main.py
   ```

2. **Interact with the assistant:**
   
   The assistant will automatically detect available tools and can respond to queries based on the tools provided by the configured servers.

3. **Exit the session:**

   Type `quit` or `exit` to end the session.

## Architecture

- **Tool Discovery**: Tools are automatically discovered from configured servers.
- **System Prompt**: Tools are dynamically included in the system prompt, allowing the LLM to understand available capabilities.
- **Server Integration**: Supports any MCP-compatible server, tested with various server implementations including Uvicorn and Node.js.

### Class Structure
- **Configuration**: Manages environment variables and server configurations
- **Server**: Handles MCP server initialization, tool discovery, and execution
- **Tool**: Represents individual tools with their properties and formatting
- **LLMClient**: Manages communication with the LLM provider
- **ChatSession**: Orchestrates the interaction between user, LLM, and tools

### Logic Flow

1. **Tool Integration**:
   - Tools are dynamically discovered from MCP servers
   - Tool descriptions are automatically included in system prompt
   - Tool execution is handled through standardized MCP protocol

2. **Runtime Flow**:
   - User input is received
   - Input is sent to LLM with context of available tools
   - LLM response is parsed:
     - If it's a tool call → execute tool and return result
     - If it's a direct response → return to user
   - Tool results are sent back to LLM for interpretation
   - Final response is presented to user




================================================
File: examples/clients/simple-chatbot/pyproject.toml
================================================
[project]
name = "mcp-simple-chatbot"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "A simple CLI chatbot using the Model Context Protocol (MCP)"
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.10"
authors = [{ name = "Edoardo Cilia" }]
keywords = ["mcp", "llm", "chatbot", "cli"]
license = { text = "MIT" }
classifiers = [
    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
]
dependencies = [
    "python-dotenv>=1.0.0",
    "requests>=2.31.0",
    "mcp>=1.0.0",
    "uvicorn>=0.32.1"
]

[project.scripts]
mcp-simple-chatbot = "mcp_simple_chatbot.client:main"

[build-system]
requires = ["hatchling"]
build-backend = "hatchling.build"

[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
packages = ["mcp_simple_chatbot"]

[tool.pyright]
include = ["mcp_simple_chatbot"]
venvPath = "."
venv = ".venv"

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E", "F", "I"]
ignore = []

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 88
target-version = "py310"

[tool.uv]
dev-dependencies = ["pyright>=1.1.379", "pytest>=8.3.3", "ruff>=0.6.9"]


================================================
File: examples/clients/simple-chatbot/.python-version
================================================
3.10


================================================
File: examples/clients/simple-chatbot/mcp_simple_chatbot/main.py
================================================
import asyncio
import json
import logging
import os
import shutil
from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
from typing import Any

import httpx
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from mcp import ClientSession, StdioServerParameters
from mcp.client.stdio import stdio_client

# Configure logging
logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
)


class Configuration:
    """Manages configuration and environment variables for the MCP client."""

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        """Initialize configuration with environment variables."""
        self.load_env()
        self.api_key = os.getenv("GROQ_API_KEY")

    @staticmethod
    def load_env() -> None:
        """Load environment variables from .env file."""
        load_dotenv()

    @staticmethod
    def load_config(file_path: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """Load server configuration from JSON file.

        Args:
            file_path: Path to the JSON configuration file.

        Returns:
            Dict containing server configuration.

        Raises:
            FileNotFoundError: If configuration file doesn't exist.
            JSONDecodeError: If configuration file is invalid JSON.
        """
        with open(file_path, "r") as f:
            return json.load(f)

    @property
    def llm_api_key(self) -> str:
        """Get the LLM API key.

        Returns:
            The API key as a string.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the API key is not found in environment variables.
        """
        if not self.api_key:
            raise ValueError("LLM_API_KEY not found in environment variables")
        return self.api_key


class Server:
    """Manages MCP server connections and tool execution."""

    def __init__(self, name: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        self.name: str = name
        self.config: dict[str, Any] = config
        self.stdio_context: Any | None = None
        self.session: ClientSession | None = None
        self._cleanup_lock: asyncio.Lock = asyncio.Lock()
        self.exit_stack: AsyncExitStack = AsyncExitStack()

    async def initialize(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the server connection."""
        command = (
            shutil.which("npx")
            if self.config["command"] == "npx"
            else self.config["command"]
        )
        if command is None:
            raise ValueError("The command must be a valid string and cannot be None.")

        server_params = StdioServerParameters(
            command=command,
            args=self.config["args"],
            env={**os.environ, **self.config["env"]}
            if self.config.get("env")
            else None,
        )
        try:
            stdio_transport = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(
                stdio_client(server_params)
            )
            read, write = stdio_transport
            session = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(
                ClientSession(read, write)
            )
            await session.initialize()
            self.session = session
        except Exception as e:
            logging.error(f"Error initializing server {self.name}: {e}")
            await self.cleanup()
            raise

    async def list_tools(self) -> list[Any]:
        """List available tools from the server.

        Returns:
            A list of available tools.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the server is not initialized.
        """
        if not self.session:
            raise RuntimeError(f"Server {self.name} not initialized")

        tools_response = await self.session.list_tools()
        tools = []

        for item in tools_response:
            if isinstance(item, tuple) and item[0] == "tools":
                for tool in item[1]:
                    tools.append(Tool(tool.name, tool.description, tool.inputSchema))

        return tools

    async def execute_tool(
        self,
        tool_name: str,
        arguments: dict[str, Any],
        retries: int = 2,
        delay: float = 1.0,
    ) -> Any:
        """Execute a tool with retry mechanism.

        Args:
            tool_name: Name of the tool to execute.
            arguments: Tool arguments.
            retries: Number of retry attempts.
            delay: Delay between retries in seconds.

        Returns:
            Tool execution result.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If server is not initialized.
            Exception: If tool execution fails after all retries.
        """
        if not self.session:
            raise RuntimeError(f"Server {self.name} not initialized")

        attempt = 0
        while attempt < retries:
            try:
                logging.info(f"Executing {tool_name}...")
                result = await self.session.call_tool(tool_name, arguments)

                return result

            except Exception as e:
                attempt += 1
                logging.warning(
                    f"Error executing tool: {e}. Attempt {attempt} of {retries}."
                )
                if attempt < retries:
                    logging.info(f"Retrying in {delay} seconds...")
                    await asyncio.sleep(delay)
                else:
                    logging.error("Max retries reached. Failing.")
                    raise

    async def cleanup(self) -> None:
        """Clean up server resources."""
        async with self._cleanup_lock:
            try:
                await self.exit_stack.aclose()
                self.session = None
                self.stdio_context = None
            except Exception as e:
                logging.error(f"Error during cleanup of server {self.name}: {e}")


class Tool:
    """Represents a tool with its properties and formatting."""

    def __init__(
        self, name: str, description: str, input_schema: dict[str, Any]
    ) -> None:
        self.name: str = name
        self.description: str = description
        self.input_schema: dict[str, Any] = input_schema

    def format_for_llm(self) -> str:
        """Format tool information for LLM.

        Returns:
            A formatted string describing the tool.
        """
        args_desc = []
        if "properties" in self.input_schema:
            for param_name, param_info in self.input_schema["properties"].items():
                arg_desc = (
                    f"- {param_name}: {param_info.get('description', 'No description')}"
                )
                if param_name in self.input_schema.get("required", []):
                    arg_desc += " (required)"
                args_desc.append(arg_desc)

        return f"""
Tool: {self.name}
Description: {self.description}
Arguments:
{chr(10).join(args_desc)}
"""


class LLMClient:
    """Manages communication with the LLM provider."""

    def __init__(self, api_key: str) -> None:
        self.api_key: str = api_key

    def get_response(self, messages: list[dict[str, str]]) -> str:
        """Get a response from the LLM.

        Args:
            messages: A list of message dictionaries.

        Returns:
            The LLM's response as a string.

        Raises:
            httpx.RequestError: If the request to the LLM fails.
        """
        url = "https://api.groq.com/openai/v1/chat/completions"

        headers = {
            "Content-Type": "application/json",
            "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}",
        }
        payload = {
            "messages": messages,
            "model": "llama-3.2-90b-vision-preview",
            "temperature": 0.7,
            "max_tokens": 4096,
            "top_p": 1,
            "stream": False,
            "stop": None,
        }

        try:
            with httpx.Client() as client:
                response = client.post(url, headers=headers, json=payload)
                response.raise_for_status()
                data = response.json()
                return data["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]

        except httpx.RequestError as e:
            error_message = f"Error getting LLM response: {str(e)}"
            logging.error(error_message)

            if isinstance(e, httpx.HTTPStatusError):
                status_code = e.response.status_code
                logging.error(f"Status code: {status_code}")
                logging.error(f"Response details: {e.response.text}")

            return (
                f"I encountered an error: {error_message}. "
                "Please try again or rephrase your request."
            )


class ChatSession:
    """Orchestrates the interaction between user, LLM, and tools."""

    def __init__(self, servers: list[Server], llm_client: LLMClient) -> None:
        self.servers: list[Server] = servers
        self.llm_client: LLMClient = llm_client

    async def cleanup_servers(self) -> None:
        """Clean up all servers properly."""
        cleanup_tasks = []
        for server in self.servers:
            cleanup_tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(server.cleanup()))

        if cleanup_tasks:
            try:
                await asyncio.gather(*cleanup_tasks, return_exceptions=True)
            except Exception as e:
                logging.warning(f"Warning during final cleanup: {e}")

    async def process_llm_response(self, llm_response: str) -> str:
        """Process the LLM response and execute tools if needed.

        Args:
            llm_response: The response from the LLM.

        Returns:
            The result of tool execution or the original response.
        """
        import json

        try:
            tool_call = json.loads(llm_response)
            if "tool" in tool_call and "arguments" in tool_call:
                logging.info(f"Executing tool: {tool_call['tool']}")
                logging.info(f"With arguments: {tool_call['arguments']}")

                for server in self.servers:
                    tools = await server.list_tools()
                    if any(tool.name == tool_call["tool"] for tool in tools):
                        try:
                            result = await server.execute_tool(
                                tool_call["tool"], tool_call["arguments"]
                            )

                            if isinstance(result, dict) and "progress" in result:
                                progress = result["progress"]
                                total = result["total"]
                                percentage = (progress / total) * 100
                                logging.info(
                                    f"Progress: {progress}/{total} "
                                    f"({percentage:.1f}%)"
                                )

                            return f"Tool execution result: {result}"
                        except Exception as e:
                            error_msg = f"Error executing tool: {str(e)}"
                            logging.error(error_msg)
                            return error_msg

                return f"No server found with tool: {tool_call['tool']}"
            return llm_response
        except json.JSONDecodeError:
            return llm_response

    async def start(self) -> None:
        """Main chat session handler."""
        try:
            for server in self.servers:
                try:
                    await server.initialize()
                except Exception as e:
                    logging.error(f"Failed to initialize server: {e}")
                    await self.cleanup_servers()
                    return

            all_tools = []
            for server in self.servers:
                tools = await server.list_tools()
                all_tools.extend(tools)

            tools_description = "\n".join([tool.format_for_llm() for tool in all_tools])

            system_message = (
                "You are a helpful assistant with access to these tools:\n\n"
                f"{tools_description}\n"
                "Choose the appropriate tool based on the user's question. "
                "If no tool is needed, reply directly.\n\n"
                "IMPORTANT: When you need to use a tool, you must ONLY respond with "
                "the exact JSON object format below, nothing else:\n"
                "{\n"
                '    "tool": "tool-name",\n'
                '    "arguments": {\n'
                '        "argument-name": "value"\n'
                "    }\n"
                "}\n\n"
                "After receiving a tool's response:\n"
                "1. Transform the raw data into a natural, conversational response\n"
                "2. Keep responses concise but informative\n"
                "3. Focus on the most relevant information\n"
                "4. Use appropriate context from the user's question\n"
                "5. Avoid simply repeating the raw data\n\n"
                "Please use only the tools that are explicitly defined above."
            )

            messages = [{"role": "system", "content": system_message}]

            while True:
                try:
                    user_input = input("You: ").strip().lower()
                    if user_input in ["quit", "exit"]:
                        logging.info("\nExiting...")
                        break

                    messages.append({"role": "user", "content": user_input})

                    llm_response = self.llm_client.get_response(messages)
                    logging.info("\nAssistant: %s", llm_response)

                    result = await self.process_llm_response(llm_response)

                    if result != llm_response:
                        messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": llm_response})
                        messages.append({"role": "system", "content": result})

                        final_response = self.llm_client.get_response(messages)
                        logging.info("\nFinal response: %s", final_response)
                        messages.append(
                            {"role": "assistant", "content": final_response}
                        )
                    else:
                        messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": llm_response})

                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                    logging.info("\nExiting...")
                    break

        finally:
            await self.cleanup_servers()


async def main() -> None:
    """Initialize and run the chat session."""
    config = Configuration()
    server_config = config.load_config("servers_config.json")
    servers = [
        Server(name, srv_config)
        for name, srv_config in server_config["mcpServers"].items()
    ]
    llm_client = LLMClient(config.llm_api_key)
    chat_session = ChatSession(servers, llm_client)
    await chat_session.start()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())


================================================
File: examples/clients/simple-chatbot/mcp_simple_chatbot/requirements.txt
================================================
python-dotenv>=1.0.0
requests>=2.31.0
mcp>=1.0.0
uvicorn>=0.32.1

================================================
File: examples/clients/simple-chatbot/mcp_simple_chatbot/servers_config.json
================================================
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "sqlite": {
      "command": "uvx",
      "args": ["mcp-server-sqlite", "--db-path", "./test.db"]
    },
    "puppeteer": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-puppeteer"]
    }
  }
}

================================================
File: examples/clients/simple-chatbot/mcp_simple_chatbot/.env.example
================================================
GROQ_API_KEY=gsk_1234567890

================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/complex_inputs.py
================================================
"""
FastMCP Complex inputs Example

Demonstrates validation via pydantic with complex models.
"""

from typing import Annotated

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

mcp = FastMCP("Shrimp Tank")


class ShrimpTank(BaseModel):
    class Shrimp(BaseModel):
        name: Annotated[str, Field(max_length=10)]

    shrimp: list[Shrimp]


@mcp.tool()
def name_shrimp(
    tank: ShrimpTank,
    # You can use pydantic Field in function signatures for validation.
    extra_names: Annotated[list[str], Field(max_length=10)],
) -> list[str]:
    """List all shrimp names in the tank"""
    return [shrimp.name for shrimp in tank.shrimp] + extra_names


================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/desktop.py
================================================
"""
FastMCP Desktop Example

A simple example that exposes the desktop directory as a resource.
"""

from pathlib import Path

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Create server
mcp = FastMCP("Demo")


@mcp.resource("dir://desktop")
def desktop() -> list[str]:
    """List the files in the user's desktop"""
    desktop = Path.home() / "Desktop"
    return [str(f) for f in desktop.iterdir()]


@mcp.tool()
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    """Add two numbers"""
    return a + b


================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/echo.py
================================================
"""
FastMCP Echo Server
"""

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Create server
mcp = FastMCP("Echo Server")


@mcp.tool()
def echo_tool(text: str) -> str:
    """Echo the input text"""
    return text


@mcp.resource("echo://static")
def echo_resource() -> str:
    return "Echo!"


@mcp.resource("echo://{text}")
def echo_template(text: str) -> str:
    """Echo the input text"""
    return f"Echo: {text}"


@mcp.prompt("echo")
def echo_prompt(text: str) -> str:
    return text


================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/memory.py
================================================
# /// script
# dependencies = ["pydantic-ai-slim[openai]", "asyncpg", "numpy", "pgvector"]
# ///

# uv pip install 'pydantic-ai-slim[openai]' asyncpg numpy pgvector

"""
Recursive memory system inspired by the human brain's clustering of memories.
Uses OpenAI's 'text-embedding-3-small' model and pgvector for efficient
similarity search.
"""

import asyncio
import math
import os
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Annotated, Self

import asyncpg
import numpy as np
from openai import AsyncOpenAI
from pgvector.asyncpg import register_vector  # Import register_vector
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from pydantic_ai import Agent

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

MAX_DEPTH = 5
SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD = 0.7
DECAY_FACTOR = 0.99
REINFORCEMENT_FACTOR = 1.1

DEFAULT_LLM_MODEL = "openai:gpt-4o"
DEFAULT_EMBEDDING_MODEL = "text-embedding-3-small"

mcp = FastMCP(
    "memory",
    dependencies=[
        "pydantic-ai-slim[openai]",
        "asyncpg",
        "numpy",
        "pgvector",
    ],
)

DB_DSN = "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:54320/memory_db"
# reset memory with rm ~/.fastmcp/{USER}/memory/*
PROFILE_DIR = (
    Path.home() / ".fastmcp" / os.environ.get("USER", "anon") / "memory"
).resolve()
PROFILE_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)


def cosine_similarity(a: list[float], b: list[float]) -> float:
    a_array = np.array(a, dtype=np.float64)
    b_array = np.array(b, dtype=np.float64)
    return np.dot(a_array, b_array) / (
        np.linalg.norm(a_array) * np.linalg.norm(b_array)
    )


async def do_ai[T](
    user_prompt: str,
    system_prompt: str,
    result_type: type[T] | Annotated,
    deps=None,
) -> T:
    agent = Agent(
        DEFAULT_LLM_MODEL,
        system_prompt=system_prompt,
        result_type=result_type,
    )
    result = await agent.run(user_prompt, deps=deps)
    return result.data


@dataclass
class Deps:
    openai: AsyncOpenAI
    pool: asyncpg.Pool


async def get_db_pool() -> asyncpg.Pool:
    async def init(conn):
        await conn.execute("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;")
        await register_vector(conn)

    pool = await asyncpg.create_pool(DB_DSN, init=init)
    return pool


class MemoryNode(BaseModel):
    id: int | None = None
    content: str
    summary: str = ""
    importance: float = 1.0
    access_count: int = 0
    timestamp: float = Field(
        default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc).timestamp()
    )
    embedding: list[float]

    @classmethod
    async def from_content(cls, content: str, deps: Deps):
        embedding = await get_embedding(content, deps)
        return cls(content=content, embedding=embedding)

    async def save(self, deps: Deps):
        async with deps.pool.acquire() as conn:
            if self.id is None:
                result = await conn.fetchrow(
                    """
                    INSERT INTO memories (content, summary, importance, access_count,
                        timestamp, embedding)
                    VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)
                    RETURNING id
                    """,
                    self.content,
                    self.summary,
                    self.importance,
                    self.access_count,
                    self.timestamp,
                    self.embedding,
                )
                self.id = result["id"]
            else:
                await conn.execute(
                    """
                    UPDATE memories
                    SET content = $1, summary = $2, importance = $3,
                        access_count = $4, timestamp = $5, embedding = $6
                    WHERE id = $7
                    """,
                    self.content,
                    self.summary,
                    self.importance,
                    self.access_count,
                    self.timestamp,
                    self.embedding,
                    self.id,
                )

    async def merge_with(self, other: Self, deps: Deps):
        self.content = await do_ai(
            f"{self.content}\n\n{other.content}",
            "Combine the following two texts into a single, coherent text.",
            str,
            deps,
        )
        self.importance += other.importance
        self.access_count += other.access_count
        self.embedding = [(a + b) / 2 for a, b in zip(self.embedding, other.embedding)]
        self.summary = await do_ai(
            self.content, "Summarize the following text concisely.", str, deps
        )
        await self.save(deps)
        # Delete the merged node from the database
        if other.id is not None:
            await delete_memory(other.id, deps)

    def get_effective_importance(self):
        return self.importance * (1 + math.log(self.access_count + 1))


async def get_embedding(text: str, deps: Deps) -> list[float]:
    embedding_response = await deps.openai.embeddings.create(
        input=text,
        model=DEFAULT_EMBEDDING_MODEL,
    )
    return embedding_response.data[0].embedding


async def delete_memory(memory_id: int, deps: Deps):
    async with deps.pool.acquire() as conn:
        await conn.execute("DELETE FROM memories WHERE id = $1", memory_id)


async def add_memory(content: str, deps: Deps):
    new_memory = await MemoryNode.from_content(content, deps)
    await new_memory.save(deps)

    similar_memories = await find_similar_memories(new_memory.embedding, deps)
    for memory in similar_memories:
        if memory.id != new_memory.id:
            await new_memory.merge_with(memory, deps)

    await update_importance(new_memory.embedding, deps)

    await prune_memories(deps)

    return f"Remembered: {content}"


async def find_similar_memories(embedding: list[float], deps: Deps) -> list[MemoryNode]:
    async with deps.pool.acquire() as conn:
        rows = await conn.fetch(
            """
            SELECT id, content, summary, importance, access_count, timestamp, embedding
            FROM memories
            ORDER BY embedding <-> $1
            LIMIT 5
            """,
            embedding,
        )
    memories = [
        MemoryNode(
            id=row["id"],
            content=row["content"],
            summary=row["summary"],
            importance=row["importance"],
            access_count=row["access_count"],
            timestamp=row["timestamp"],
            embedding=row["embedding"],
        )
        for row in rows
    ]
    return memories


async def update_importance(user_embedding: list[float], deps: Deps):
    async with deps.pool.acquire() as conn:
        rows = await conn.fetch(
            "SELECT id, importance, access_count, embedding FROM memories"
        )
        for row in rows:
            memory_embedding = row["embedding"]
            similarity = cosine_similarity(user_embedding, memory_embedding)
            if similarity > SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD:
                new_importance = row["importance"] * REINFORCEMENT_FACTOR
                new_access_count = row["access_count"] + 1
            else:
                new_importance = row["importance"] * DECAY_FACTOR
                new_access_count = row["access_count"]
            await conn.execute(
                """
                UPDATE memories
                SET importance = $1, access_count = $2
                WHERE id = $3
                """,
                new_importance,
                new_access_count,
                row["id"],
            )


async def prune_memories(deps: Deps):
    async with deps.pool.acquire() as conn:
        rows = await conn.fetch(
            """
            SELECT id, importance, access_count
            FROM memories
            ORDER BY importance DESC
            OFFSET $1
            """,
            MAX_DEPTH,
        )
        for row in rows:
            await conn.execute("DELETE FROM memories WHERE id = $1", row["id"])


async def display_memory_tree(deps: Deps) -> str:
    async with deps.pool.acquire() as conn:
        rows = await conn.fetch(
            """
            SELECT content, summary, importance, access_count
            FROM memories
            ORDER BY importance DESC
            LIMIT $1
            """,
            MAX_DEPTH,
        )
    result = ""
    for row in rows:
        effective_importance = row["importance"] * (
            1 + math.log(row["access_count"] + 1)
        )
        summary = row["summary"] or row["content"]
        result += f"- {summary} (Importance: {effective_importance:.2f})\n"
    return result


@mcp.tool()
async def remember(
    contents: list[str] = Field(
        description="List of observations or memories to store"
    ),
):
    deps = Deps(openai=AsyncOpenAI(), pool=await get_db_pool())
    try:
        return "\n".join(
            await asyncio.gather(*[add_memory(content, deps) for content in contents])
        )
    finally:
        await deps.pool.close()


@mcp.tool()
async def read_profile() -> str:
    deps = Deps(openai=AsyncOpenAI(), pool=await get_db_pool())
    profile = await display_memory_tree(deps)
    await deps.pool.close()
    return profile


async def initialize_database():
    pool = await asyncpg.create_pool(
        "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:54320/postgres"
    )
    try:
        async with pool.acquire() as conn:
            await conn.execute("""
                SELECT pg_terminate_backend(pg_stat_activity.pid)
                FROM pg_stat_activity
                WHERE pg_stat_activity.datname = 'memory_db'
                AND pid <> pg_backend_pid();
            """)
            await conn.execute("DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS memory_db;")
            await conn.execute("CREATE DATABASE memory_db;")
    finally:
        await pool.close()

    pool = await asyncpg.create_pool(DB_DSN)
    try:
        async with pool.acquire() as conn:
            await conn.execute("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;")

            await register_vector(conn)

            await conn.execute("""
                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS memories (
                    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
                    content TEXT NOT NULL,
                    summary TEXT,
                    importance REAL NOT NULL,
                    access_count INT NOT NULL,
                    timestamp DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
                    embedding vector(1536) NOT NULL
                );
                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_memories_embedding ON memories
                    USING hnsw (embedding vector_l2_ops);
            """)
    finally:
        await pool.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(initialize_database())


================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/parameter_descriptions.py
================================================
"""
FastMCP Example showing parameter descriptions
"""

from pydantic import Field

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Create server
mcp = FastMCP("Parameter Descriptions Server")


@mcp.tool()
def greet_user(
    name: str = Field(description="The name of the person to greet"),
    title: str = Field(description="Optional title like Mr/Ms/Dr", default=""),
    times: int = Field(description="Number of times to repeat the greeting", default=1),
) -> str:
    """Greet a user with optional title and repetition"""
    greeting = f"Hello {title + ' ' if title else ''}{name}!"
    return "\n".join([greeting] * times)


================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/readme-quickstart.py
================================================
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Create an MCP server
mcp = FastMCP("Demo")


# Add an addition tool
@mcp.tool()
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    """Add two numbers"""
    return a + b


# Add a dynamic greeting resource
@mcp.resource("greeting://{name}")
def get_greeting(name: str) -> str:
    """Get a personalized greeting"""
    return f"Hello, {name}!"


================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/screenshot.py
================================================
"""
FastMCP Screenshot Example

Give Claude a tool to capture and view screenshots.
"""

import io

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.types import Image

# Create server
mcp = FastMCP("Screenshot Demo", dependencies=["pyautogui", "Pillow"])


@mcp.tool()
def take_screenshot() -> Image:
    """
    Take a screenshot of the user's screen and return it as an image. Use
    this tool anytime the user wants you to look at something they're doing.
    """
    import pyautogui

    buffer = io.BytesIO()

    # if the file exceeds ~1MB, it will be rejected by Claude
    screenshot = pyautogui.screenshot()
    screenshot.convert("RGB").save(buffer, format="JPEG", quality=60, optimize=True)
    return Image(data=buffer.getvalue(), format="jpeg")


================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/simple_echo.py
================================================
"""
FastMCP Echo Server
"""

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Create server
mcp = FastMCP("Echo Server")


@mcp.tool()
def echo(text: str) -> str:
    """Echo the input text"""
    return text


================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/text_me.py
================================================
# /// script
# dependencies = []
# ///

"""
FastMCP Text Me Server
--------------------------------
This defines a simple FastMCP server that sends a text message to a phone number via https://surgemsg.com/.

To run this example, create a `.env` file with the following values:

SURGE_API_KEY=...
SURGE_ACCOUNT_ID=...
SURGE_MY_PHONE_NUMBER=...
SURGE_MY_FIRST_NAME=...
SURGE_MY_LAST_NAME=...

Visit https://surgemsg.com/ and click "Get Started" to obtain these values.
"""

from typing import Annotated

import httpx
from pydantic import BeforeValidator
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP


class SurgeSettings(BaseSettings):
    model_config: SettingsConfigDict = SettingsConfigDict(
        env_prefix="SURGE_", env_file=".env"
    )

    api_key: str
    account_id: str
    my_phone_number: Annotated[
        str, BeforeValidator(lambda v: "+" + v if not v.startswith("+") else v)
    ]
    my_first_name: str
    my_last_name: str


# Create server
mcp = FastMCP("Text me")
surge_settings = SurgeSettings()  # type: ignore


@mcp.tool(name="textme", description="Send a text message to me")
def text_me(text_content: str) -> str:
    """Send a text message to a phone number via https://surgemsg.com/"""
    with httpx.Client() as client:
        response = client.post(
            "https://api.surgemsg.com/messages",
            headers={
                "Authorization": f"Bearer {surge_settings.api_key}",
                "Surge-Account": surge_settings.account_id,
                "Content-Type": "application/json",
            },
            json={
                "body": text_content,
                "conversation": {
                    "contact": {
                        "first_name": surge_settings.my_first_name,
                        "last_name": surge_settings.my_last_name,
                        "phone_number": surge_settings.my_phone_number,
                    }
                },
            },
        )
        response.raise_for_status()
        return f"Message sent: {text_content}"


================================================
File: examples/fastmcp/unicode_example.py
================================================
"""
Example FastMCP server that uses Unicode characters in various places to help test
Unicode handling in tools and inspectors.
"""

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

mcp = FastMCP()


@mcp.tool(
    description="🌟 A tool that uses various Unicode characters in its description: "
    "á é í ó ú ñ 漢字 🎉"
)
def hello_unicode(name: str = "世界", greeting: str = "¡Hola") -> str:
    """
    A simple tool that demonstrates Unicode handling in:
    - Tool description (emojis, accents, CJK characters)
    - Parameter defaults (CJK characters)
    - Return values (Spanish punctuation, emojis)
    """
    return f"{greeting}, {name}! 👋"


@mcp.tool(description="🎨 Tool that returns a list of emoji categories")
def list_emoji_categories() -> list[str]:
    """Returns a list of emoji categories with emoji examples."""
    return [
        "😀 Smileys & Emotion",
        "👋 People & Body",
        "🐶 Animals & Nature",
        "🍎 Food & Drink",
        "⚽ Activities",
        "🌍 Travel & Places",
        "💡 Objects",
        "❤️ Symbols",
        "🚩 Flags",
    ]


@mcp.tool(description="🔤 Tool that returns text in different scripts")
def multilingual_hello() -> str:
    """Returns hello in different scripts and writing systems."""
    return "\n".join(
        [
            "English: Hello!",
            "Spanish: ¡Hola!",
            "French: Bonjour!",
            "German: Grüß Gott!",
            "Russian: Привет!",
            "Greek: Γεια σας!",
            "Hebrew: !שָׁלוֹם",
            "Arabic: !مرحبا",
            "Hindi: नमस्ते!",
            "Chinese: 你好!",
            "Japanese: こんにちは!",
            "Korean: 안녕하세요!",
            "Thai: สวัสดี!",
        ]
    )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    mcp.run()


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-prompt/README.md
================================================
# MCP Simple Prompt

A simple MCP server that exposes a customizable prompt template with optional context and topic parameters.

## Usage

Start the server using either stdio (default) or SSE transport:

```bash
# Using stdio transport (default)
uv run mcp-simple-prompt

# Using SSE transport on custom port
uv run mcp-simple-prompt --transport sse --port 8000
```

The server exposes a prompt named "simple" that accepts two optional arguments:

- `context`: Additional context to consider
- `topic`: Specific topic to focus on

## Example

Using the MCP client, you can retrieve the prompt like this using the STDIO transport:

```python
import asyncio
from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.client.stdio import StdioServerParameters, stdio_client


async def main():
    async with stdio_client(
        StdioServerParameters(command="uv", args=["run", "mcp-simple-prompt"])
    ) as (read, write):
        async with ClientSession(read, write) as session:
            await session.initialize()

            # List available prompts
            prompts = await session.list_prompts()
            print(prompts)

            # Get the prompt with arguments
            prompt = await session.get_prompt(
                "simple",
                {
                    "context": "User is a software developer",
                    "topic": "Python async programming",
                },
            )
            print(prompt)


asyncio.run(main())
```


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-prompt/pyproject.toml
================================================
[project]
name = "mcp-simple-prompt"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "A simple MCP server exposing a customizable prompt"
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.10"
authors = [{ name = "Anthropic, PBC." }]
maintainers = [
    { name = "David Soria Parra", email = "davidsp@anthropic.com" },
    { name = "Justin Spahr-Summers", email = "justin@anthropic.com" },
]
keywords = ["mcp", "llm", "automation", "web", "fetch"]
license = { text = "MIT" }
classifiers = [
    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
]
dependencies = ["anyio>=4.5", "click>=8.1.0", "httpx>=0.27", "mcp"]

[project.scripts]
mcp-simple-prompt = "mcp_simple_prompt.server:main"

[build-system]
requires = ["hatchling"]
build-backend = "hatchling.build"

[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
packages = ["mcp_simple_prompt"]

[tool.pyright]
include = ["mcp_simple_prompt"]
venvPath = "."
venv = ".venv"

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E", "F", "I"]
ignore = []

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 88
target-version = "py310"

[tool.uv]
dev-dependencies = ["pyright>=1.1.378", "pytest>=8.3.3", "ruff>=0.6.9"]


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-prompt/.python-version
================================================
3.10


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-prompt/mcp_simple_prompt/__init__.py
================================================



================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-prompt/mcp_simple_prompt/__main__.py
================================================
import sys

from .server import main

sys.exit(main())


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-prompt/mcp_simple_prompt/server.py
================================================
import anyio
import click
import mcp.types as types
from mcp.server.lowlevel import Server


def create_messages(
    context: str | None = None, topic: str | None = None
) -> list[types.PromptMessage]:
    """Create the messages for the prompt."""
    messages = []

    # Add context if provided
    if context:
        messages.append(
            types.PromptMessage(
                role="user",
                content=types.TextContent(
                    type="text", text=f"Here is some relevant context: {context}"
                ),
            )
        )

    # Add the main prompt
    prompt = "Please help me with "
    if topic:
        prompt += f"the following topic: {topic}"
    else:
        prompt += "whatever questions I may have."

    messages.append(
        types.PromptMessage(
            role="user", content=types.TextContent(type="text", text=prompt)
        )
    )

    return messages


@click.command()
@click.option("--port", default=8000, help="Port to listen on for SSE")
@click.option(
    "--transport",
    type=click.Choice(["stdio", "sse"]),
    default="stdio",
    help="Transport type",
)
def main(port: int, transport: str) -> int:
    app = Server("mcp-simple-prompt")

    @app.list_prompts()
    async def list_prompts() -> list[types.Prompt]:
        return [
            types.Prompt(
                name="simple",
                description="A simple prompt that can take optional context and topic "
                "arguments",
                arguments=[
                    types.PromptArgument(
                        name="context",
                        description="Additional context to consider",
                        required=False,
                    ),
                    types.PromptArgument(
                        name="topic",
                        description="Specific topic to focus on",
                        required=False,
                    ),
                ],
            )
        ]

    @app.get_prompt()
    async def get_prompt(
        name: str, arguments: dict[str, str] | None = None
    ) -> types.GetPromptResult:
        if name != "simple":
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown prompt: {name}")

        if arguments is None:
            arguments = {}

        return types.GetPromptResult(
            messages=create_messages(
                context=arguments.get("context"), topic=arguments.get("topic")
            ),
            description="A simple prompt with optional context and topic arguments",
        )

    if transport == "sse":
        from mcp.server.sse import SseServerTransport
        from starlette.applications import Starlette
        from starlette.routing import Mount, Route

        sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")

        async def handle_sse(request):
            async with sse.connect_sse(
                request.scope, request.receive, request._send
            ) as streams:
                await app.run(
                    streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
                )

        starlette_app = Starlette(
            debug=True,
            routes=[
                Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse),
                Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
            ],
        )

        import uvicorn

        uvicorn.run(starlette_app, host="0.0.0.0", port=port)
    else:
        from mcp.server.stdio import stdio_server

        async def arun():
            async with stdio_server() as streams:
                await app.run(
                    streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
                )

        anyio.run(arun)

    return 0


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-resource/README.md
================================================
# MCP Simple Resource

A simple MCP server that exposes sample text files as resources.

## Usage

Start the server using either stdio (default) or SSE transport:

```bash
# Using stdio transport (default)
uv run mcp-simple-resource

# Using SSE transport on custom port
uv run mcp-simple-resource --transport sse --port 8000
```

The server exposes some basic text file resources that can be read by clients.

## Example

Using the MCP client, you can retrieve resources like this using the STDIO transport:

```python
import asyncio
from mcp.types import AnyUrl
from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.client.stdio import StdioServerParameters, stdio_client


async def main():
    async with stdio_client(
        StdioServerParameters(command="uv", args=["run", "mcp-simple-resource"])
    ) as (read, write):
        async with ClientSession(read, write) as session:
            await session.initialize()

            # List available resources
            resources = await session.list_resources()
            print(resources)

            # Get a specific resource
            resource = await session.read_resource(AnyUrl("file:///greeting.txt"))
            print(resource)


asyncio.run(main())

```


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-resource/pyproject.toml
================================================
[project]
name = "mcp-simple-resource"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "A simple MCP server exposing sample text resources"
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.10"
authors = [{ name = "Anthropic, PBC." }]
maintainers = [
    { name = "David Soria Parra", email = "davidsp@anthropic.com" },
    { name = "Justin Spahr-Summers", email = "justin@anthropic.com" },
]
keywords = ["mcp", "llm", "automation", "web", "fetch"]
license = { text = "MIT" }
classifiers = [
    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
]
dependencies = ["anyio>=4.5", "click>=8.1.0", "httpx>=0.27", "mcp"]

[project.scripts]
mcp-simple-resource = "mcp_simple_resource.server:main"

[build-system]
requires = ["hatchling"]
build-backend = "hatchling.build"

[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
packages = ["mcp_simple_resource"]

[tool.pyright]
include = ["mcp_simple_resource"]
venvPath = "."
venv = ".venv"

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E", "F", "I"]
ignore = []

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 88
target-version = "py310"

[tool.uv]
dev-dependencies = ["pyright>=1.1.378", "pytest>=8.3.3", "ruff>=0.6.9"]


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-resource/.python-version
================================================
3.10


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-resource/mcp_simple_resource/__init__.py
================================================



================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-resource/mcp_simple_resource/__main__.py
================================================
import sys

from server import main

sys.exit(main())


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-resource/mcp_simple_resource/server.py
================================================
import anyio
import click
import mcp.types as types
from mcp.server.lowlevel import Server
from pydantic import FileUrl

SAMPLE_RESOURCES = {
    "greeting": "Hello! This is a sample text resource.",
    "help": "This server provides a few sample text resources for testing.",
    "about": "This is the simple-resource MCP server implementation.",
}


@click.command()
@click.option("--port", default=8000, help="Port to listen on for SSE")
@click.option(
    "--transport",
    type=click.Choice(["stdio", "sse"]),
    default="stdio",
    help="Transport type",
)
def main(port: int, transport: str) -> int:
    app = Server("mcp-simple-resource")

    @app.list_resources()
    async def list_resources() -> list[types.Resource]:
        return [
            types.Resource(
                uri=FileUrl(f"file:///{name}.txt"),
                name=name,
                description=f"A sample text resource named {name}",
                mimeType="text/plain",
            )
            for name in SAMPLE_RESOURCES.keys()
        ]

    @app.read_resource()
    async def read_resource(uri: FileUrl) -> str | bytes:
        name = uri.path.replace(".txt", "").lstrip("/")

        if name not in SAMPLE_RESOURCES:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown resource: {uri}")

        return SAMPLE_RESOURCES[name]

    if transport == "sse":
        from mcp.server.sse import SseServerTransport
        from starlette.applications import Starlette
        from starlette.routing import Mount, Route

        sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")

        async def handle_sse(request):
            async with sse.connect_sse(
                request.scope, request.receive, request._send
            ) as streams:
                await app.run(
                    streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
                )

        starlette_app = Starlette(
            debug=True,
            routes=[
                Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse),
                Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
            ],
        )

        import uvicorn

        uvicorn.run(starlette_app, host="0.0.0.0", port=port)
    else:
        from mcp.server.stdio import stdio_server

        async def arun():
            async with stdio_server() as streams:
                await app.run(
                    streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
                )

        anyio.run(arun)

    return 0


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-tool/README.md
================================================

A simple MCP server that exposes a website fetching tool.

## Usage

Start the server using either stdio (default) or SSE transport:

```bash
# Using stdio transport (default)
uv run mcp-simple-tool

# Using SSE transport on custom port
uv run mcp-simple-tool --transport sse --port 8000
```

The server exposes a tool named "fetch" that accepts one required argument:

- `url`: The URL of the website to fetch

## Example

Using the MCP client, you can use the tool like this using the STDIO transport:

```python
import asyncio
from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.client.stdio import StdioServerParameters, stdio_client


async def main():
    async with stdio_client(
        StdioServerParameters(command="uv", args=["run", "mcp-simple-tool"])
    ) as (read, write):
        async with ClientSession(read, write) as session:
            await session.initialize()

            # List available tools
            tools = await session.list_tools()
            print(tools)

            # Call the fetch tool
            result = await session.call_tool("fetch", {"url": "https://example.com"})
            print(result)


asyncio.run(main())

```


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-tool/pyproject.toml
================================================
[project]
name = "mcp-simple-tool"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "A simple MCP server exposing a website fetching tool"
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.10"
authors = [{ name = "Anthropic, PBC." }]
maintainers = [
    { name = "David Soria Parra", email = "davidsp@anthropic.com" },
    { name = "Justin Spahr-Summers", email = "justin@anthropic.com" },
]
keywords = ["mcp", "llm", "automation", "web", "fetch"]
license = { text = "MIT" }
classifiers = [
    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
]
dependencies = ["anyio>=4.5", "click>=8.1.0", "httpx>=0.27", "mcp"]

[project.scripts]
mcp-simple-tool = "mcp_simple_tool.server:main"

[build-system]
requires = ["hatchling"]
build-backend = "hatchling.build"

[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
packages = ["mcp_simple_tool"]

[tool.pyright]
include = ["mcp_simple_tool"]
venvPath = "."
venv = ".venv"

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E", "F", "I"]
ignore = []

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 88
target-version = "py310"

[tool.uv]
dev-dependencies = ["pyright>=1.1.378", "pytest>=8.3.3", "ruff>=0.6.9"]


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-tool/.python-version
================================================
3.10


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-tool/mcp_simple_tool/__init__.py
================================================



================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-tool/mcp_simple_tool/__main__.py
================================================
import sys

from server import main

sys.exit(main())


================================================
File: examples/servers/simple-tool/mcp_simple_tool/server.py
================================================
import anyio
import click
import httpx
import mcp.types as types
from mcp.server.lowlevel import Server


async def fetch_website(
    url: str,
) -> list[types.TextContent | types.ImageContent | types.EmbeddedResource]:
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "MCP Test Server (github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk)"
    }
    async with httpx.AsyncClient(follow_redirects=True, headers=headers) as client:
        response = await client.get(url)
        response.raise_for_status()
        return [types.TextContent(type="text", text=response.text)]


@click.command()
@click.option("--port", default=8000, help="Port to listen on for SSE")
@click.option(
    "--transport",
    type=click.Choice(["stdio", "sse"]),
    default="stdio",
    help="Transport type",
)
def main(port: int, transport: str) -> int:
    app = Server("mcp-website-fetcher")

    @app.call_tool()
    async def fetch_tool(
        name: str, arguments: dict
    ) -> list[types.TextContent | types.ImageContent | types.EmbeddedResource]:
        if name != "fetch":
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown tool: {name}")
        if "url" not in arguments:
            raise ValueError("Missing required argument 'url'")
        return await fetch_website(arguments["url"])

    @app.list_tools()
    async def list_tools() -> list[types.Tool]:
        return [
            types.Tool(
                name="fetch",
                description="Fetches a website and returns its content",
                inputSchema={
                    "type": "object",
                    "required": ["url"],
                    "properties": {
                        "url": {
                            "type": "string",
                            "description": "URL to fetch",
                        }
                    },
                },
            )
        ]

    if transport == "sse":
        from mcp.server.sse import SseServerTransport
        from starlette.applications import Starlette
        from starlette.routing import Mount, Route

        sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")

        async def handle_sse(request):
            async with sse.connect_sse(
                request.scope, request.receive, request._send
            ) as streams:
                await app.run(
                    streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
                )

        starlette_app = Starlette(
            debug=True,
            routes=[
                Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse),
                Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
            ],
        )

        import uvicorn

        uvicorn.run(starlette_app, host="0.0.0.0", port=port)
    else:
        from mcp.server.stdio import stdio_server

        async def arun():
            async with stdio_server() as streams:
                await app.run(
                    streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
                )

        anyio.run(arun)

    return 0


================================================
File: src/mcp/__init__.py
================================================
from .client.session import ClientSession
from .client.stdio import StdioServerParameters, stdio_client
from .server.session import ServerSession
from .server.stdio import stdio_server
from .shared.exceptions import McpError
from .types import (
    CallToolRequest,
    ClientCapabilities,
    ClientNotification,
    ClientRequest,
    ClientResult,
    CompleteRequest,
    CreateMessageRequest,
    CreateMessageResult,
    ErrorData,
    GetPromptRequest,
    GetPromptResult,
    Implementation,
    IncludeContext,
    InitializedNotification,
    InitializeRequest,
    InitializeResult,
    JSONRPCError,
    JSONRPCRequest,
    JSONRPCResponse,
    ListPromptsRequest,
    ListPromptsResult,
    ListResourcesRequest,
    ListResourcesResult,
    ListToolsResult,
    LoggingLevel,
    LoggingMessageNotification,
    Notification,
    PingRequest,
    ProgressNotification,
    PromptsCapability,
    ReadResourceRequest,
    ReadResourceResult,
    Resource,
    ResourcesCapability,
    ResourceUpdatedNotification,
    RootsCapability,
    SamplingMessage,
    ServerCapabilities,
    ServerNotification,
    ServerRequest,
    ServerResult,
    SetLevelRequest,
    StopReason,
    SubscribeRequest,
    Tool,
    ToolsCapability,
    UnsubscribeRequest,
)
from .types import (
    Role as SamplingRole,
)

__all__ = [
    "CallToolRequest",
    "ClientCapabilities",
    "ClientNotification",
    "ClientRequest",
    "ClientResult",
    "ClientSession",
    "CreateMessageRequest",
    "CreateMessageResult",
    "ErrorData",
    "GetPromptRequest",
    "GetPromptResult",
    "Implementation",
    "IncludeContext",
    "InitializeRequest",
    "InitializeResult",
    "InitializedNotification",
    "JSONRPCError",
    "JSONRPCRequest",
    "ListPromptsRequest",
    "ListPromptsResult",
    "ListResourcesRequest",
    "ListResourcesResult",
    "ListToolsResult",
    "LoggingLevel",
    "LoggingMessageNotification",
    "McpError",
    "Notification",
    "PingRequest",
    "ProgressNotification",
    "PromptsCapability",
    "ReadResourceRequest",
    "ReadResourceResult",
    "ResourcesCapability",
    "ResourceUpdatedNotification",
    "Resource",
    "RootsCapability",
    "SamplingMessage",
    "SamplingRole",
    "ServerCapabilities",
    "ServerNotification",
    "ServerRequest",
    "ServerResult",
    "ServerSession",
    "SetLevelRequest",
    "StdioServerParameters",
    "StopReason",
    "SubscribeRequest",
    "Tool",
    "ToolsCapability",
    "UnsubscribeRequest",
    "stdio_client",
    "stdio_server",
    "CompleteRequest",
    "JSONRPCResponse",
]


================================================
File: src/mcp/types.py
================================================
from typing import (
    Annotated,
    Any,
    Callable,
    Generic,
    Literal,
    TypeAlias,
    TypeVar,
)

from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, FileUrl, RootModel
from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl, UrlConstraints

"""
Model Context Protocol bindings for Python

These bindings were generated from https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/specification,
using Claude, with a prompt something like the following:

Generate idiomatic Python bindings for this schema for MCP, or the "Model Context
Protocol." The schema is defined in TypeScript, but there's also a JSON Schema version
for reference.

* For the bindings, let's use Pydantic V2 models.
* Each model should allow extra fields everywhere, by specifying `model_config =
  ConfigDict(extra='allow')`. Do this in every case, instead of a custom base class.
* Union types should be represented with a Pydantic `RootModel`.
* Define additional model classes instead of using dictionaries. Do this even if they're
  not separate types in the schema.
"""

LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION = "2024-11-05"

ProgressToken = str | int
Cursor = str
Role = Literal["user", "assistant"]
RequestId = str | int
AnyFunction: TypeAlias = Callable[..., Any]


class RequestParams(BaseModel):
    class Meta(BaseModel):
        progressToken: ProgressToken | None = None
        """
        If specified, the caller is requesting out-of-band progress notifications for
        this request (as represented by notifications/progress). The value of this
        parameter is an opaque token that will be attached to any subsequent
        notifications. The receiver is not obligated to provide these notifications.
        """

        model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")

    meta: Meta | None = Field(alias="_meta", default=None)


class NotificationParams(BaseModel):
    class Meta(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")

    meta: Meta | None = Field(alias="_meta", default=None)
    """
    This parameter name is reserved by MCP to allow clients and servers to attach
    additional metadata to their notifications.
    """


RequestParamsT = TypeVar("RequestParamsT", bound=RequestParams)
NotificationParamsT = TypeVar("NotificationParamsT", bound=NotificationParams)
MethodT = TypeVar("MethodT", bound=str)


class Request(BaseModel, Generic[RequestParamsT, MethodT]):
    """Base class for JSON-RPC requests."""

    method: MethodT
    params: RequestParamsT
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class PaginatedRequest(Request[RequestParamsT, MethodT]):
    cursor: Cursor | None = None
    """
    An opaque token representing the current pagination position.
    If provided, the server should return results starting after this cursor.
    """


class Notification(BaseModel, Generic[NotificationParamsT, MethodT]):
    """Base class for JSON-RPC notifications."""

    method: MethodT
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class Result(BaseModel):
    """Base class for JSON-RPC results."""

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")

    meta: dict[str, Any] | None = Field(alias="_meta", default=None)
    """
    This result property is reserved by the protocol to allow clients and servers to
    attach additional metadata to their responses.
    """


class PaginatedResult(Result):
    nextCursor: Cursor | None = None
    """
    An opaque token representing the pagination position after the last returned result.
    If present, there may be more results available.
    """


class JSONRPCRequest(Request):
    """A request that expects a response."""

    jsonrpc: Literal["2.0"]
    id: RequestId
    params: dict[str, Any] | None = None


class JSONRPCNotification(Notification):
    """A notification which does not expect a response."""

    jsonrpc: Literal["2.0"]
    params: dict[str, Any] | None = None


class JSONRPCResponse(BaseModel):
    """A successful (non-error) response to a request."""

    jsonrpc: Literal["2.0"]
    id: RequestId
    result: dict[str, Any]
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


# Standard JSON-RPC error codes
PARSE_ERROR = -32700
INVALID_REQUEST = -32600
METHOD_NOT_FOUND = -32601
INVALID_PARAMS = -32602
INTERNAL_ERROR = -32603


class ErrorData(BaseModel):
    """Error information for JSON-RPC error responses."""

    code: int
    """The error type that occurred."""

    message: str
    """
    A short description of the error. The message SHOULD be limited to a concise single
    sentence.
    """

    data: Any | None = None
    """
    Additional information about the error. The value of this member is defined by the
    sender (e.g. detailed error information, nested errors etc.).
    """

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class JSONRPCError(BaseModel):
    """A response to a request that indicates an error occurred."""

    jsonrpc: Literal["2.0"]
    id: str | int
    error: ErrorData
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class JSONRPCMessage(
    RootModel[JSONRPCRequest | JSONRPCNotification | JSONRPCResponse | JSONRPCError]
):
    pass


class EmptyResult(Result):
    """A response that indicates success but carries no data."""


class Implementation(BaseModel):
    """Describes the name and version of an MCP implementation."""

    name: str
    version: str
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class RootsCapability(BaseModel):
    """Capability for root operations."""

    listChanged: bool | None = None
    """Whether the client supports notifications for changes to the roots list."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class SamplingCapability(BaseModel):
    """Capability for logging operations."""

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ClientCapabilities(BaseModel):
    """Capabilities a client may support."""

    experimental: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None
    """Experimental, non-standard capabilities that the client supports."""
    sampling: SamplingCapability | None = None
    """Present if the client supports sampling from an LLM."""
    roots: RootsCapability | None = None
    """Present if the client supports listing roots."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class PromptsCapability(BaseModel):
    """Capability for prompts operations."""

    listChanged: bool | None = None
    """Whether this server supports notifications for changes to the prompt list."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ResourcesCapability(BaseModel):
    """Capability for resources operations."""

    subscribe: bool | None = None
    """Whether this server supports subscribing to resource updates."""
    listChanged: bool | None = None
    """Whether this server supports notifications for changes to the resource list."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ToolsCapability(BaseModel):
    """Capability for tools operations."""

    listChanged: bool | None = None
    """Whether this server supports notifications for changes to the tool list."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class LoggingCapability(BaseModel):
    """Capability for logging operations."""

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ServerCapabilities(BaseModel):
    """Capabilities that a server may support."""

    experimental: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None
    """Experimental, non-standard capabilities that the server supports."""
    logging: LoggingCapability | None = None
    """Present if the server supports sending log messages to the client."""
    prompts: PromptsCapability | None = None
    """Present if the server offers any prompt templates."""
    resources: ResourcesCapability | None = None
    """Present if the server offers any resources to read."""
    tools: ToolsCapability | None = None
    """Present if the server offers any tools to call."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class InitializeRequestParams(RequestParams):
    """Parameters for the initialize request."""

    protocolVersion: str | int
    """The latest version of the Model Context Protocol that the client supports."""
    capabilities: ClientCapabilities
    clientInfo: Implementation
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class InitializeRequest(Request):
    """
    This request is sent from the client to the server when it first connects, asking it
    to begin initialization.
    """

    method: Literal["initialize"]
    params: InitializeRequestParams


class InitializeResult(Result):
    """After receiving an initialize request from the client, the server sends this."""

    protocolVersion: str | int
    """The version of the Model Context Protocol that the server wants to use."""
    capabilities: ServerCapabilities
    serverInfo: Implementation
    instructions: str | None = None
    """Instructions describing how to use the server and its features."""


class InitializedNotification(Notification):
    """
    This notification is sent from the client to the server after initialization has
    finished.
    """

    method: Literal["notifications/initialized"]
    params: NotificationParams | None = None


class PingRequest(Request):
    """
    A ping, issued by either the server or the client, to check that the other party is
    still alive.
    """

    method: Literal["ping"]
    params: RequestParams | None = None


class ProgressNotificationParams(NotificationParams):
    """Parameters for progress notifications."""

    progressToken: ProgressToken
    """
    The progress token which was given in the initial request, used to associate this
    notification with the request that is proceeding.
    """
    progress: float
    """
    The progress thus far. This should increase every time progress is made, even if the
    total is unknown.
    """
    total: float | None = None
    """Total number of items to process (or total progress required), if known."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ProgressNotification(Notification):
    """
    An out-of-band notification used to inform the receiver of a progress update for a
    long-running request.
    """

    method: Literal["notifications/progress"]
    params: ProgressNotificationParams


class ListResourcesRequest(PaginatedRequest):
    """Sent from the client to request a list of resources the server has."""

    method: Literal["resources/list"]
    params: RequestParams | None = None


class Annotations(BaseModel):
    audience: list[Role] | None = None
    priority: Annotated[float, Field(ge=0.0, le=1.0)] | None = None
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class Resource(BaseModel):
    """A known resource that the server is capable of reading."""

    uri: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(host_required=False)]
    """The URI of this resource."""
    name: str
    """A human-readable name for this resource."""
    description: str | None = None
    """A description of what this resource represents."""
    mimeType: str | None = None
    """The MIME type of this resource, if known."""
    size: int | None = None
    """
    The size of the raw resource content, in bytes (i.e., before base64 encoding
    or any tokenization), if known.

    This can be used by Hosts to display file sizes and estimate context window usage.
    """
    annotations: Annotations | None = None
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ResourceTemplate(BaseModel):
    """A template description for resources available on the server."""

    uriTemplate: str
    """
    A URI template (according to RFC 6570) that can be used to construct resource
    URIs.
    """
    name: str
    """A human-readable name for the type of resource this template refers to."""
    description: str | None = None
    """A human-readable description of what this template is for."""
    mimeType: str | None = None
    """
    The MIME type for all resources that match this template. This should only be
    included if all resources matching this template have the same type.
    """
    annotations: Annotations | None = None
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ListResourcesResult(PaginatedResult):
    """The server's response to a resources/list request from the client."""

    resources: list[Resource]


class ListResourceTemplatesRequest(PaginatedRequest):
    """Sent from the client to request a list of resource templates the server has."""

    method: Literal["resources/templates/list"]
    params: RequestParams | None = None


class ListResourceTemplatesResult(PaginatedResult):
    """The server's response to a resources/templates/list request from the client."""

    resourceTemplates: list[ResourceTemplate]


class ReadResourceRequestParams(RequestParams):
    """Parameters for reading a resource."""

    uri: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(host_required=False)]
    """
    The URI of the resource to read. The URI can use any protocol; it is up to the
    server how to interpret it.
    """
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ReadResourceRequest(Request):
    """Sent from the client to the server, to read a specific resource URI."""

    method: Literal["resources/read"]
    params: ReadResourceRequestParams


class ResourceContents(BaseModel):
    """The contents of a specific resource or sub-resource."""

    uri: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(host_required=False)]
    """The URI of this resource."""
    mimeType: str | None = None
    """The MIME type of this resource, if known."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class TextResourceContents(ResourceContents):
    """Text contents of a resource."""

    text: str
    """
    The text of the item. This must only be set if the item can actually be represented
    as text (not binary data).
    """


class BlobResourceContents(ResourceContents):
    """Binary contents of a resource."""

    blob: str
    """A base64-encoded string representing the binary data of the item."""


class ReadResourceResult(Result):
    """The server's response to a resources/read request from the client."""

    contents: list[TextResourceContents | BlobResourceContents]


class ResourceListChangedNotification(Notification):
    """
    An optional notification from the server to the client, informing it that the list
    of resources it can read from has changed.
    """

    method: Literal["notifications/resources/list_changed"]
    params: NotificationParams | None = None


class SubscribeRequestParams(RequestParams):
    """Parameters for subscribing to a resource."""

    uri: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(host_required=False)]
    """
    The URI of the resource to subscribe to. The URI can use any protocol; it is up to
    the server how to interpret it.
    """
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class SubscribeRequest(Request):
    """
    Sent from the client to request resources/updated notifications from the server
    whenever a particular resource changes.
    """

    method: Literal["resources/subscribe"]
    params: SubscribeRequestParams


class UnsubscribeRequestParams(RequestParams):
    """Parameters for unsubscribing from a resource."""

    uri: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(host_required=False)]
    """The URI of the resource to unsubscribe from."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class UnsubscribeRequest(Request):
    """
    Sent from the client to request cancellation of resources/updated notifications from
    the server.
    """

    method: Literal["resources/unsubscribe"]
    params: UnsubscribeRequestParams


class ResourceUpdatedNotificationParams(NotificationParams):
    """Parameters for resource update notifications."""

    uri: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(host_required=False)]
    """
    The URI of the resource that has been updated. This might be a sub-resource of the
    one that the client actually subscribed to.
    """
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ResourceUpdatedNotification(Notification):
    """
    A notification from the server to the client, informing it that a resource has
    changed and may need to be read again.
    """

    method: Literal["notifications/resources/updated"]
    params: ResourceUpdatedNotificationParams


class ListPromptsRequest(PaginatedRequest):
    """Sent from the client to request a list of prompts and prompt templates."""

    method: Literal["prompts/list"]
    params: RequestParams | None = None


class PromptArgument(BaseModel):
    """An argument for a prompt template."""

    name: str
    """The name of the argument."""
    description: str | None = None
    """A human-readable description of the argument."""
    required: bool | None = None
    """Whether this argument must be provided."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class Prompt(BaseModel):
    """A prompt or prompt template that the server offers."""

    name: str
    """The name of the prompt or prompt template."""
    description: str | None = None
    """An optional description of what this prompt provides."""
    arguments: list[PromptArgument] | None = None
    """A list of arguments to use for templating the prompt."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ListPromptsResult(PaginatedResult):
    """The server's response to a prompts/list request from the client."""

    prompts: list[Prompt]


class GetPromptRequestParams(RequestParams):
    """Parameters for getting a prompt."""

    name: str
    """The name of the prompt or prompt template."""
    arguments: dict[str, str] | None = None
    """Arguments to use for templating the prompt."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class GetPromptRequest(Request):
    """Used by the client to get a prompt provided by the server."""

    method: Literal["prompts/get"]
    params: GetPromptRequestParams


class TextContent(BaseModel):
    """Text content for a message."""

    type: Literal["text"]
    text: str
    """The text content of the message."""
    annotations: Annotations | None = None
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ImageContent(BaseModel):
    """Image content for a message."""

    type: Literal["image"]
    data: str
    """The base64-encoded image data."""
    mimeType: str
    """
    The MIME type of the image. Different providers may support different
    image types.
    """
    annotations: Annotations | None = None
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class SamplingMessage(BaseModel):
    """Describes a message issued to or received from an LLM API."""

    role: Role
    content: TextContent | ImageContent
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class EmbeddedResource(BaseModel):
    """
    The contents of a resource, embedded into a prompt or tool call result.

    It is up to the client how best to render embedded resources for the benefit
    of the LLM and/or the user.
    """

    type: Literal["resource"]
    resource: TextResourceContents | BlobResourceContents
    annotations: Annotations | None = None
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class PromptMessage(BaseModel):
    """Describes a message returned as part of a prompt."""

    role: Role
    content: TextContent | ImageContent | EmbeddedResource
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class GetPromptResult(Result):
    """The server's response to a prompts/get request from the client."""

    description: str | None = None
    """An optional description for the prompt."""
    messages: list[PromptMessage]


class PromptListChangedNotification(Notification):
    """
    An optional notification from the server to the client, informing it that the list
    of prompts it offers has changed.
    """

    method: Literal["notifications/prompts/list_changed"]
    params: NotificationParams | None = None


class ListToolsRequest(PaginatedRequest):
    """Sent from the client to request a list of tools the server has."""

    method: Literal["tools/list"]
    params: RequestParams | None = None


class Tool(BaseModel):
    """Definition for a tool the client can call."""

    name: str
    """The name of the tool."""
    description: str | None = None
    """A human-readable description of the tool."""
    inputSchema: dict[str, Any]
    """A JSON Schema object defining the expected parameters for the tool."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ListToolsResult(PaginatedResult):
    """The server's response to a tools/list request from the client."""

    tools: list[Tool]


class CallToolRequestParams(RequestParams):
    """Parameters for calling a tool."""

    name: str
    arguments: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class CallToolRequest(Request):
    """Used by the client to invoke a tool provided by the server."""

    method: Literal["tools/call"]
    params: CallToolRequestParams


class CallToolResult(Result):
    """The server's response to a tool call."""

    content: list[TextContent | ImageContent | EmbeddedResource]
    isError: bool = False


class ToolListChangedNotification(Notification):
    """
    An optional notification from the server to the client, informing it that the list
    of tools it offers has changed.
    """

    method: Literal["notifications/tools/list_changed"]
    params: NotificationParams | None = None


LoggingLevel = Literal[
    "debug", "info", "notice", "warning", "error", "critical", "alert", "emergency"
]


class SetLevelRequestParams(RequestParams):
    """Parameters for setting the logging level."""

    level: LoggingLevel
    """The level of logging that the client wants to receive from the server."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class SetLevelRequest(Request):
    """A request from the client to the server, to enable or adjust logging."""

    method: Literal["logging/setLevel"]
    params: SetLevelRequestParams


class LoggingMessageNotificationParams(NotificationParams):
    """Parameters for logging message notifications."""

    level: LoggingLevel
    """The severity of this log message."""
    logger: str | None = None
    """An optional name of the logger issuing this message."""
    data: Any
    """
    The data to be logged, such as a string message or an object. Any JSON serializable
    type is allowed here.
    """
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class LoggingMessageNotification(Notification):
    """Notification of a log message passed from server to client."""

    method: Literal["notifications/message"]
    params: LoggingMessageNotificationParams


IncludeContext = Literal["none", "thisServer", "allServers"]


class ModelHint(BaseModel):
    """Hints to use for model selection."""

    name: str | None = None
    """A hint for a model name."""

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ModelPreferences(BaseModel):
    """
    The server's preferences for model selection, requested of the client during
    sampling.

    Because LLMs can vary along multiple dimensions, choosing the "best" model is
    rarely straightforward.  Different models excel in different areas—some are
    faster but less capable, others are more capable but more expensive, and so
    on. This interface allows servers to express their priorities across multiple
    dimensions to help clients make an appropriate selection for their use case.

    These preferences are always advisory. The client MAY ignore them. It is also
    up to the client to decide how to interpret these preferences and how to
    balance them against other considerations.
    """

    hints: list[ModelHint] | None = None
    """
    Optional hints to use for model selection.

    If multiple hints are specified, the client MUST evaluate them in order
    (such that the first match is taken).

    The client SHOULD prioritize these hints over the numeric priorities, but
    MAY still use the priorities to select from ambiguous matches.
    """

    costPriority: float | None = None
    """
    How much to prioritize cost when selecting a model. A value of 0 means cost
    is not important, while a value of 1 means cost is the most important
    factor.
    """

    speedPriority: float | None = None
    """
    How much to prioritize sampling speed (latency) when selecting a model. A
    value of 0 means speed is not important, while a value of 1 means speed is
    the most important factor.
    """

    intelligencePriority: float | None = None
    """
    How much to prioritize intelligence and capabilities when selecting a
    model. A value of 0 means intelligence is not important, while a value of 1
    means intelligence is the most important factor.
    """

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class CreateMessageRequestParams(RequestParams):
    """Parameters for creating a message."""

    messages: list[SamplingMessage]
    modelPreferences: ModelPreferences | None = None
    """
    The server's preferences for which model to select. The client MAY ignore
    these preferences.
    """
    systemPrompt: str | None = None
    """An optional system prompt the server wants to use for sampling."""
    includeContext: IncludeContext | None = None
    """
    A request to include context from one or more MCP servers (including the caller), to
    be attached to the prompt.
    """
    temperature: float | None = None
    maxTokens: int
    """The maximum number of tokens to sample, as requested by the server."""
    stopSequences: list[str] | None = None
    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    """Optional metadata to pass through to the LLM provider."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class CreateMessageRequest(Request):
    """A request from the server to sample an LLM via the client."""

    method: Literal["sampling/createMessage"]
    params: CreateMessageRequestParams


StopReason = Literal["endTurn", "stopSequence", "maxTokens"] | str


class CreateMessageResult(Result):
    """The client's response to a sampling/create_message request from the server."""

    role: Role
    content: TextContent | ImageContent
    model: str
    """The name of the model that generated the message."""
    stopReason: StopReason | None = None
    """The reason why sampling stopped, if known."""


class ResourceReference(BaseModel):
    """A reference to a resource or resource template definition."""

    type: Literal["ref/resource"]
    uri: str
    """The URI or URI template of the resource."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class PromptReference(BaseModel):
    """Identifies a prompt."""

    type: Literal["ref/prompt"]
    name: str
    """The name of the prompt or prompt template"""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class CompletionArgument(BaseModel):
    """The argument's information for completion requests."""

    name: str
    """The name of the argument"""
    value: str
    """The value of the argument to use for completion matching."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class CompleteRequestParams(RequestParams):
    """Parameters for completion requests."""

    ref: ResourceReference | PromptReference
    argument: CompletionArgument
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class CompleteRequest(Request):
    """A request from the client to the server, to ask for completion options."""

    method: Literal["completion/complete"]
    params: CompleteRequestParams


class Completion(BaseModel):
    """Completion information."""

    values: list[str]
    """An array of completion values. Must not exceed 100 items."""
    total: int | None = None
    """
    The total number of completion options available. This can exceed the number of
    values actually sent in the response.
    """
    hasMore: bool | None = None
    """
    Indicates whether there are additional completion options beyond those provided in
    the current response, even if the exact total is unknown.
    """
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class CompleteResult(Result):
    """The server's response to a completion/complete request"""

    completion: Completion


class ListRootsRequest(Request):
    """
    Sent from the server to request a list of root URIs from the client. Roots allow
    servers to ask for specific directories or files to operate on. A common example
    for roots is providing a set of repositories or directories a server should operate
    on.

    This request is typically used when the server needs to understand the file system
    structure or access specific locations that the client has permission to read from.
    """

    method: Literal["roots/list"]
    params: RequestParams | None = None


class Root(BaseModel):
    """Represents a root directory or file that the server can operate on."""

    uri: FileUrl
    """
    The URI identifying the root. This *must* start with file:// for now.
    This restriction may be relaxed in future versions of the protocol to allow
    other URI schemes.
    """
    name: str | None = None
    """
    An optional name for the root. This can be used to provide a human-readable
    identifier for the root, which may be useful for display purposes or for
    referencing the root in other parts of the application.
    """
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class ListRootsResult(Result):
    """
    The client's response to a roots/list request from the server.
    This result contains an array of Root objects, each representing a root directory
    or file that the server can operate on.
    """

    roots: list[Root]


class RootsListChangedNotification(Notification):
    """
    A notification from the client to the server, informing it that the list of
    roots has changed.

    This notification should be sent whenever the client adds, removes, or
    modifies any root. The server should then request an updated list of roots
    using the ListRootsRequest.
    """

    method: Literal["notifications/roots/list_changed"]
    params: NotificationParams | None = None


class CancelledNotificationParams(NotificationParams):
    """Parameters for cancellation notifications."""

    requestId: RequestId
    """The ID of the request to cancel."""
    reason: str | None = None
    """An optional string describing the reason for the cancellation."""
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")


class CancelledNotification(Notification):
    """
    This notification can be sent by either side to indicate that it is cancelling a
    previously-issued request.
    """

    method: Literal["notifications/cancelled"]
    params: CancelledNotificationParams


class ClientRequest(
    RootModel[
        PingRequest
        | InitializeRequest
        | CompleteRequest
        | SetLevelRequest
        | GetPromptRequest
        | ListPromptsRequest
        | ListResourcesRequest
        | ListResourceTemplatesRequest
        | ReadResourceRequest
        | SubscribeRequest
        | UnsubscribeRequest
        | CallToolRequest
        | ListToolsRequest
    ]
):
    pass


class ClientNotification(
    RootModel[
        CancelledNotification
        | ProgressNotification
        | InitializedNotification
        | RootsListChangedNotification
    ]
):
    pass


class ClientResult(RootModel[EmptyResult | CreateMessageResult | ListRootsResult]):
    pass


class ServerRequest(RootModel[PingRequest | CreateMessageRequest | ListRootsRequest]):
    pass


class ServerNotification(
    RootModel[
        CancelledNotification
        | ProgressNotification
        | LoggingMessageNotification
        | ResourceUpdatedNotification
        | ResourceListChangedNotification
        | ToolListChangedNotification
        | PromptListChangedNotification
    ]
):
    pass


class ServerResult(
    RootModel[
        EmptyResult
        | InitializeResult
        | CompleteResult
        | GetPromptResult
        | ListPromptsResult
        | ListResourcesResult
        | ListResourceTemplatesResult
        | ReadResourceResult
        | CallToolResult
        | ListToolsResult
    ]
):
    pass


================================================
File: src/mcp/cli/__init__.py
================================================
"""FastMCP CLI package."""

from .cli import app

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app()


================================================
File: src/mcp/cli/claude.py
================================================
"""Claude app integration utilities."""

import json
import sys
from pathlib import Path

from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import get_logger

logger = get_logger(__name__)

MCP_PACKAGE = "mcp[cli]"


def get_claude_config_path() -> Path | None:
    """Get the Claude config directory based on platform."""
    if sys.platform == "win32":
        path = Path(Path.home(), "AppData", "Roaming", "Claude")
    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
        path = Path(Path.home(), "Library", "Application Support", "Claude")
    else:
        return None

    if path.exists():
        return path
    return None


def update_claude_config(
    file_spec: str,
    server_name: str,
    *,
    with_editable: Path | None = None,
    with_packages: list[str] | None = None,
    env_vars: dict[str, str] | None = None,
) -> bool:
    """Add or update a FastMCP server in Claude's configuration.

    Args:
        file_spec: Path to the server file, optionally with :object suffix
        server_name: Name for the server in Claude's config
        with_editable: Optional directory to install in editable mode
        with_packages: Optional list of additional packages to install
        env_vars: Optional dictionary of environment variables. These are merged with
            any existing variables, with new values taking precedence.

    Raises:
        RuntimeError: If Claude Desktop's config directory is not found, indicating
            Claude Desktop may not be installed or properly set up.
    """
    config_dir = get_claude_config_path()
    if not config_dir:
        raise RuntimeError(
            "Claude Desktop config directory not found. Please ensure Claude Desktop"
            " is installed and has been run at least once to initialize its config."
        )

    config_file = config_dir / "claude_desktop_config.json"
    if not config_file.exists():
        try:
            config_file.write_text("{}")
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(
                "Failed to create Claude config file",
                extra={
                    "error": str(e),
                    "config_file": str(config_file),
                },
            )
            return False

    try:
        config = json.loads(config_file.read_text())
        if "mcpServers" not in config:
            config["mcpServers"] = {}

        # Always preserve existing env vars and merge with new ones
        if (
            server_name in config["mcpServers"]
            and "env" in config["mcpServers"][server_name]
        ):
            existing_env = config["mcpServers"][server_name]["env"]
            if env_vars:
                # New vars take precedence over existing ones
                env_vars = {**existing_env, **env_vars}
            else:
                env_vars = existing_env

        # Build uv run command
        args = ["run"]

        # Collect all packages in a set to deduplicate
        packages = {MCP_PACKAGE}
        if with_packages:
            packages.update(pkg for pkg in with_packages if pkg)

        # Add all packages with --with
        for pkg in sorted(packages):
            args.extend(["--with", pkg])

        if with_editable:
            args.extend(["--with-editable", str(with_editable)])

        # Convert file path to absolute before adding to command
        # Split off any :object suffix first
        if ":" in file_spec:
            file_path, server_object = file_spec.rsplit(":", 1)
            file_spec = f"{Path(file_path).resolve()}:{server_object}"
        else:
            file_spec = str(Path(file_spec).resolve())

        # Add fastmcp run command
        args.extend(["mcp", "run", file_spec])

        server_config = {
            "command": "uv",
            "args": args,
        }

        # Add environment variables if specified
        if env_vars:
            server_config["env"] = env_vars

        config["mcpServers"][server_name] = server_config

        config_file.write_text(json.dumps(config, indent=2))
        logger.info(
            f"Added server '{server_name}' to Claude config",
            extra={"config_file": str(config_file)},
        )
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(
            "Failed to update Claude config",
            extra={
                "error": str(e),
                "config_file": str(config_file),
            },
        )
        return False


================================================
File: src/mcp/cli/cli.py
================================================
"""MCP CLI tools."""

import importlib.metadata
import importlib.util
import os
import subprocess
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Annotated

try:
    import typer
except ImportError:
    print("Error: typer is required. Install with 'pip install mcp[cli]'")
    sys.exit(1)

try:
    from mcp.cli import claude
    from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import get_logger
except ImportError:
    print("Error: mcp.server.fastmcp is not installed or not in PYTHONPATH")
    sys.exit(1)

try:
    import dotenv
except ImportError:
    dotenv = None

logger = get_logger("cli")

app = typer.Typer(
    name="mcp",
    help="MCP development tools",
    add_completion=False,
    no_args_is_help=True,  # Show help if no args provided
)


def _get_npx_command():
    """Get the correct npx command for the current platform."""
    if sys.platform == "win32":
        # Try both npx.cmd and npx.exe on Windows
        for cmd in ["npx.cmd", "npx.exe", "npx"]:
            try:
                subprocess.run(
                    [cmd, "--version"], check=True, capture_output=True, shell=True
                )
                return cmd
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                continue
        return None
    return "npx"  # On Unix-like systems, just use npx


def _parse_env_var(env_var: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
    """Parse environment variable string in format KEY=VALUE."""
    if "=" not in env_var:
        logger.error(
            f"Invalid environment variable format: {env_var}. Must be KEY=VALUE"
        )
        sys.exit(1)
    key, value = env_var.split("=", 1)
    return key.strip(), value.strip()


def _build_uv_command(
    file_spec: str,
    with_editable: Path | None = None,
    with_packages: list[str] | None = None,
) -> list[str]:
    """Build the uv run command that runs a MCP server through mcp run."""
    cmd = ["uv"]

    cmd.extend(["run", "--with", "mcp"])

    if with_editable:
        cmd.extend(["--with-editable", str(with_editable)])

    if with_packages:
        for pkg in with_packages:
            if pkg:
                cmd.extend(["--with", pkg])

    # Add mcp run command
    cmd.extend(["mcp", "run", file_spec])
    return cmd


def _parse_file_path(file_spec: str) -> tuple[Path, str | None]:
    """Parse a file path that may include a server object specification.

    Args:
        file_spec: Path to file, optionally with :object suffix

    Returns:
        Tuple of (file_path, server_object)
    """
    # First check if we have a Windows path (e.g., C:\...)
    has_windows_drive = len(file_spec) > 1 and file_spec[1] == ":"

    # Split on the last colon, but only if it's not part of the Windows drive letter
    # and there's actually another colon in the string after the drive letter
    if ":" in (file_spec[2:] if has_windows_drive else file_spec):
        file_str, server_object = file_spec.rsplit(":", 1)
    else:
        file_str, server_object = file_spec, None

    # Resolve the file path
    file_path = Path(file_str).expanduser().resolve()
    if not file_path.exists():
        logger.error(f"File not found: {file_path}")
        sys.exit(1)
    if not file_path.is_file():
        logger.error(f"Not a file: {file_path}")
        sys.exit(1)

    return file_path, server_object


def _import_server(file: Path, server_object: str | None = None):
    """Import a MCP server from a file.

    Args:
        file: Path to the file
        server_object: Optional object name in format "module:object" or just "object"

    Returns:
        The server object
    """
    # Add parent directory to Python path so imports can be resolved
    file_dir = str(file.parent)
    if file_dir not in sys.path:
        sys.path.insert(0, file_dir)

    # Import the module
    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("server_module", file)
    if not spec or not spec.loader:
        logger.error("Could not load module", extra={"file": str(file)})
        sys.exit(1)

    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
    spec.loader.exec_module(module)

    # If no object specified, try common server names
    if not server_object:
        # Look for the most common server object names
        for name in ["mcp", "server", "app"]:
            if hasattr(module, name):
                return getattr(module, name)

        logger.error(
            f"No server object found in {file}. Please either:\n"
            "1. Use a standard variable name (mcp, server, or app)\n"
            "2. Specify the object name with file:object syntax",
            extra={"file": str(file)},
        )
        sys.exit(1)

    # Handle module:object syntax
    if ":" in server_object:
        module_name, object_name = server_object.split(":", 1)
        try:
            server_module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
            server = getattr(server_module, object_name, None)
        except ImportError:
            logger.error(
                f"Could not import module '{module_name}'",
                extra={"file": str(file)},
            )
            sys.exit(1)
    else:
        # Just object name
        server = getattr(module, server_object, None)

    if server is None:
        logger.error(
            f"Server object '{server_object}' not found",
            extra={"file": str(file)},
        )
        sys.exit(1)

    return server


@app.command()
def version() -> None:
    """Show the MCP version."""
    try:
        version = importlib.metadata.version("mcp")
        print(f"MCP version {version}")
    except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
        print("MCP version unknown (package not installed)")
        sys.exit(1)


@app.command()
def dev(
    file_spec: str = typer.Argument(
        ...,
        help="Python file to run, optionally with :object suffix",
    ),
    with_editable: Annotated[
        Path | None,
        typer.Option(
            "--with-editable",
            "-e",
            help="Directory containing pyproject.toml to install in editable mode",
            exists=True,
            file_okay=False,
            resolve_path=True,
        ),
    ] = None,
    with_packages: Annotated[
        list[str],
        typer.Option(
            "--with",
            help="Additional packages to install",
        ),
    ] = [],
) -> None:
    """Run a MCP server with the MCP Inspector."""
    file, server_object = _parse_file_path(file_spec)

    logger.debug(
        "Starting dev server",
        extra={
            "file": str(file),
            "server_object": server_object,
            "with_editable": str(with_editable) if with_editable else None,
            "with_packages": with_packages,
        },
    )

    try:
        # Import server to get dependencies
        server = _import_server(file, server_object)
        if hasattr(server, "dependencies"):
            with_packages = list(set(with_packages + server.dependencies))

        uv_cmd = _build_uv_command(file_spec, with_editable, with_packages)

        # Get the correct npx command
        npx_cmd = _get_npx_command()
        if not npx_cmd:
            logger.error(
                "npx not found. Please ensure Node.js and npm are properly installed "
                "and added to your system PATH."
            )
            sys.exit(1)

        # Run the MCP Inspector command with shell=True on Windows
        shell = sys.platform == "win32"
        process = subprocess.run(
            [npx_cmd, "@modelcontextprotocol/inspector"] + uv_cmd,
            check=True,
            shell=shell,
            env=dict(os.environ.items()),  # Convert to list of tuples for env update
        )
        sys.exit(process.returncode)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        logger.error(
            "Dev server failed",
            extra={
                "file": str(file),
                "error": str(e),
                "returncode": e.returncode,
            },
        )
        sys.exit(e.returncode)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        logger.error(
            "npx not found. Please ensure Node.js and npm are properly installed "
            "and added to your system PATH. You may need to restart your terminal "
            "after installation.",
            extra={"file": str(file)},
        )
        sys.exit(1)


@app.command()
def run(
    file_spec: str = typer.Argument(
        ...,
        help="Python file to run, optionally with :object suffix",
    ),
    transport: Annotated[
        str | None,
        typer.Option(
            "--transport",
            "-t",
            help="Transport protocol to use (stdio or sse)",
        ),
    ] = None,
) -> None:
    """Run a MCP server.

    The server can be specified in two ways:
    1. Module approach: server.py - runs the module directly, expecting a server.run()
       call
    2. Import approach: server.py:app - imports and runs the specified server object

    Note: This command runs the server directly. You are responsible for ensuring
    all dependencies are available. For dependency management, use mcp install
    or mcp dev instead.
    """
    file, server_object = _parse_file_path(file_spec)

    logger.debug(
        "Running server",
        extra={
            "file": str(file),
            "server_object": server_object,
            "transport": transport,
        },
    )

    try:
        # Import and get server object
        server = _import_server(file, server_object)

        # Run the server
        kwargs = {}
        if transport:
            kwargs["transport"] = transport

        server.run(**kwargs)

    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(
            f"Failed to run server: {e}",
            extra={
                "file": str(file),
                "error": str(e),
            },
        )
        sys.exit(1)


@app.command()
def install(
    file_spec: str = typer.Argument(
        ...,
        help="Python file to run, optionally with :object suffix",
    ),
    server_name: Annotated[
        str | None,
        typer.Option(
            "--name",
            "-n",
            help="Custom name for the server (defaults to server's name attribute or"
            " file name)",
        ),
    ] = None,
    with_editable: Annotated[
        Path | None,
        typer.Option(
            "--with-editable",
            "-e",
            help="Directory containing pyproject.toml to install in editable mode",
            exists=True,
            file_okay=False,
            resolve_path=True,
        ),
    ] = None,
    with_packages: Annotated[
        list[str],
        typer.Option(
            "--with",
            help="Additional packages to install",
        ),
    ] = [],
    env_vars: Annotated[
        list[str],
        typer.Option(
            "--env-var",
            "-v",
            help="Environment variables in KEY=VALUE format",
        ),
    ] = [],
    env_file: Annotated[
        Path | None,
        typer.Option(
            "--env-file",
            "-f",
            help="Load environment variables from a .env file",
            exists=True,
            file_okay=True,
            dir_okay=False,
            resolve_path=True,
        ),
    ] = None,
) -> None:
    """Install a MCP server in the Claude desktop app.

    Environment variables are preserved once added and only updated if new values
    are explicitly provided.
    """
    file, server_object = _parse_file_path(file_spec)

    logger.debug(
        "Installing server",
        extra={
            "file": str(file),
            "server_name": server_name,
            "server_object": server_object,
            "with_editable": str(with_editable) if with_editable else None,
            "with_packages": with_packages,
        },
    )

    if not claude.get_claude_config_path():
        logger.error("Claude app not found")
        sys.exit(1)

    # Try to import server to get its name, but fall back to file name if dependencies
    # missing
    name = server_name
    server = None
    if not name:
        try:
            server = _import_server(file, server_object)
            name = server.name
        except (ImportError, ModuleNotFoundError) as e:
            logger.debug(
                "Could not import server (likely missing dependencies), using file"
                " name",
                extra={"error": str(e)},
            )
            name = file.stem

    # Get server dependencies if available
    server_dependencies = getattr(server, "dependencies", []) if server else []
    if server_dependencies:
        with_packages = list(set(with_packages + server_dependencies))

    # Process environment variables if provided
    env_dict: dict[str, str] | None = None
    if env_file or env_vars:
        env_dict = {}
        # Load from .env file if specified
        if env_file:
            if dotenv:
                try:
                    env_dict |= {
                        k: v
                        for k, v in dotenv.dotenv_values(env_file).items()
                        if v is not None
                    }
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.error(f"Failed to load .env file: {e}")
                    sys.exit(1)
            else:
                logger.error("python-dotenv is not installed. Cannot load .env file.")
                sys.exit(1)

        # Add command line environment variables
        for env_var in env_vars:
            key, value = _parse_env_var(env_var)
            env_dict[key] = value

    if claude.update_claude_config(
        file_spec,
        name,
        with_editable=with_editable,
        with_packages=with_packages,
        env_vars=env_dict,
    ):
        logger.info(f"Successfully installed {name} in Claude app")
    else:
        logger.error(f"Failed to install {name} in Claude app")
        sys.exit(1)


================================================
File: src/mcp/client/__main__.py
================================================
import argparse
import logging
import sys
from functools import partial
from urllib.parse import urlparse

import anyio

from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.client.sse import sse_client
from mcp.client.stdio import StdioServerParameters, stdio_client

if not sys.warnoptions:
    import warnings

    warnings.simplefilter("ignore")

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger("client")


async def receive_loop(session: ClientSession):
    logger.info("Starting receive loop")
    async for message in session.incoming_messages:
        if isinstance(message, Exception):
            logger.error("Error: %s", message)
            continue

        logger.info("Received message from server: %s", message)


async def run_session(read_stream, write_stream):
    async with (
        ClientSession(read_stream, write_stream) as session,
        anyio.create_task_group() as tg,
    ):
        tg.start_soon(receive_loop, session)

        logger.info("Initializing session")
        await session.initialize()
        logger.info("Initialized")


async def main(command_or_url: str, args: list[str], env: list[tuple[str, str]]):
    env_dict = dict(env)

    if urlparse(command_or_url).scheme in ("http", "https"):
        # Use SSE client for HTTP(S) URLs
        async with sse_client(command_or_url) as streams:
            await run_session(*streams)
    else:
        # Use stdio client for commands
        server_parameters = StdioServerParameters(
            command=command_or_url, args=args, env=env_dict
        )
        async with stdio_client(server_parameters) as streams:
            await run_session(*streams)


def cli():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("command_or_url", help="Command or URL to connect to")
    parser.add_argument("args", nargs="*", help="Additional arguments")
    parser.add_argument(
        "-e",
        "--env",
        nargs=2,
        action="append",
        metavar=("KEY", "VALUE"),
        help="Environment variables to set. Can be used multiple times.",
        default=[],
    )

    args = parser.parse_args()
    anyio.run(partial(main, args.command_or_url, args.args, args.env), backend="trio")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    cli()


================================================
File: src/mcp/client/session.py
================================================
from datetime import timedelta

from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
from pydantic import AnyUrl

import mcp.types as types
from mcp.shared.session import BaseSession
from mcp.shared.version import SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS


class ClientSession(
    BaseSession[
        types.ClientRequest,
        types.ClientNotification,
        types.ClientResult,
        types.ServerRequest,
        types.ServerNotification,
    ]
):
    def __init__(
        self,
        read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception],
        write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage],
        read_timeout_seconds: timedelta | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(
            read_stream,
            write_stream,
            types.ServerRequest,
            types.ServerNotification,
            read_timeout_seconds=read_timeout_seconds,
        )

    async def initialize(self) -> types.InitializeResult:
        result = await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.InitializeRequest(
                    method="initialize",
                    params=types.InitializeRequestParams(
                        protocolVersion=types.LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
                        capabilities=types.ClientCapabilities(
                            sampling=None,
                            experimental=None,
                            roots=types.RootsCapability(
                                # TODO: Should this be based on whether we
                                # _will_ send notifications, or only whether
                                # they're supported?
                                listChanged=True
                            ),
                        ),
                        clientInfo=types.Implementation(name="mcp", version="0.1.0"),
                    ),
                )
            ),
            types.InitializeResult,
        )

        if result.protocolVersion not in SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "Unsupported protocol version from the server: "
                f"{result.protocolVersion}"
            )

        await self.send_notification(
            types.ClientNotification(
                types.InitializedNotification(method="notifications/initialized")
            )
        )

        return result

    async def send_ping(self) -> types.EmptyResult:
        """Send a ping request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.PingRequest(
                    method="ping",
                )
            ),
            types.EmptyResult,
        )

    async def send_progress_notification(
        self, progress_token: str | int, progress: float, total: float | None = None
    ) -> None:
        """Send a progress notification."""
        await self.send_notification(
            types.ClientNotification(
                types.ProgressNotification(
                    method="notifications/progress",
                    params=types.ProgressNotificationParams(
                        progressToken=progress_token,
                        progress=progress,
                        total=total,
                    ),
                ),
            )
        )

    async def set_logging_level(self, level: types.LoggingLevel) -> types.EmptyResult:
        """Send a logging/setLevel request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.SetLevelRequest(
                    method="logging/setLevel",
                    params=types.SetLevelRequestParams(level=level),
                )
            ),
            types.EmptyResult,
        )

    async def list_resources(self) -> types.ListResourcesResult:
        """Send a resources/list request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.ListResourcesRequest(
                    method="resources/list",
                )
            ),
            types.ListResourcesResult,
        )

    async def list_resource_templates(self) -> types.ListResourceTemplatesResult:
        """Send a resources/templates/list request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.ListResourceTemplatesRequest(
                    method="resources/templates/list",
                )
            ),
            types.ListResourceTemplatesResult,
        )

    async def read_resource(self, uri: AnyUrl) -> types.ReadResourceResult:
        """Send a resources/read request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.ReadResourceRequest(
                    method="resources/read",
                    params=types.ReadResourceRequestParams(uri=uri),
                )
            ),
            types.ReadResourceResult,
        )

    async def subscribe_resource(self, uri: AnyUrl) -> types.EmptyResult:
        """Send a resources/subscribe request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.SubscribeRequest(
                    method="resources/subscribe",
                    params=types.SubscribeRequestParams(uri=uri),
                )
            ),
            types.EmptyResult,
        )

    async def unsubscribe_resource(self, uri: AnyUrl) -> types.EmptyResult:
        """Send a resources/unsubscribe request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.UnsubscribeRequest(
                    method="resources/unsubscribe",
                    params=types.UnsubscribeRequestParams(uri=uri),
                )
            ),
            types.EmptyResult,
        )

    async def call_tool(
        self, name: str, arguments: dict | None = None
    ) -> types.CallToolResult:
        """Send a tools/call request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.CallToolRequest(
                    method="tools/call",
                    params=types.CallToolRequestParams(name=name, arguments=arguments),
                )
            ),
            types.CallToolResult,
        )

    async def list_prompts(self) -> types.ListPromptsResult:
        """Send a prompts/list request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.ListPromptsRequest(
                    method="prompts/list",
                )
            ),
            types.ListPromptsResult,
        )

    async def get_prompt(
        self, name: str, arguments: dict[str, str] | None = None
    ) -> types.GetPromptResult:
        """Send a prompts/get request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.GetPromptRequest(
                    method="prompts/get",
                    params=types.GetPromptRequestParams(name=name, arguments=arguments),
                )
            ),
            types.GetPromptResult,
        )

    async def complete(
        self, ref: types.ResourceReference | types.PromptReference, argument: dict
    ) -> types.CompleteResult:
        """Send a completion/complete request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.CompleteRequest(
                    method="completion/complete",
                    params=types.CompleteRequestParams(
                        ref=ref,
                        argument=types.CompletionArgument(**argument),
                    ),
                )
            ),
            types.CompleteResult,
        )

    async def list_tools(self) -> types.ListToolsResult:
        """Send a tools/list request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ClientRequest(
                types.ListToolsRequest(
                    method="tools/list",
                )
            ),
            types.ListToolsResult,
        )

    async def send_roots_list_changed(self) -> None:
        """Send a roots/list_changed notification."""
        await self.send_notification(
            types.ClientNotification(
                types.RootsListChangedNotification(
                    method="notifications/roots/list_changed",
                )
            )
        )


================================================
File: src/mcp/client/sse.py
================================================
import logging
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from typing import Any
from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse

import anyio
import httpx
from anyio.abc import TaskStatus
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
from httpx_sse import aconnect_sse

import mcp.types as types

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def remove_request_params(url: str) -> str:
    return urljoin(url, urlparse(url).path)


@asynccontextmanager
async def sse_client(
    url: str,
    headers: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
    timeout: float = 5,
    sse_read_timeout: float = 60 * 5,
):
    """
    Client transport for SSE.

    `sse_read_timeout` determines how long (in seconds) the client will wait for a new
    event before disconnecting. All other HTTP operations are controlled by `timeout`.
    """
    read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]
    read_stream_writer: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]

    write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]
    write_stream_reader: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]

    read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
    write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)

    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
        try:
            logger.info(f"Connecting to SSE endpoint: {remove_request_params(url)}")
            async with httpx.AsyncClient(headers=headers) as client:
                async with aconnect_sse(
                    client,
                    "GET",
                    url,
                    timeout=httpx.Timeout(timeout, read=sse_read_timeout),
                ) as event_source:
                    event_source.response.raise_for_status()
                    logger.debug("SSE connection established")

                    async def sse_reader(
                        task_status: TaskStatus[str] = anyio.TASK_STATUS_IGNORED,
                    ):
                        try:
                            async for sse in event_source.aiter_sse():
                                logger.debug(f"Received SSE event: {sse.event}")
                                match sse.event:
                                    case "endpoint":
                                        endpoint_url = urljoin(url, sse.data)
                                        logger.info(
                                            f"Received endpoint URL: {endpoint_url}"
                                        )

                                        url_parsed = urlparse(url)
                                        endpoint_parsed = urlparse(endpoint_url)
                                        if (
                                            url_parsed.netloc != endpoint_parsed.netloc
                                            or url_parsed.scheme
                                            != endpoint_parsed.scheme
                                        ):
                                            error_msg = (
                                                "Endpoint origin does not match "
                                                f"connection origin: {endpoint_url}"
                                            )
                                            logger.error(error_msg)
                                            raise ValueError(error_msg)

                                        task_status.started(endpoint_url)

                                    case "message":
                                        try:
                                            message = types.JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(  # noqa: E501
                                                sse.data
                                            )
                                            logger.debug(
                                                f"Received server message: {message}"
                                            )
                                        except Exception as exc:
                                            logger.error(
                                                f"Error parsing server message: {exc}"
                                            )
                                            await read_stream_writer.send(exc)
                                            continue

                                        await read_stream_writer.send(message)
                        except Exception as exc:
                            logger.error(f"Error in sse_reader: {exc}")
                            await read_stream_writer.send(exc)
                        finally:
                            await read_stream_writer.aclose()

                    async def post_writer(endpoint_url: str):
                        try:
                            async with write_stream_reader:
                                async for message in write_stream_reader:
                                    logger.debug(f"Sending client message: {message}")
                                    response = await client.post(
                                        endpoint_url,
                                        json=message.model_dump(
                                            by_alias=True,
                                            mode="json",
                                            exclude_none=True,
                                        ),
                                    )
                                    response.raise_for_status()
                                    logger.debug(
                                        "Client message sent successfully: "
                                        f"{response.status_code}"
                                    )
                        except Exception as exc:
                            logger.error(f"Error in post_writer: {exc}")
                        finally:
                            await write_stream.aclose()

                    endpoint_url = await tg.start(sse_reader)
                    logger.info(
                        f"Starting post writer with endpoint URL: {endpoint_url}"
                    )
                    tg.start_soon(post_writer, endpoint_url)

                    try:
                        yield read_stream, write_stream
                    finally:
                        tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
        finally:
            await read_stream_writer.aclose()
            await write_stream.aclose()


================================================
File: src/mcp/client/stdio.py
================================================
import os
import sys
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from typing import Literal

import anyio
import anyio.lowlevel
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
from anyio.streams.text import TextReceiveStream
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

import mcp.types as types

# Environment variables to inherit by default
DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS = (
    [
        "APPDATA",
        "HOMEDRIVE",
        "HOMEPATH",
        "LOCALAPPDATA",
        "PATH",
        "PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE",
        "SYSTEMDRIVE",
        "SYSTEMROOT",
        "TEMP",
        "USERNAME",
        "USERPROFILE",
    ]
    if sys.platform == "win32"
    else ["HOME", "LOGNAME", "PATH", "SHELL", "TERM", "USER"]
)


def get_default_environment() -> dict[str, str]:
    """
    Returns a default environment object including only environment variables deemed
    safe to inherit.
    """
    env: dict[str, str] = {}

    for key in DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS:
        value = os.environ.get(key)
        if value is None:
            continue

        if value.startswith("()"):
            # Skip functions, which are a security risk
            continue

        env[key] = value

    return env


class StdioServerParameters(BaseModel):
    command: str
    """The executable to run to start the server."""

    args: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
    """Command line arguments to pass to the executable."""

    env: dict[str, str] | None = None
    """
    The environment to use when spawning the process.

    If not specified, the result of get_default_environment() will be used.
    """

    encoding: str = "utf-8"
    """
    The text encoding used when sending/receiving messages to the server

    defaults to utf-8
    """

    encoding_error_handler: Literal["strict", "ignore", "replace"] = "strict"
    """
    The text encoding error handler.

    See https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-base-classes for
    explanations of possible values
    """


@asynccontextmanager
async def stdio_client(server: StdioServerParameters):
    """
    Client transport for stdio: this will connect to a server by spawning a
    process and communicating with it over stdin/stdout.
    """
    read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]
    read_stream_writer: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]

    write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]
    write_stream_reader: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]

    read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
    write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)

    process = await anyio.open_process(
        [server.command, *server.args],
        env=server.env if server.env is not None else get_default_environment(),
        stderr=sys.stderr,
    )

    async def stdout_reader():
        assert process.stdout, "Opened process is missing stdout"

        try:
            async with read_stream_writer:
                buffer = ""
                async for chunk in TextReceiveStream(
                    process.stdout,
                    encoding=server.encoding,
                    errors=server.encoding_error_handler,
                ):
                    lines = (buffer + chunk).split("\n")
                    buffer = lines.pop()

                    for line in lines:
                        try:
                            message = types.JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(line)
                        except Exception as exc:
                            await read_stream_writer.send(exc)
                            continue

                        await read_stream_writer.send(message)
        except anyio.ClosedResourceError:
            await anyio.lowlevel.checkpoint()

    async def stdin_writer():
        assert process.stdin, "Opened process is missing stdin"

        try:
            async with write_stream_reader:
                async for message in write_stream_reader:
                    json = message.model_dump_json(by_alias=True, exclude_none=True)
                    await process.stdin.send(
                        (json + "\n").encode(
                            encoding=server.encoding,
                            errors=server.encoding_error_handler,
                        )
                    )
        except anyio.ClosedResourceError:
            await anyio.lowlevel.checkpoint()

    async with (
        anyio.create_task_group() as tg,
        process,
    ):
        tg.start_soon(stdout_reader)
        tg.start_soon(stdin_writer)
        yield read_stream, write_stream


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/__init__.py
================================================
from .fastmcp import FastMCP
from .lowlevel import NotificationOptions, Server

__all__ = ["Server", "FastMCP", "NotificationOptions"]


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/__main__.py
================================================
import importlib.metadata
import logging
import sys

import anyio

from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
from mcp.server.session import ServerSession
from mcp.server.stdio import stdio_server
from mcp.types import ServerCapabilities

if not sys.warnoptions:
    import warnings

    warnings.simplefilter("ignore")

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger("server")


async def receive_loop(session: ServerSession):
    logger.info("Starting receive loop")
    async for message in session.incoming_messages:
        if isinstance(message, Exception):
            logger.error("Error: %s", message)
            continue

        logger.info("Received message from client: %s", message)


async def main():
    version = importlib.metadata.version("mcp")
    async with stdio_server() as (read_stream, write_stream):
        async with (
            ServerSession(
                read_stream,
                write_stream,
                InitializationOptions(
                    server_name="mcp",
                    server_version=version,
                    capabilities=ServerCapabilities(),
                ),
            ) as session,
            write_stream,
        ):
            await receive_loop(session)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    anyio.run(main, backend="trio")


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/models.py
================================================
"""
This module provides simpler types to use with the server for managing prompts
and tools.
"""

from pydantic import BaseModel

from mcp.types import (
    ServerCapabilities,
)


class InitializationOptions(BaseModel):
    server_name: str
    server_version: str
    capabilities: ServerCapabilities
    instructions: str | None = None


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/session.py
================================================
"""
ServerSession Module

This module provides the ServerSession class, which manages communication between the
server and client in the MCP (Model Context Protocol) framework. It is most commonly
used in MCP servers to interact with the client.

Common usage pattern:
```
    server = Server(name)

    @server.call_tool()
    async def handle_tool_call(ctx: RequestContext, arguments: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
        # Check client capabilities before proceeding
        if ctx.session.check_client_capability(
            types.ClientCapabilities(experimental={"advanced_tools": dict()})
        ):
            # Perform advanced tool operations
            result = await perform_advanced_tool_operation(arguments)
        else:
            # Fall back to basic tool operations
            result = await perform_basic_tool_operation(arguments)

        return result

    @server.list_prompts()
    async def handle_list_prompts(ctx: RequestContext) -> list[types.Prompt]:
        # Access session for any necessary checks or operations
        if ctx.session.client_params:
            # Customize prompts based on client initialization parameters
            return generate_custom_prompts(ctx.session.client_params)
        else:
            return default_prompts
```

The ServerSession class is typically used internally by the Server class and should not
be instantiated directly by users of the MCP framework.
"""

from enum import Enum
from typing import Any

import anyio
import anyio.lowlevel
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
from pydantic import AnyUrl

import mcp.types as types
from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
from mcp.shared.session import (
    BaseSession,
    RequestResponder,
)


class InitializationState(Enum):
    NotInitialized = 1
    Initializing = 2
    Initialized = 3


class ServerSession(
    BaseSession[
        types.ServerRequest,
        types.ServerNotification,
        types.ServerResult,
        types.ClientRequest,
        types.ClientNotification,
    ]
):
    _initialized: InitializationState = InitializationState.NotInitialized
    _client_params: types.InitializeRequestParams | None = None

    def __init__(
        self,
        read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception],
        write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage],
        init_options: InitializationOptions,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(
            read_stream, write_stream, types.ClientRequest, types.ClientNotification
        )
        self._initialization_state = InitializationState.NotInitialized
        self._init_options = init_options

    @property
    def client_params(self) -> types.InitializeRequestParams | None:
        return self._client_params

    def check_client_capability(self, capability: types.ClientCapabilities) -> bool:
        """Check if the client supports a specific capability."""
        if self._client_params is None:
            return False

        # Get client capabilities from initialization params
        client_caps = self._client_params.capabilities

        # Check each specified capability in the passed in capability object
        if capability.roots is not None:
            if client_caps.roots is None:
                return False
            if capability.roots.listChanged and not client_caps.roots.listChanged:
                return False

        if capability.sampling is not None:
            if client_caps.sampling is None:
                return False

        if capability.experimental is not None:
            if client_caps.experimental is None:
                return False
            # Check each experimental capability
            for exp_key, exp_value in capability.experimental.items():
                if (
                    exp_key not in client_caps.experimental
                    or client_caps.experimental[exp_key] != exp_value
                ):
                    return False

        return True

    async def _received_request(
        self, responder: RequestResponder[types.ClientRequest, types.ServerResult]
    ):
        match responder.request.root:
            case types.InitializeRequest(params=params):
                self._initialization_state = InitializationState.Initializing
                self._client_params = params
                with responder:
                    await responder.respond(
                        types.ServerResult(
                            types.InitializeResult(
                                protocolVersion=types.LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
                                capabilities=self._init_options.capabilities,
                                serverInfo=types.Implementation(
                                    name=self._init_options.server_name,
                                    version=self._init_options.server_version,
                                ),
                                instructions=self._init_options.instructions,
                            )
                        )
                    )
            case _:
                if self._initialization_state != InitializationState.Initialized:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        "Received request before initialization was complete"
                    )

    async def _received_notification(
        self, notification: types.ClientNotification
    ) -> None:
        # Need this to avoid ASYNC910
        await anyio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
        match notification.root:
            case types.InitializedNotification():
                self._initialization_state = InitializationState.Initialized
            case _:
                if self._initialization_state != InitializationState.Initialized:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        "Received notification before initialization was complete"
                    )

    async def send_log_message(
        self, level: types.LoggingLevel, data: Any, logger: str | None = None
    ) -> None:
        """Send a log message notification."""
        await self.send_notification(
            types.ServerNotification(
                types.LoggingMessageNotification(
                    method="notifications/message",
                    params=types.LoggingMessageNotificationParams(
                        level=level,
                        data=data,
                        logger=logger,
                    ),
                )
            )
        )

    async def send_resource_updated(self, uri: AnyUrl) -> None:
        """Send a resource updated notification."""
        await self.send_notification(
            types.ServerNotification(
                types.ResourceUpdatedNotification(
                    method="notifications/resources/updated",
                    params=types.ResourceUpdatedNotificationParams(uri=uri),
                )
            )
        )

    async def create_message(
        self,
        messages: list[types.SamplingMessage],
        *,
        max_tokens: int,
        system_prompt: str | None = None,
        include_context: types.IncludeContext | None = None,
        temperature: float | None = None,
        stop_sequences: list[str] | None = None,
        metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        model_preferences: types.ModelPreferences | None = None,
    ) -> types.CreateMessageResult:
        """Send a sampling/create_message request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ServerRequest(
                types.CreateMessageRequest(
                    method="sampling/createMessage",
                    params=types.CreateMessageRequestParams(
                        messages=messages,
                        systemPrompt=system_prompt,
                        includeContext=include_context,
                        temperature=temperature,
                        maxTokens=max_tokens,
                        stopSequences=stop_sequences,
                        metadata=metadata,
                        modelPreferences=model_preferences,
                    ),
                )
            ),
            types.CreateMessageResult,
        )

    async def list_roots(self) -> types.ListRootsResult:
        """Send a roots/list request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ServerRequest(
                types.ListRootsRequest(
                    method="roots/list",
                )
            ),
            types.ListRootsResult,
        )

    async def send_ping(self) -> types.EmptyResult:
        """Send a ping request."""
        return await self.send_request(
            types.ServerRequest(
                types.PingRequest(
                    method="ping",
                )
            ),
            types.EmptyResult,
        )

    async def send_progress_notification(
        self, progress_token: str | int, progress: float, total: float | None = None
    ) -> None:
        """Send a progress notification."""
        await self.send_notification(
            types.ServerNotification(
                types.ProgressNotification(
                    method="notifications/progress",
                    params=types.ProgressNotificationParams(
                        progressToken=progress_token,
                        progress=progress,
                        total=total,
                    ),
                )
            )
        )

    async def send_resource_list_changed(self) -> None:
        """Send a resource list changed notification."""
        await self.send_notification(
            types.ServerNotification(
                types.ResourceListChangedNotification(
                    method="notifications/resources/list_changed",
                )
            )
        )

    async def send_tool_list_changed(self) -> None:
        """Send a tool list changed notification."""
        await self.send_notification(
            types.ServerNotification(
                types.ToolListChangedNotification(
                    method="notifications/tools/list_changed",
                )
            )
        )

    async def send_prompt_list_changed(self) -> None:
        """Send a prompt list changed notification."""
        await self.send_notification(
            types.ServerNotification(
                types.PromptListChangedNotification(
                    method="notifications/prompts/list_changed",
                )
            )
        )


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/sse.py
================================================
"""
SSE Server Transport Module

This module implements a Server-Sent Events (SSE) transport layer for MCP servers.

Example usage:
```
    # Create an SSE transport at an endpoint
    sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")

    # Create Starlette routes for SSE and message handling
    routes = [
        Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse),
        Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
    ]

    # Define handler functions
    async def handle_sse(request):
        async with sse.connect_sse(
            request.scope, request.receive, request._send
        ) as streams:
            await app.run(
                streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
            )

    # Create and run Starlette app
    starlette_app = Starlette(routes=routes)
    uvicorn.run(starlette_app, host="0.0.0.0", port=port)
```

See SseServerTransport class documentation for more details.
"""

import logging
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from typing import Any
from urllib.parse import quote
from uuid import UUID, uuid4

import anyio
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
from pydantic import ValidationError
from sse_starlette import EventSourceResponse
from starlette.requests import Request
from starlette.responses import Response
from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send

import mcp.types as types

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class SseServerTransport:
    """
    SSE server transport for MCP. This class provides _two_ ASGI applications,
    suitable to be used with a framework like Starlette and a server like Hypercorn:

        1. connect_sse() is an ASGI application which receives incoming GET requests,
           and sets up a new SSE stream to send server messages to the client.
        2. handle_post_message() is an ASGI application which receives incoming POST
           requests, which should contain client messages that link to a
           previously-established SSE session.
    """

    _endpoint: str
    _read_stream_writers: dict[
        UUID, MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]
    ]

    def __init__(self, endpoint: str) -> None:
        """
        Creates a new SSE server transport, which will direct the client to POST
        messages to the relative or absolute URL given.
        """

        super().__init__()
        self._endpoint = endpoint
        self._read_stream_writers = {}
        logger.debug(f"SseServerTransport initialized with endpoint: {endpoint}")

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def connect_sse(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send):
        if scope["type"] != "http":
            logger.error("connect_sse received non-HTTP request")
            raise ValueError("connect_sse can only handle HTTP requests")

        logger.debug("Setting up SSE connection")
        read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]
        read_stream_writer: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]

        write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]
        write_stream_reader: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]

        read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
        write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)

        session_id = uuid4()
        session_uri = f"{quote(self._endpoint)}?session_id={session_id.hex}"
        self._read_stream_writers[session_id] = read_stream_writer
        logger.debug(f"Created new session with ID: {session_id}")

        sse_stream_writer, sse_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
            dict[str, Any]
        ](0)

        async def sse_writer():
            logger.debug("Starting SSE writer")
            async with sse_stream_writer, write_stream_reader:
                await sse_stream_writer.send({"event": "endpoint", "data": session_uri})
                logger.debug(f"Sent endpoint event: {session_uri}")

                async for message in write_stream_reader:
                    logger.debug(f"Sending message via SSE: {message}")
                    await sse_stream_writer.send(
                        {
                            "event": "message",
                            "data": message.model_dump_json(
                                by_alias=True, exclude_none=True
                            ),
                        }
                    )

        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
            response = EventSourceResponse(
                content=sse_stream_reader, data_sender_callable=sse_writer
            )
            logger.debug("Starting SSE response task")
            tg.start_soon(response, scope, receive, send)

            logger.debug("Yielding read and write streams")
            yield (read_stream, write_stream)

    async def handle_post_message(
        self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send
    ) -> None:
        logger.debug("Handling POST message")
        request = Request(scope, receive)

        session_id_param = request.query_params.get("session_id")
        if session_id_param is None:
            logger.warning("Received request without session_id")
            response = Response("session_id is required", status_code=400)
            return await response(scope, receive, send)

        try:
            session_id = UUID(hex=session_id_param)
            logger.debug(f"Parsed session ID: {session_id}")
        except ValueError:
            logger.warning(f"Received invalid session ID: {session_id_param}")
            response = Response("Invalid session ID", status_code=400)
            return await response(scope, receive, send)

        writer = self._read_stream_writers.get(session_id)
        if not writer:
            logger.warning(f"Could not find session for ID: {session_id}")
            response = Response("Could not find session", status_code=404)
            return await response(scope, receive, send)

        json = await request.json()
        logger.debug(f"Received JSON: {json}")

        try:
            message = types.JSONRPCMessage.model_validate(json)
            logger.debug(f"Validated client message: {message}")
        except ValidationError as err:
            logger.error(f"Failed to parse message: {err}")
            response = Response("Could not parse message", status_code=400)
            await response(scope, receive, send)
            await writer.send(err)
            return

        logger.debug(f"Sending message to writer: {message}")
        response = Response("Accepted", status_code=202)
        await response(scope, receive, send)
        await writer.send(message)


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/stdio.py
================================================
"""
Stdio Server Transport Module

This module provides functionality for creating an stdio-based transport layer
that can be used to communicate with an MCP client through standard input/output
streams.

Example usage:
```
    async def run_server():
        async with stdio_server() as (read_stream, write_stream):
            # read_stream contains incoming JSONRPCMessages from stdin
            # write_stream allows sending JSONRPCMessages to stdout
            server = await create_my_server()
            await server.run(read_stream, write_stream, init_options)

    anyio.run(run_server)
```
"""

import sys
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager

import anyio
import anyio.lowlevel
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream

import mcp.types as types


@asynccontextmanager
async def stdio_server(
    stdin: anyio.AsyncFile[str] | None = None,
    stdout: anyio.AsyncFile[str] | None = None,
):
    """
    Server transport for stdio: this communicates with an MCP client by reading
    from the current process' stdin and writing to stdout.
    """
    # Purposely not using context managers for these, as we don't want to close
    # standard process handles.
    if not stdin:
        stdin = anyio.wrap_file(sys.stdin)
    if not stdout:
        stdout = anyio.wrap_file(sys.stdout)

    read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]
    read_stream_writer: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]

    write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]
    write_stream_reader: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]

    read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
    write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)

    async def stdin_reader():
        try:
            async with read_stream_writer:
                async for line in stdin:
                    try:
                        message = types.JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(line)
                    except Exception as exc:
                        await read_stream_writer.send(exc)
                        continue

                    await read_stream_writer.send(message)
        except anyio.ClosedResourceError:
            await anyio.lowlevel.checkpoint()

    async def stdout_writer():
        try:
            async with write_stream_reader:
                async for message in write_stream_reader:
                    json = message.model_dump_json(by_alias=True, exclude_none=True)
                    await stdout.write(json + "\n")
                    await stdout.flush()
        except anyio.ClosedResourceError:
            await anyio.lowlevel.checkpoint()

    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
        tg.start_soon(stdin_reader)
        tg.start_soon(stdout_writer)
        yield read_stream, write_stream


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/websocket.py
================================================
import logging
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager

import anyio
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send
from starlette.websockets import WebSocket

import mcp.types as types

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@asynccontextmanager
async def websocket_server(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send):
    """
    WebSocket server transport for MCP. This is an ASGI application, suitable to be
    used with a framework like Starlette and a server like Hypercorn.
    """

    websocket = WebSocket(scope, receive, send)
    await websocket.accept(subprotocol="mcp")

    read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]
    read_stream_writer: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]

    write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]
    write_stream_reader: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]

    read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
    write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)

    async def ws_reader():
        try:
            async with read_stream_writer:
                async for message in websocket.iter_json():
                    try:
                        client_message = types.JSONRPCMessage.model_validate(message)
                    except Exception as exc:
                        await read_stream_writer.send(exc)
                        continue

                    await read_stream_writer.send(client_message)
        except anyio.ClosedResourceError:
            await websocket.close()

    async def ws_writer():
        try:
            async with write_stream_reader:
                async for message in write_stream_reader:
                    obj = message.model_dump(
                        by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True
                    )
                    await websocket.send_json(obj)
        except anyio.ClosedResourceError:
            await websocket.close()

    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
        tg.start_soon(ws_reader)
        tg.start_soon(ws_writer)
        yield (read_stream, write_stream)


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/__init__.py
================================================
"""FastMCP - A more ergonomic interface for MCP servers."""

from importlib.metadata import version

from .server import Context, FastMCP
from .utilities.types import Image

__version__ = version("mcp")
__all__ = ["FastMCP", "Context", "Image"]


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/exceptions.py
================================================
"""Custom exceptions for FastMCP."""


class FastMCPError(Exception):
    """Base error for FastMCP."""


class ValidationError(FastMCPError):
    """Error in validating parameters or return values."""


class ResourceError(FastMCPError):
    """Error in resource operations."""


class ToolError(FastMCPError):
    """Error in tool operations."""


class InvalidSignature(Exception):
    """Invalid signature for use with FastMCP."""


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/server.py
================================================
"""FastMCP - A more ergonomic interface for MCP servers."""

import inspect
import json
import re
from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
from contextlib import (
    AbstractAsyncContextManager,
    asynccontextmanager,
)
from itertools import chain
from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, Sequence

import anyio
import pydantic_core
import uvicorn
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict

from mcp.server.fastmcp.exceptions import ResourceError
from mcp.server.fastmcp.prompts import Prompt, PromptManager
from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources import FunctionResource, Resource, ResourceManager
from mcp.server.fastmcp.tools import ToolManager
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import configure_logging, get_logger
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.types import Image
from mcp.server.lowlevel.helper_types import ReadResourceContents
from mcp.server.lowlevel.server import (
    LifespanResultT,
)
from mcp.server.lowlevel.server import (
    Server as MCPServer,
)
from mcp.server.lowlevel.server import (
    lifespan as default_lifespan,
)
from mcp.server.sse import SseServerTransport
from mcp.server.stdio import stdio_server
from mcp.shared.context import RequestContext
from mcp.types import (
    AnyFunction,
    EmbeddedResource,
    GetPromptResult,
    ImageContent,
    TextContent,
)
from mcp.types import (
    Prompt as MCPPrompt,
)
from mcp.types import (
    PromptArgument as MCPPromptArgument,
)
from mcp.types import (
    Resource as MCPResource,
)
from mcp.types import (
    ResourceTemplate as MCPResourceTemplate,
)
from mcp.types import (
    Tool as MCPTool,
)

logger = get_logger(__name__)


class Settings(BaseSettings, Generic[LifespanResultT]):
    """FastMCP server settings.

    All settings can be configured via environment variables with the prefix FASTMCP_.
    For example, FASTMCP_DEBUG=true will set debug=True.
    """

    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
        env_prefix="FASTMCP_",
        env_file=".env",
        extra="ignore",
    )

    # Server settings
    debug: bool = False
    log_level: Literal["DEBUG", "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL"] = "INFO"

    # HTTP settings
    host: str = "0.0.0.0"
    port: int = 8000

    # resource settings
    warn_on_duplicate_resources: bool = True

    # tool settings
    warn_on_duplicate_tools: bool = True

    # prompt settings
    warn_on_duplicate_prompts: bool = True

    dependencies: list[str] = Field(
        default_factory=list,
        description="List of dependencies to install in the server environment",
    )

    lifespan: (
        Callable[["FastMCP"], AbstractAsyncContextManager[LifespanResultT]] | None
    ) = Field(None, description="Lifespan context manager")


def lifespan_wrapper(
    app: "FastMCP",
    lifespan: Callable[["FastMCP"], AbstractAsyncContextManager[LifespanResultT]],
) -> Callable[[MCPServer], AbstractAsyncContextManager[object]]:
    @asynccontextmanager
    async def wrap(s: MCPServer) -> AsyncIterator[object]:
        async with lifespan(app) as context:
            yield context

    return wrap


class FastMCP:
    def __init__(
        self, name: str | None = None, instructions: str | None = None, **settings: Any
    ):
        self.settings = Settings(**settings)

        self._mcp_server = MCPServer(
            name=name or "FastMCP",
            instructions=instructions,
            lifespan=lifespan_wrapper(self, self.settings.lifespan)
            if self.settings.lifespan
            else default_lifespan,
        )
        self._tool_manager = ToolManager(
            warn_on_duplicate_tools=self.settings.warn_on_duplicate_tools
        )
        self._resource_manager = ResourceManager(
            warn_on_duplicate_resources=self.settings.warn_on_duplicate_resources
        )
        self._prompt_manager = PromptManager(
            warn_on_duplicate_prompts=self.settings.warn_on_duplicate_prompts
        )
        self.dependencies = self.settings.dependencies

        # Set up MCP protocol handlers
        self._setup_handlers()

        # Configure logging
        configure_logging(self.settings.log_level)

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        return self._mcp_server.name

    @property
    def instructions(self) -> str | None:
        return self._mcp_server.instructions

    def run(self, transport: Literal["stdio", "sse"] = "stdio") -> None:
        """Run the FastMCP server. Note this is a synchronous function.

        Args:
            transport: Transport protocol to use ("stdio" or "sse")
        """
        TRANSPORTS = Literal["stdio", "sse"]
        if transport not in TRANSPORTS.__args__:  # type: ignore
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown transport: {transport}")

        if transport == "stdio":
            anyio.run(self.run_stdio_async)
        else:  # transport == "sse"
            anyio.run(self.run_sse_async)

    def _setup_handlers(self) -> None:
        """Set up core MCP protocol handlers."""
        self._mcp_server.list_tools()(self.list_tools)
        self._mcp_server.call_tool()(self.call_tool)
        self._mcp_server.list_resources()(self.list_resources)
        self._mcp_server.read_resource()(self.read_resource)
        self._mcp_server.list_prompts()(self.list_prompts)
        self._mcp_server.get_prompt()(self.get_prompt)
        self._mcp_server.list_resource_templates()(self.list_resource_templates)

    async def list_tools(self) -> list[MCPTool]:
        """List all available tools."""
        tools = self._tool_manager.list_tools()
        return [
            MCPTool(
                name=info.name,
                description=info.description,
                inputSchema=info.parameters,
            )
            for info in tools
        ]

    def get_context(self) -> "Context":
        """
        Returns a Context object. Note that the context will only be valid
        during a request; outside a request, most methods will error.
        """
        try:
            request_context = self._mcp_server.request_context
        except LookupError:
            request_context = None
        return Context(request_context=request_context, fastmcp=self)

    async def call_tool(
        self, name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Sequence[TextContent | ImageContent | EmbeddedResource]:
        """Call a tool by name with arguments."""
        context = self.get_context()
        result = await self._tool_manager.call_tool(name, arguments, context=context)
        converted_result = _convert_to_content(result)
        return converted_result

    async def list_resources(self) -> list[MCPResource]:
        """List all available resources."""

        resources = self._resource_manager.list_resources()
        return [
            MCPResource(
                uri=resource.uri,
                name=resource.name or "",
                description=resource.description,
                mimeType=resource.mime_type,
            )
            for resource in resources
        ]

    async def list_resource_templates(self) -> list[MCPResourceTemplate]:
        templates = self._resource_manager.list_templates()
        return [
            MCPResourceTemplate(
                uriTemplate=template.uri_template,
                name=template.name,
                description=template.description,
            )
            for template in templates
        ]

    async def read_resource(self, uri: AnyUrl | str) -> ReadResourceContents:
        """Read a resource by URI."""

        resource = await self._resource_manager.get_resource(uri)
        if not resource:
            raise ResourceError(f"Unknown resource: {uri}")

        try:
            content = await resource.read()
            return ReadResourceContents(content=content, mime_type=resource.mime_type)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Error reading resource {uri}: {e}")
            raise ResourceError(str(e))

    def add_tool(
        self,
        fn: AnyFunction,
        name: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        """Add a tool to the server.

        The tool function can optionally request a Context object by adding a parameter
        with the Context type annotation. See the @tool decorator for examples.

        Args:
            fn: The function to register as a tool
            name: Optional name for the tool (defaults to function name)
            description: Optional description of what the tool does
        """
        self._tool_manager.add_tool(fn, name=name, description=description)

    def tool(
        self, name: str | None = None, description: str | None = None
    ) -> Callable[[AnyFunction], AnyFunction]:
        """Decorator to register a tool.

        Tools can optionally request a Context object by adding a parameter with the
        Context type annotation. The context provides access to MCP capabilities like
        logging, progress reporting, and resource access.

        Args:
            name: Optional name for the tool (defaults to function name)
            description: Optional description of what the tool does

        Example:
            @server.tool()
            def my_tool(x: int) -> str:
                return str(x)

            @server.tool()
            def tool_with_context(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
                ctx.info(f"Processing {x}")
                return str(x)

            @server.tool()
            async def async_tool(x: int, context: Context) -> str:
                await context.report_progress(50, 100)
                return str(x)
        """
        # Check if user passed function directly instead of calling decorator
        if callable(name):
            raise TypeError(
                "The @tool decorator was used incorrectly. "
                "Did you forget to call it? Use @tool() instead of @tool"
            )

        def decorator(fn: AnyFunction) -> AnyFunction:
            self.add_tool(fn, name=name, description=description)
            return fn

        return decorator

    def add_resource(self, resource: Resource) -> None:
        """Add a resource to the server.

        Args:
            resource: A Resource instance to add
        """
        self._resource_manager.add_resource(resource)

    def resource(
        self,
        uri: str,
        *,
        name: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
        mime_type: str | None = None,
    ) -> Callable[[AnyFunction], AnyFunction]:
        """Decorator to register a function as a resource.

        The function will be called when the resource is read to generate its content.
        The function can return:
        - str for text content
        - bytes for binary content
        - other types will be converted to JSON

        If the URI contains parameters (e.g. "resource://{param}") or the function
        has parameters, it will be registered as a template resource.

        Args:
            uri: URI for the resource (e.g. "resource://my-resource" or "resource://{param}")
            name: Optional name for the resource
            description: Optional description of the resource
            mime_type: Optional MIME type for the resource

        Example:
            @server.resource("resource://my-resource")
            def get_data() -> str:
                return "Hello, world!"

            @server.resource("resource://my-resource")
            async get_data() -> str:
                data = await fetch_data()
                return f"Hello, world! {data}"

            @server.resource("resource://{city}/weather")
            def get_weather(city: str) -> str:
                return f"Weather for {city}"

            @server.resource("resource://{city}/weather")
            async def get_weather(city: str) -> str:
                data = await fetch_weather(city)
                return f"Weather for {city}: {data}"
        """
        # Check if user passed function directly instead of calling decorator
        if callable(uri):
            raise TypeError(
                "The @resource decorator was used incorrectly. "
                "Did you forget to call it? Use @resource('uri') instead of @resource"
            )

        def decorator(fn: AnyFunction) -> AnyFunction:
            # Check if this should be a template
            has_uri_params = "{" in uri and "}" in uri
            has_func_params = bool(inspect.signature(fn).parameters)

            if has_uri_params or has_func_params:
                # Validate that URI params match function params
                uri_params = set(re.findall(r"{(\w+)}", uri))
                func_params = set(inspect.signature(fn).parameters.keys())

                if uri_params != func_params:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Mismatch between URI parameters {uri_params} "
                        f"and function parameters {func_params}"
                    )

                # Register as template
                self._resource_manager.add_template(
                    fn=fn,
                    uri_template=uri,
                    name=name,
                    description=description,
                    mime_type=mime_type or "text/plain",
                )
            else:
                # Register as regular resource
                resource = FunctionResource(
                    uri=AnyUrl(uri),
                    name=name,
                    description=description,
                    mime_type=mime_type or "text/plain",
                    fn=fn,
                )
                self.add_resource(resource)
            return fn

        return decorator

    def add_prompt(self, prompt: Prompt) -> None:
        """Add a prompt to the server.

        Args:
            prompt: A Prompt instance to add
        """
        self._prompt_manager.add_prompt(prompt)

    def prompt(
        self, name: str | None = None, description: str | None = None
    ) -> Callable[[AnyFunction], AnyFunction]:
        """Decorator to register a prompt.

        Args:
            name: Optional name for the prompt (defaults to function name)
            description: Optional description of what the prompt does

        Example:
            @server.prompt()
            def analyze_table(table_name: str) -> list[Message]:
                schema = read_table_schema(table_name)
                return [
                    {
                        "role": "user",
                        "content": f"Analyze this schema:\n{schema}"
                    }
                ]

            @server.prompt()
            async def analyze_file(path: str) -> list[Message]:
                content = await read_file(path)
                return [
                    {
                        "role": "user",
                        "content": {
                            "type": "resource",
                            "resource": {
                                "uri": f"file://{path}",
                                "text": content
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
        """
        # Check if user passed function directly instead of calling decorator
        if callable(name):
            raise TypeError(
                "The @prompt decorator was used incorrectly. "
                "Did you forget to call it? Use @prompt() instead of @prompt"
            )

        def decorator(func: AnyFunction) -> AnyFunction:
            prompt = Prompt.from_function(func, name=name, description=description)
            self.add_prompt(prompt)
            return func

        return decorator

    async def run_stdio_async(self) -> None:
        """Run the server using stdio transport."""
        async with stdio_server() as (read_stream, write_stream):
            await self._mcp_server.run(
                read_stream,
                write_stream,
                self._mcp_server.create_initialization_options(),
            )

    async def run_sse_async(self) -> None:
        """Run the server using SSE transport."""
        from starlette.applications import Starlette
        from starlette.routing import Mount, Route

        sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")

        async def handle_sse(request):
            async with sse.connect_sse(
                request.scope, request.receive, request._send
            ) as streams:
                await self._mcp_server.run(
                    streams[0],
                    streams[1],
                    self._mcp_server.create_initialization_options(),
                )

        starlette_app = Starlette(
            debug=self.settings.debug,
            routes=[
                Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse),
                Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
            ],
        )

        config = uvicorn.Config(
            starlette_app,
            host=self.settings.host,
            port=self.settings.port,
            log_level=self.settings.log_level.lower(),
        )
        server = uvicorn.Server(config)
        await server.serve()

    async def list_prompts(self) -> list[MCPPrompt]:
        """List all available prompts."""
        prompts = self._prompt_manager.list_prompts()
        return [
            MCPPrompt(
                name=prompt.name,
                description=prompt.description,
                arguments=[
                    MCPPromptArgument(
                        name=arg.name,
                        description=arg.description,
                        required=arg.required,
                    )
                    for arg in (prompt.arguments or [])
                ],
            )
            for prompt in prompts
        ]

    async def get_prompt(
        self, name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    ) -> GetPromptResult:
        """Get a prompt by name with arguments."""
        try:
            messages = await self._prompt_manager.render_prompt(name, arguments)

            return GetPromptResult(messages=pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python(messages))
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Error getting prompt {name}: {e}")
            raise ValueError(str(e))


def _convert_to_content(
    result: Any,
) -> Sequence[TextContent | ImageContent | EmbeddedResource]:
    """Convert a result to a sequence of content objects."""
    if result is None:
        return []

    if isinstance(result, (TextContent, ImageContent, EmbeddedResource)):
        return [result]

    if isinstance(result, Image):
        return [result.to_image_content()]

    if isinstance(result, (list, tuple)):
        return list(chain.from_iterable(_convert_to_content(item) for item in result))

    if not isinstance(result, str):
        try:
            result = json.dumps(pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python(result))
        except Exception:
            result = str(result)

    return [TextContent(type="text", text=result)]


class Context(BaseModel):
    """Context object providing access to MCP capabilities.

    This provides a cleaner interface to MCP's RequestContext functionality.
    It gets injected into tool and resource functions that request it via type hints.

    To use context in a tool function, add a parameter with the Context type annotation:

    ```python
    @server.tool()
    def my_tool(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
        # Log messages to the client
        ctx.info(f"Processing {x}")
        ctx.debug("Debug info")
        ctx.warning("Warning message")
        ctx.error("Error message")

        # Report progress
        ctx.report_progress(50, 100)

        # Access resources
        data = ctx.read_resource("resource://data")

        # Get request info
        request_id = ctx.request_id
        client_id = ctx.client_id

        return str(x)
    ```

    The context parameter name can be anything as long as it's annotated with Context.
    The context is optional - tools that don't need it can omit the parameter.
    """

    _request_context: RequestContext | None
    _fastmcp: FastMCP | None

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        request_context: RequestContext | None = None,
        fastmcp: FastMCP | None = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._request_context = request_context
        self._fastmcp = fastmcp

    @property
    def fastmcp(self) -> FastMCP:
        """Access to the FastMCP server."""
        if self._fastmcp is None:
            raise ValueError("Context is not available outside of a request")
        return self._fastmcp

    @property
    def request_context(self) -> RequestContext:
        """Access to the underlying request context."""
        if self._request_context is None:
            raise ValueError("Context is not available outside of a request")
        return self._request_context

    async def report_progress(
        self, progress: float, total: float | None = None
    ) -> None:
        """Report progress for the current operation.

        Args:
            progress: Current progress value e.g. 24
            total: Optional total value e.g. 100
        """

        progress_token = (
            self.request_context.meta.progressToken
            if self.request_context.meta
            else None
        )

        if progress_token is None:
            return

        await self.request_context.session.send_progress_notification(
            progress_token=progress_token, progress=progress, total=total
        )

    async def read_resource(self, uri: str | AnyUrl) -> ReadResourceContents:
        """Read a resource by URI.

        Args:
            uri: Resource URI to read

        Returns:
            The resource content as either text or bytes
        """
        assert (
            self._fastmcp is not None
        ), "Context is not available outside of a request"
        return await self._fastmcp.read_resource(uri)

    async def log(
        self,
        level: Literal["debug", "info", "warning", "error"],
        message: str,
        *,
        logger_name: str | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        """Send a log message to the client.

        Args:
            level: Log level (debug, info, warning, error)
            message: Log message
            logger_name: Optional logger name
            **extra: Additional structured data to include
        """
        await self.request_context.session.send_log_message(
            level=level, data=message, logger=logger_name
        )

    @property
    def client_id(self) -> str | None:
        """Get the client ID if available."""
        return (
            getattr(self.request_context.meta, "client_id", None)
            if self.request_context.meta
            else None
        )

    @property
    def request_id(self) -> str:
        """Get the unique ID for this request."""
        return str(self.request_context.request_id)

    @property
    def session(self):
        """Access to the underlying session for advanced usage."""
        return self.request_context.session

    # Convenience methods for common log levels
    async def debug(self, message: str, **extra: Any) -> None:
        """Send a debug log message."""
        await self.log("debug", message, **extra)

    async def info(self, message: str, **extra: Any) -> None:
        """Send an info log message."""
        await self.log("info", message, **extra)

    async def warning(self, message: str, **extra: Any) -> None:
        """Send a warning log message."""
        await self.log("warning", message, **extra)

    async def error(self, message: str, **extra: Any) -> None:
        """Send an error log message."""
        await self.log("error", message, **extra)


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/prompts/__init__.py
================================================
from .base import Prompt
from .manager import PromptManager

__all__ = ["Prompt", "PromptManager"]


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/prompts/base.py
================================================
"""Base classes for FastMCP prompts."""

import inspect
import json
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import Any, Awaitable, Literal, Sequence

import pydantic_core
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, TypeAdapter, validate_call

from mcp.types import EmbeddedResource, ImageContent, TextContent

CONTENT_TYPES = TextContent | ImageContent | EmbeddedResource


class Message(BaseModel):
    """Base class for all prompt messages."""

    role: Literal["user", "assistant"]
    content: CONTENT_TYPES

    def __init__(self, content: str | CONTENT_TYPES, **kwargs):
        if isinstance(content, str):
            content = TextContent(type="text", text=content)
        super().__init__(content=content, **kwargs)


class UserMessage(Message):
    """A message from the user."""

    role: Literal["user", "assistant"] = "user"

    def __init__(self, content: str | CONTENT_TYPES, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(content=content, **kwargs)


class AssistantMessage(Message):
    """A message from the assistant."""

    role: Literal["user", "assistant"] = "assistant"

    def __init__(self, content: str | CONTENT_TYPES, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(content=content, **kwargs)


message_validator = TypeAdapter(UserMessage | AssistantMessage)

SyncPromptResult = (
    str | Message | dict[str, Any] | Sequence[str | Message | dict[str, Any]]
)
PromptResult = SyncPromptResult | Awaitable[SyncPromptResult]


class PromptArgument(BaseModel):
    """An argument that can be passed to a prompt."""

    name: str = Field(description="Name of the argument")
    description: str | None = Field(
        None, description="Description of what the argument does"
    )
    required: bool = Field(
        default=False, description="Whether the argument is required"
    )


class Prompt(BaseModel):
    """A prompt template that can be rendered with parameters."""

    name: str = Field(description="Name of the prompt")
    description: str | None = Field(
        None, description="Description of what the prompt does"
    )
    arguments: list[PromptArgument] | None = Field(
        None, description="Arguments that can be passed to the prompt"
    )
    fn: Callable = Field(exclude=True)

    @classmethod
    def from_function(
        cls,
        fn: Callable[..., PromptResult],
        name: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
    ) -> "Prompt":
        """Create a Prompt from a function.

        The function can return:
        - A string (converted to a message)
        - A Message object
        - A dict (converted to a message)
        - A sequence of any of the above
        """
        func_name = name or fn.__name__

        if func_name == "<lambda>":
            raise ValueError("You must provide a name for lambda functions")

        # Get schema from TypeAdapter - will fail if function isn't properly typed
        parameters = TypeAdapter(fn).json_schema()

        # Convert parameters to PromptArguments
        arguments = []
        if "properties" in parameters:
            for param_name, param in parameters["properties"].items():
                required = param_name in parameters.get("required", [])
                arguments.append(
                    PromptArgument(
                        name=param_name,
                        description=param.get("description"),
                        required=required,
                    )
                )

        # ensure the arguments are properly cast
        fn = validate_call(fn)

        return cls(
            name=func_name,
            description=description or fn.__doc__ or "",
            arguments=arguments,
            fn=fn,
        )

    async def render(self, arguments: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> list[Message]:
        """Render the prompt with arguments."""
        # Validate required arguments
        if self.arguments:
            required = {arg.name for arg in self.arguments if arg.required}
            provided = set(arguments or {})
            missing = required - provided
            if missing:
                raise ValueError(f"Missing required arguments: {missing}")

        try:
            # Call function and check if result is a coroutine
            result = self.fn(**(arguments or {}))
            if inspect.iscoroutine(result):
                result = await result

            # Validate messages
            if not isinstance(result, (list, tuple)):
                result = [result]

            # Convert result to messages
            messages = []
            for msg in result:
                try:
                    if isinstance(msg, Message):
                        messages.append(msg)
                    elif isinstance(msg, dict):
                        msg = message_validator.validate_python(msg)
                        messages.append(msg)
                    elif isinstance(msg, str):
                        messages.append(
                            UserMessage(content=TextContent(type="text", text=msg))
                        )
                    else:
                        msg = json.dumps(pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python(msg))
                        messages.append(Message(role="user", content=msg))
                except Exception:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Could not convert prompt result to message: {msg}"
                    )

            return messages
        except Exception as e:
            raise ValueError(f"Error rendering prompt {self.name}: {e}")


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/prompts/manager.py
================================================
"""Prompt management functionality."""

from typing import Any

from mcp.server.fastmcp.prompts.base import Message, Prompt
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import get_logger

logger = get_logger(__name__)


class PromptManager:
    """Manages FastMCP prompts."""

    def __init__(self, warn_on_duplicate_prompts: bool = True):
        self._prompts: dict[str, Prompt] = {}
        self.warn_on_duplicate_prompts = warn_on_duplicate_prompts

    def get_prompt(self, name: str) -> Prompt | None:
        """Get prompt by name."""
        return self._prompts.get(name)

    def list_prompts(self) -> list[Prompt]:
        """List all registered prompts."""
        return list(self._prompts.values())

    def add_prompt(
        self,
        prompt: Prompt,
    ) -> Prompt:
        """Add a prompt to the manager."""

        # Check for duplicates
        existing = self._prompts.get(prompt.name)
        if existing:
            if self.warn_on_duplicate_prompts:
                logger.warning(f"Prompt already exists: {prompt.name}")
            return existing

        self._prompts[prompt.name] = prompt
        return prompt

    async def render_prompt(
        self, name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    ) -> list[Message]:
        """Render a prompt by name with arguments."""
        prompt = self.get_prompt(name)
        if not prompt:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown prompt: {name}")

        return await prompt.render(arguments)


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/prompts/prompt_manager.py
================================================
"""Prompt management functionality."""

from mcp.server.fastmcp.prompts.base import Prompt
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import get_logger

logger = get_logger(__name__)


class PromptManager:
    """Manages FastMCP prompts."""

    def __init__(self, warn_on_duplicate_prompts: bool = True):
        self._prompts: dict[str, Prompt] = {}
        self.warn_on_duplicate_prompts = warn_on_duplicate_prompts

    def add_prompt(self, prompt: Prompt) -> Prompt:
        """Add a prompt to the manager."""
        logger.debug(f"Adding prompt: {prompt.name}")
        existing = self._prompts.get(prompt.name)
        if existing:
            if self.warn_on_duplicate_prompts:
                logger.warning(f"Prompt already exists: {prompt.name}")
            return existing
        self._prompts[prompt.name] = prompt
        return prompt

    def get_prompt(self, name: str) -> Prompt | None:
        """Get prompt by name."""
        return self._prompts.get(name)

    def list_prompts(self) -> list[Prompt]:
        """List all registered prompts."""
        return list(self._prompts.values())


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/resources/__init__.py
================================================
from .base import Resource
from .resource_manager import ResourceManager
from .templates import ResourceTemplate
from .types import (
    BinaryResource,
    DirectoryResource,
    FileResource,
    FunctionResource,
    HttpResource,
    TextResource,
)

__all__ = [
    "Resource",
    "TextResource",
    "BinaryResource",
    "FunctionResource",
    "FileResource",
    "HttpResource",
    "DirectoryResource",
    "ResourceTemplate",
    "ResourceManager",
]


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/resources/base.py
================================================
"""Base classes and interfaces for FastMCP resources."""

import abc
from typing import Annotated

from pydantic import (
    AnyUrl,
    BaseModel,
    ConfigDict,
    Field,
    UrlConstraints,
    ValidationInfo,
    field_validator,
)


class Resource(BaseModel, abc.ABC):
    """Base class for all resources."""

    model_config = ConfigDict(validate_default=True)

    uri: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(host_required=False)] = Field(
        default=..., description="URI of the resource"
    )
    name: str | None = Field(description="Name of the resource", default=None)
    description: str | None = Field(
        description="Description of the resource", default=None
    )
    mime_type: str = Field(
        default="text/plain",
        description="MIME type of the resource content",
        pattern=r"^[a-zA-Z0-9]+/[a-zA-Z0-9\-+.]+$",
    )

    @field_validator("name", mode="before")
    @classmethod
    def set_default_name(cls, name: str | None, info: ValidationInfo) -> str:
        """Set default name from URI if not provided."""
        if name:
            return name
        if uri := info.data.get("uri"):
            return str(uri)
        raise ValueError("Either name or uri must be provided")

    @abc.abstractmethod
    async def read(self) -> str | bytes:
        """Read the resource content."""
        pass


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/resources/resource_manager.py
================================================
"""Resource manager functionality."""

from typing import Callable

from pydantic import AnyUrl

from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources.base import Resource
from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources.templates import ResourceTemplate
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import get_logger

logger = get_logger(__name__)


class ResourceManager:
    """Manages FastMCP resources."""

    def __init__(self, warn_on_duplicate_resources: bool = True):
        self._resources: dict[str, Resource] = {}
        self._templates: dict[str, ResourceTemplate] = {}
        self.warn_on_duplicate_resources = warn_on_duplicate_resources

    def add_resource(self, resource: Resource) -> Resource:
        """Add a resource to the manager.

        Args:
            resource: A Resource instance to add

        Returns:
            The added resource. If a resource with the same URI already exists,
            returns the existing resource.
        """
        logger.debug(
            "Adding resource",
            extra={
                "uri": resource.uri,
                "type": type(resource).__name__,
                "resource_name": resource.name,
            },
        )
        existing = self._resources.get(str(resource.uri))
        if existing:
            if self.warn_on_duplicate_resources:
                logger.warning(f"Resource already exists: {resource.uri}")
            return existing
        self._resources[str(resource.uri)] = resource
        return resource

    def add_template(
        self,
        fn: Callable,
        uri_template: str,
        name: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
        mime_type: str | None = None,
    ) -> ResourceTemplate:
        """Add a template from a function."""
        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn,
            uri_template=uri_template,
            name=name,
            description=description,
            mime_type=mime_type,
        )
        self._templates[template.uri_template] = template
        return template

    async def get_resource(self, uri: AnyUrl | str) -> Resource | None:
        """Get resource by URI, checking concrete resources first, then templates."""
        uri_str = str(uri)
        logger.debug("Getting resource", extra={"uri": uri_str})

        # First check concrete resources
        if resource := self._resources.get(uri_str):
            return resource

        # Then check templates
        for template in self._templates.values():
            if params := template.matches(uri_str):
                try:
                    return await template.create_resource(uri_str, params)
                except Exception as e:
                    raise ValueError(f"Error creating resource from template: {e}")

        raise ValueError(f"Unknown resource: {uri}")

    def list_resources(self) -> list[Resource]:
        """List all registered resources."""
        logger.debug("Listing resources", extra={"count": len(self._resources)})
        return list(self._resources.values())

    def list_templates(self) -> list[ResourceTemplate]:
        """List all registered templates."""
        logger.debug("Listing templates", extra={"count": len(self._templates)})
        return list(self._templates.values())


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/resources/templates.py
================================================
"""Resource template functionality."""

import inspect
import re
from typing import Any, Callable

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, TypeAdapter, validate_call

from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources.types import FunctionResource, Resource


class ResourceTemplate(BaseModel):
    """A template for dynamically creating resources."""

    uri_template: str = Field(
        description="URI template with parameters (e.g. weather://{city}/current)"
    )
    name: str = Field(description="Name of the resource")
    description: str | None = Field(description="Description of what the resource does")
    mime_type: str = Field(
        default="text/plain", description="MIME type of the resource content"
    )
    fn: Callable = Field(exclude=True)
    parameters: dict = Field(description="JSON schema for function parameters")

    @classmethod
    def from_function(
        cls,
        fn: Callable,
        uri_template: str,
        name: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
        mime_type: str | None = None,
    ) -> "ResourceTemplate":
        """Create a template from a function."""
        func_name = name or fn.__name__
        if func_name == "<lambda>":
            raise ValueError("You must provide a name for lambda functions")

        # Get schema from TypeAdapter - will fail if function isn't properly typed
        parameters = TypeAdapter(fn).json_schema()

        # ensure the arguments are properly cast
        fn = validate_call(fn)

        return cls(
            uri_template=uri_template,
            name=func_name,
            description=description or fn.__doc__ or "",
            mime_type=mime_type or "text/plain",
            fn=fn,
            parameters=parameters,
        )

    def matches(self, uri: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
        """Check if URI matches template and extract parameters."""
        # Convert template to regex pattern
        pattern = self.uri_template.replace("{", "(?P<").replace("}", ">[^/]+)")
        match = re.match(f"^{pattern}$", uri)
        if match:
            return match.groupdict()
        return None

    async def create_resource(self, uri: str, params: dict[str, Any]) -> Resource:
        """Create a resource from the template with the given parameters."""
        try:
            # Call function and check if result is a coroutine
            result = self.fn(**params)
            if inspect.iscoroutine(result):
                result = await result

            return FunctionResource(
                uri=uri,  # type: ignore
                name=self.name,
                description=self.description,
                mime_type=self.mime_type,
                fn=lambda: result,  # Capture result in closure
            )
        except Exception as e:
            raise ValueError(f"Error creating resource from template: {e}")


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/resources/types.py
================================================
"""Concrete resource implementations."""

import inspect
import json
from collections.abc import Callable
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any

import anyio
import anyio.to_thread
import httpx
import pydantic.json
import pydantic_core
from pydantic import Field, ValidationInfo

from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources.base import Resource


class TextResource(Resource):
    """A resource that reads from a string."""

    text: str = Field(description="Text content of the resource")

    async def read(self) -> str:
        """Read the text content."""
        return self.text


class BinaryResource(Resource):
    """A resource that reads from bytes."""

    data: bytes = Field(description="Binary content of the resource")

    async def read(self) -> bytes:
        """Read the binary content."""
        return self.data


class FunctionResource(Resource):
    """A resource that defers data loading by wrapping a function.

    The function is only called when the resource is read, allowing for lazy loading
    of potentially expensive data. This is particularly useful when listing resources,
    as the function won't be called until the resource is actually accessed.

    The function can return:
    - str for text content (default)
    - bytes for binary content
    - other types will be converted to JSON
    """

    fn: Callable[[], Any] = Field(exclude=True)

    async def read(self) -> str | bytes:
        """Read the resource by calling the wrapped function."""
        try:
            result = (
                await self.fn() if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(self.fn) else self.fn()
            )
            if isinstance(result, Resource):
                return await result.read()
            if isinstance(result, bytes):
                return result
            if isinstance(result, str):
                return result
            try:
                return json.dumps(pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python(result))
            except (TypeError, pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError):
                # If JSON serialization fails, try str()
                return str(result)
        except Exception as e:
            raise ValueError(f"Error reading resource {self.uri}: {e}")


class FileResource(Resource):
    """A resource that reads from a file.

    Set is_binary=True to read file as binary data instead of text.
    """

    path: Path = Field(description="Path to the file")
    is_binary: bool = Field(
        default=False,
        description="Whether to read the file as binary data",
    )
    mime_type: str = Field(
        default="text/plain",
        description="MIME type of the resource content",
    )

    @pydantic.field_validator("path")
    @classmethod
    def validate_absolute_path(cls, path: Path) -> Path:
        """Ensure path is absolute."""
        if not path.is_absolute():
            raise ValueError("Path must be absolute")
        return path

    @pydantic.field_validator("is_binary")
    @classmethod
    def set_binary_from_mime_type(cls, is_binary: bool, info: ValidationInfo) -> bool:
        """Set is_binary based on mime_type if not explicitly set."""
        if is_binary:
            return True
        mime_type = info.data.get("mime_type", "text/plain")
        return not mime_type.startswith("text/")

    async def read(self) -> str | bytes:
        """Read the file content."""
        try:
            if self.is_binary:
                return await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.path.read_bytes)
            return await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.path.read_text)
        except Exception as e:
            raise ValueError(f"Error reading file {self.path}: {e}")


class HttpResource(Resource):
    """A resource that reads from an HTTP endpoint."""

    url: str = Field(description="URL to fetch content from")
    mime_type: str = Field(
        default="application/json", description="MIME type of the resource content"
    )

    async def read(self) -> str | bytes:
        """Read the HTTP content."""
        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
            response = await client.get(self.url)
            response.raise_for_status()
            return response.text


class DirectoryResource(Resource):
    """A resource that lists files in a directory."""

    path: Path = Field(description="Path to the directory")
    recursive: bool = Field(
        default=False, description="Whether to list files recursively"
    )
    pattern: str | None = Field(
        default=None, description="Optional glob pattern to filter files"
    )
    mime_type: str = Field(
        default="application/json", description="MIME type of the resource content"
    )

    @pydantic.field_validator("path")
    @classmethod
    def validate_absolute_path(cls, path: Path) -> Path:
        """Ensure path is absolute."""
        if not path.is_absolute():
            raise ValueError("Path must be absolute")
        return path

    def list_files(self) -> list[Path]:
        """List files in the directory."""
        if not self.path.exists():
            raise FileNotFoundError(f"Directory not found: {self.path}")
        if not self.path.is_dir():
            raise NotADirectoryError(f"Not a directory: {self.path}")

        try:
            if self.pattern:
                return (
                    list(self.path.glob(self.pattern))
                    if not self.recursive
                    else list(self.path.rglob(self.pattern))
                )
            return (
                list(self.path.glob("*"))
                if not self.recursive
                else list(self.path.rglob("*"))
            )
        except Exception as e:
            raise ValueError(f"Error listing directory {self.path}: {e}")

    async def read(self) -> str:  # Always returns JSON string
        """Read the directory listing."""
        try:
            files = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.list_files)
            file_list = [str(f.relative_to(self.path)) for f in files if f.is_file()]
            return json.dumps({"files": file_list}, indent=2)
        except Exception as e:
            raise ValueError(f"Error reading directory {self.path}: {e}")


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/tools/__init__.py
================================================
from .base import Tool
from .tool_manager import ToolManager

__all__ = ["Tool", "ToolManager"]


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/tools/base.py
================================================
import inspect
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

import mcp.server.fastmcp
from mcp.server.fastmcp.exceptions import ToolError
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.func_metadata import FuncMetadata, func_metadata

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from mcp.server.fastmcp.server import Context


class Tool(BaseModel):
    """Internal tool registration info."""

    fn: Callable = Field(exclude=True)
    name: str = Field(description="Name of the tool")
    description: str = Field(description="Description of what the tool does")
    parameters: dict = Field(description="JSON schema for tool parameters")
    fn_metadata: FuncMetadata = Field(
        description="Metadata about the function including a pydantic model for tool"
        " arguments"
    )
    is_async: bool = Field(description="Whether the tool is async")
    context_kwarg: str | None = Field(
        None, description="Name of the kwarg that should receive context"
    )

    @classmethod
    def from_function(
        cls,
        fn: Callable,
        name: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
        context_kwarg: str | None = None,
    ) -> "Tool":
        """Create a Tool from a function."""
        func_name = name or fn.__name__

        if func_name == "<lambda>":
            raise ValueError("You must provide a name for lambda functions")

        func_doc = description or fn.__doc__ or ""
        is_async = inspect.iscoroutinefunction(fn)

        # Find context parameter if it exists
        if context_kwarg is None:
            sig = inspect.signature(fn)
            for param_name, param in sig.parameters.items():
                if param.annotation is mcp.server.fastmcp.Context:
                    context_kwarg = param_name
                    break

        func_arg_metadata = func_metadata(
            fn,
            skip_names=[context_kwarg] if context_kwarg is not None else [],
        )
        parameters = func_arg_metadata.arg_model.model_json_schema()

        return cls(
            fn=fn,
            name=func_name,
            description=func_doc,
            parameters=parameters,
            fn_metadata=func_arg_metadata,
            is_async=is_async,
            context_kwarg=context_kwarg,
        )

    async def run(self, arguments: dict, context: "Context | None" = None) -> Any:
        """Run the tool with arguments."""
        try:
            return await self.fn_metadata.call_fn_with_arg_validation(
                self.fn,
                self.is_async,
                arguments,
                {self.context_kwarg: context}
                if self.context_kwarg is not None
                else None,
            )
        except Exception as e:
            raise ToolError(f"Error executing tool {self.name}: {e}") from e


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/tools/tool_manager.py
================================================
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any

from mcp.server.fastmcp.exceptions import ToolError
from mcp.server.fastmcp.tools.base import Tool
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import get_logger

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from mcp.server.fastmcp.server import Context

logger = get_logger(__name__)


class ToolManager:
    """Manages FastMCP tools."""

    def __init__(self, warn_on_duplicate_tools: bool = True):
        self._tools: dict[str, Tool] = {}
        self.warn_on_duplicate_tools = warn_on_duplicate_tools

    def get_tool(self, name: str) -> Tool | None:
        """Get tool by name."""
        return self._tools.get(name)

    def list_tools(self) -> list[Tool]:
        """List all registered tools."""
        return list(self._tools.values())

    def add_tool(
        self,
        fn: Callable,
        name: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
    ) -> Tool:
        """Add a tool to the server."""
        tool = Tool.from_function(fn, name=name, description=description)
        existing = self._tools.get(tool.name)
        if existing:
            if self.warn_on_duplicate_tools:
                logger.warning(f"Tool already exists: {tool.name}")
            return existing
        self._tools[tool.name] = tool
        return tool

    async def call_tool(
        self, name: str, arguments: dict, context: "Context | None" = None
    ) -> Any:
        """Call a tool by name with arguments."""
        tool = self.get_tool(name)
        if not tool:
            raise ToolError(f"Unknown tool: {name}")

        return await tool.run(arguments, context=context)


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/utilities/__init__.py
================================================
"""FastMCP utility modules."""


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/utilities/func_metadata.py
================================================
import inspect
import json
from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Sequence
from typing import (
    Annotated,
    Any,
    ForwardRef,
)

from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, WithJsonSchema, create_model
from pydantic._internal._typing_extra import eval_type_backport
from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined

from mcp.server.fastmcp.exceptions import InvalidSignature
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import get_logger

logger = get_logger(__name__)


class ArgModelBase(BaseModel):
    """A model representing the arguments to a function."""

    def model_dump_one_level(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """Return a dict of the model's fields, one level deep.

        That is, sub-models etc are not dumped - they are kept as pydantic models.
        """
        kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
        for field_name in self.model_fields.keys():
            kwargs[field_name] = getattr(self, field_name)
        return kwargs

    model_config = ConfigDict(
        arbitrary_types_allowed=True,
    )


class FuncMetadata(BaseModel):
    arg_model: Annotated[type[ArgModelBase], WithJsonSchema(None)]
    # We can add things in the future like
    #  - Maybe some args are excluded from attempting to parse from JSON
    #  - Maybe some args are special (like context) for dependency injection

    async def call_fn_with_arg_validation(
        self,
        fn: Callable[..., Any] | Awaitable[Any],
        fn_is_async: bool,
        arguments_to_validate: dict[str, Any],
        arguments_to_pass_directly: dict[str, Any] | None,
    ) -> Any:
        """Call the given function with arguments validated and injected.

        Arguments are first attempted to be parsed from JSON, then validated against
        the argument model, before being passed to the function.
        """
        arguments_pre_parsed = self.pre_parse_json(arguments_to_validate)
        arguments_parsed_model = self.arg_model.model_validate(arguments_pre_parsed)
        arguments_parsed_dict = arguments_parsed_model.model_dump_one_level()

        arguments_parsed_dict |= arguments_to_pass_directly or {}

        if fn_is_async:
            if isinstance(fn, Awaitable):
                return await fn
            return await fn(**arguments_parsed_dict)
        if isinstance(fn, Callable):
            return fn(**arguments_parsed_dict)
        raise TypeError("fn must be either Callable or Awaitable")

    def pre_parse_json(self, data: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """Pre-parse data from JSON.

        Return a dict with same keys as input but with values parsed from JSON
        if appropriate.

        This is to handle cases like `["a", "b", "c"]` being passed in as JSON inside
        a string rather than an actual list. Claude desktop is prone to this - in fact
        it seems incapable of NOT doing this. For sub-models, it tends to pass
        dicts (JSON objects) as JSON strings, which can be pre-parsed here.
        """
        new_data = data.copy()  # Shallow copy
        for field_name, field_info in self.arg_model.model_fields.items():
            if field_name not in data.keys():
                continue
            if isinstance(data[field_name], str):
                try:
                    pre_parsed = json.loads(data[field_name])
                except json.JSONDecodeError:
                    continue  # Not JSON - skip
                if isinstance(pre_parsed, str):
                    # This is likely that the raw value is e.g. `"hello"` which we
                    # Should really be parsed as '"hello"' in Python - but if we parse
                    # it as JSON it'll turn into just 'hello'. So we skip it.
                    continue
                new_data[field_name] = pre_parsed
        assert new_data.keys() == data.keys()
        return new_data

    model_config = ConfigDict(
        arbitrary_types_allowed=True,
    )


def func_metadata(func: Callable, skip_names: Sequence[str] = ()) -> FuncMetadata:
    """Given a function, return metadata including a pydantic model representing its
    signature.

    The use case for this is
    ```
    meta = func_to_pyd(func)
    validated_args = meta.arg_model.model_validate(some_raw_data_dict)
    return func(**validated_args.model_dump_one_level())
    ```

    **critically** it also provides pre-parse helper to attempt to parse things from
    JSON.

    Args:
        func: The function to convert to a pydantic model
        skip_names: A list of parameter names to skip. These will not be included in
            the model.
    Returns:
        A pydantic model representing the function's signature.
    """
    sig = _get_typed_signature(func)
    params = sig.parameters
    dynamic_pydantic_model_params: dict[str, Any] = {}
    globalns = getattr(func, "__globals__", {})
    for param in params.values():
        if param.name.startswith("_"):
            raise InvalidSignature(
                f"Parameter {param.name} of {func.__name__} cannot start with '_'"
            )
        if param.name in skip_names:
            continue
        annotation = param.annotation

        # `x: None` / `x: None = None`
        if annotation is None:
            annotation = Annotated[
                None,
                Field(
                    default=param.default
                    if param.default is not inspect.Parameter.empty
                    else PydanticUndefined
                ),
            ]

        # Untyped field
        if annotation is inspect.Parameter.empty:
            annotation = Annotated[
                Any,
                Field(),
                # 🤷
                WithJsonSchema({"title": param.name, "type": "string"}),
            ]

        field_info = FieldInfo.from_annotated_attribute(
            _get_typed_annotation(annotation, globalns),
            param.default
            if param.default is not inspect.Parameter.empty
            else PydanticUndefined,
        )
        dynamic_pydantic_model_params[param.name] = (field_info.annotation, field_info)
        continue

    arguments_model = create_model(
        f"{func.__name__}Arguments",
        **dynamic_pydantic_model_params,
        __base__=ArgModelBase,
    )
    resp = FuncMetadata(arg_model=arguments_model)
    return resp


def _get_typed_annotation(annotation: Any, globalns: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
    def try_eval_type(value, globalns, localns):
        try:
            return eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns), True
        except NameError:
            return value, False

    if isinstance(annotation, str):
        annotation = ForwardRef(annotation)
        annotation, status = try_eval_type(annotation, globalns, globalns)

        # This check and raise could perhaps be skipped, and we (FastMCP) just call
        # model_rebuild right before using it 🤷
        if status is False:
            raise InvalidSignature(f"Unable to evaluate type annotation {annotation}")

    return annotation


def _get_typed_signature(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature:
    """Get function signature while evaluating forward references"""
    signature = inspect.signature(call)
    globalns = getattr(call, "__globals__", {})
    typed_params = [
        inspect.Parameter(
            name=param.name,
            kind=param.kind,
            default=param.default,
            annotation=_get_typed_annotation(param.annotation, globalns),
        )
        for param in signature.parameters.values()
    ]
    typed_signature = inspect.Signature(typed_params)
    return typed_signature


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/utilities/logging.py
================================================
"""Logging utilities for FastMCP."""

import logging
from typing import Literal


def get_logger(name: str) -> logging.Logger:
    """Get a logger nested under MCPnamespace.

    Args:
        name: the name of the logger, which will be prefixed with 'FastMCP.'

    Returns:
        a configured logger instance
    """
    return logging.getLogger(name)


def configure_logging(
    level: Literal["DEBUG", "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL"] = "INFO",
) -> None:
    """Configure logging for MCP.

    Args:
        level: the log level to use
    """
    handlers = []
    try:
        from rich.console import Console
        from rich.logging import RichHandler

        handlers.append(RichHandler(console=Console(stderr=True), rich_tracebacks=True))
    except ImportError:
        pass

    if not handlers:
        handlers.append(logging.StreamHandler())

    logging.basicConfig(
        level=level,
        format="%(message)s",
        handlers=handlers,
    )


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/fastmcp/utilities/types.py
================================================
"""Common types used across FastMCP."""

import base64
from pathlib import Path

from mcp.types import ImageContent


class Image:
    """Helper class for returning images from tools."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        path: str | Path | None = None,
        data: bytes | None = None,
        format: str | None = None,
    ):
        if path is None and data is None:
            raise ValueError("Either path or data must be provided")
        if path is not None and data is not None:
            raise ValueError("Only one of path or data can be provided")

        self.path = Path(path) if path else None
        self.data = data
        self._format = format
        self._mime_type = self._get_mime_type()

    def _get_mime_type(self) -> str:
        """Get MIME type from format or guess from file extension."""
        if self._format:
            return f"image/{self._format.lower()}"

        if self.path:
            suffix = self.path.suffix.lower()
            return {
                ".png": "image/png",
                ".jpg": "image/jpeg",
                ".jpeg": "image/jpeg",
                ".gif": "image/gif",
                ".webp": "image/webp",
            }.get(suffix, "application/octet-stream")
        return "image/png"  # default for raw binary data

    def to_image_content(self) -> ImageContent:
        """Convert to MCP ImageContent."""
        if self.path:
            with open(self.path, "rb") as f:
                data = base64.b64encode(f.read()).decode()
        elif self.data is not None:
            data = base64.b64encode(self.data).decode()
        else:
            raise ValueError("No image data available")

        return ImageContent(type="image", data=data, mimeType=self._mime_type)


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/lowlevel/__init__.py
================================================
from .server import NotificationOptions, Server

__all__ = ["Server", "NotificationOptions"]


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/lowlevel/helper_types.py
================================================
from dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass
class ReadResourceContents:
    """Contents returned from a read_resource call."""

    content: str | bytes
    mime_type: str | None = None


================================================
File: src/mcp/server/lowlevel/server.py
================================================
"""
MCP Server Module

This module provides a framework for creating an MCP (Model Context Protocol) server.
It allows you to easily define and handle various types of requests and notifications
in an asynchronous manner.

Usage:
1. Create a Server instance:
   server = Server("your_server_name")

2. Define request handlers using decorators:
   @server.list_prompts()
   async def handle_list_prompts() -> list[types.Prompt]:
       # Implementation

   @server.get_prompt()
   async def handle_get_prompt(
       name: str, arguments: dict[str, str] | None
   ) -> types.GetPromptResult:
       # Implementation

   @server.list_tools()
   async def handle_list_tools() -> list[types.Tool]:
       # Implementation

   @server.call_tool()
   async def handle_call_tool(
       name: str, arguments: dict | None
   ) -> list[types.TextContent | types.ImageContent | types.EmbeddedResource]:
       # Implementation

   @server.list_resource_templates()
   async def handle_list_resource_templates() -> list[types.ResourceTemplate]:
       # Implementation

3. Define notification handlers if needed:
   @server.progress_notification()
   async def handle_progress(
       progress_token: str | int, progress: float, total: float | None
   ) -> None:
       # Implementation

4. Run the server:
   async def main():
       async with mcp.server.stdio.stdio_server() as (read_stream, write_stream):
           await server.run(
               read_stream,
               write_stream,
               InitializationOptions(
                   server_name="your_server_name",
                   server_version="your_version",
                   capabilities=server.get_capabilities(
                       notification_options=NotificationOptions(),
                       experimental_capabilities={},
                   ),
               ),
           )

   asyncio.run(main())

The Server class provides methods to register handlers for various MCP requests and
notifications. It automatically manages the request context and handles incoming
messages from the client.
"""

import contextvars
import logging
import warnings
from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AsyncExitStack, asynccontextmanager
from typing import Any, AsyncIterator, Generic, Sequence, TypeVar

import anyio
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
from pydantic import AnyUrl

import mcp.types as types
from mcp.server.lowlevel.helper_types import ReadResourceContents
from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
from mcp.server.session import ServerSession
from mcp.server.stdio import stdio_server as stdio_server
from mcp.shared.context import RequestContext
from mcp.shared.exceptions import McpError
from mcp.shared.session import RequestResponder

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

LifespanResultT = TypeVar("LifespanResultT")

# This will be properly typed in each Server instance's context
request_ctx: contextvars.ContextVar[RequestContext[ServerSession, Any]] = (
    contextvars.ContextVar("request_ctx")
)


class NotificationOptions:
    def __init__(
        self,
        prompts_changed: bool = False,
        resources_changed: bool = False,
        tools_changed: bool = False,
    ):
        self.prompts_changed = prompts_changed
        self.resources_changed = resources_changed
        self.tools_changed = tools_changed


@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(server: "Server") -> AsyncIterator[object]:
    """Default lifespan context manager that does nothing.

    Args:
        server: The server instance this lifespan is managing

    Returns:
        An empty context object
    """
    yield {}


class Server(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
    def __init__(
        self,
        name: str,
        version: str | None = None,
        instructions: str | None = None,
        lifespan: Callable[
            ["Server"], AbstractAsyncContextManager[LifespanResultT]
        ] = lifespan,
    ):
        self.name = name
        self.version = version
        self.instructions = instructions
        self.lifespan = lifespan
        self.request_handlers: dict[
            type, Callable[..., Awaitable[types.ServerResult]]
        ] = {
            types.PingRequest: _ping_handler,
        }
        self.notification_handlers: dict[type, Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]] = {}
        self.notification_options = NotificationOptions()
        logger.debug(f"Initializing server '{name}'")

    def create_initialization_options(
        self,
        notification_options: NotificationOptions | None = None,
        experimental_capabilities: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
    ) -> InitializationOptions:
        """Create initialization options from this server instance."""

        def pkg_version(package: str) -> str:
            try:
                from importlib.metadata import version

                v = version(package)
                if v is not None:
                    return v
            except Exception:
                pass

            return "unknown"

        return InitializationOptions(
            server_name=self.name,
            server_version=self.version if self.version else pkg_version("mcp"),
            capabilities=self.get_capabilities(
                notification_options or NotificationOptions(),
                experimental_capabilities or {},
            ),
            instructions=self.instructions,
        )

    def get_capabilities(
        self,
        notification_options: NotificationOptions,
        experimental_capabilities: dict[str, dict[str, Any]],
    ) -> types.ServerCapabilities:
        """Convert existing handlers to a ServerCapabilities object."""
        prompts_capability = None
        resources_capability = None
        tools_capability = None
        logging_capability = None

        # Set prompt capabilities if handler exists
        if types.ListPromptsRequest in self.request_handlers:
            prompts_capability = types.PromptsCapability(
                listChanged=notification_options.prompts_changed
            )

        # Set resource capabilities if handler exists
        if types.ListResourcesRequest in self.request_handlers:
            resources_capability = types.ResourcesCapability(
                subscribe=False, listChanged=notification_options.resources_changed
            )

        # Set tool capabilities if handler exists
        if types.ListToolsRequest in self.request_handlers:
            tools_capability = types.ToolsCapability(
                listChanged=notification_options.tools_changed
            )

        # Set logging capabilities if handler exists
        if types.SetLevelRequest in self.request_handlers:
            logging_capability = types.LoggingCapability()

        return types.ServerCapabilities(
            prompts=prompts_capability,
            resources=resources_capability,
            tools=tools_capability,
            logging=logging_capability,
            experimental=experimental_capabilities,
        )

    @property
    def request_context(self) -> RequestContext[ServerSession, LifespanResultT]:
        """If called outside of a request context, this will raise a LookupError."""
        return request_ctx.get()

    def list_prompts(self):
        def decorator(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[list[types.Prompt]]]):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for PromptListRequest")

            async def handler(_: Any):
                prompts = await func()
                return types.ServerResult(types.ListPromptsResult(prompts=prompts))

            self.request_handlers[types.ListPromptsRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def get_prompt(self):
        def decorator(
            func: Callable[
                [str, dict[str, str] | None], Awaitable[types.GetPromptResult]
            ],
        ):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for GetPromptRequest")

            async def handler(req: types.GetPromptRequest):
                prompt_get = await func(req.params.name, req.params.arguments)
                return types.ServerResult(prompt_get)

            self.request_handlers[types.GetPromptRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def list_resources(self):
        def decorator(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[list[types.Resource]]]):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for ListResourcesRequest")

            async def handler(_: Any):
                resources = await func()
                return types.ServerResult(
                    types.ListResourcesResult(resources=resources)
                )

            self.request_handlers[types.ListResourcesRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def list_resource_templates(self):
        def decorator(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[list[types.ResourceTemplate]]]):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for ListResourceTemplatesRequest")

            async def handler(_: Any):
                templates = await func()
                return types.ServerResult(
                    types.ListResourceTemplatesResult(resourceTemplates=templates)
                )

            self.request_handlers[types.ListResourceTemplatesRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def read_resource(self):
        def decorator(
            func: Callable[[AnyUrl], Awaitable[str | bytes | ReadResourceContents]],
        ):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for ReadResourceRequest")

            async def handler(req: types.ReadResourceRequest):
                result = await func(req.params.uri)

                def create_content(data: str | bytes, mime_type: str | None):
                    match data:
                        case str() as data:
                            return types.TextResourceContents(
                                uri=req.params.uri,
                                text=data,
                                mimeType=mime_type or "text/plain",
                            )
                        case bytes() as data:
                            import base64

                            return types.BlobResourceContents(
                                uri=req.params.uri,
                                blob=base64.urlsafe_b64encode(data).decode(),
                                mimeType=mime_type or "application/octet-stream",
                            )

                match result:
                    case str() | bytes() as data:
                        warnings.warn(
                            "Returning str or bytes from read_resource is deprecated. "
                            "Use ReadResourceContents instead.",
                            DeprecationWarning,
                            stacklevel=2,
                        )
                        content = create_content(data, None)
                    case ReadResourceContents() as contents:
                        content = create_content(contents.content, contents.mime_type)
                    case _:
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"Unexpected return type from read_resource: {type(result)}"
                        )

                return types.ServerResult(
                    types.ReadResourceResult(
                        contents=[content],
                    )
                )

            self.request_handlers[types.ReadResourceRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def set_logging_level(self):
        def decorator(func: Callable[[types.LoggingLevel], Awaitable[None]]):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for SetLevelRequest")

            async def handler(req: types.SetLevelRequest):
                await func(req.params.level)
                return types.ServerResult(types.EmptyResult())

            self.request_handlers[types.SetLevelRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def subscribe_resource(self):
        def decorator(func: Callable[[AnyUrl], Awaitable[None]]):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for SubscribeRequest")

            async def handler(req: types.SubscribeRequest):
                await func(req.params.uri)
                return types.ServerResult(types.EmptyResult())

            self.request_handlers[types.SubscribeRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def unsubscribe_resource(self):
        def decorator(func: Callable[[AnyUrl], Awaitable[None]]):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for UnsubscribeRequest")

            async def handler(req: types.UnsubscribeRequest):
                await func(req.params.uri)
                return types.ServerResult(types.EmptyResult())

            self.request_handlers[types.UnsubscribeRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def list_tools(self):
        def decorator(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[list[types.Tool]]]):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for ListToolsRequest")

            async def handler(_: Any):
                tools = await func()
                return types.ServerResult(types.ListToolsResult(tools=tools))

            self.request_handlers[types.ListToolsRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def call_tool(self):
        def decorator(
            func: Callable[
                ...,
                Awaitable[
                    Sequence[
                        types.TextContent | types.ImageContent | types.EmbeddedResource
                    ]
                ],
            ],
        ):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for CallToolRequest")

            async def handler(req: types.CallToolRequest):
                try:
                    results = await func(req.params.name, (req.params.arguments or {}))
                    return types.ServerResult(
                        types.CallToolResult(content=list(results), isError=False)
                    )
                except Exception as e:
                    return types.ServerResult(
                        types.CallToolResult(
                            content=[types.TextContent(type="text", text=str(e))],
                            isError=True,
                        )
                    )

            self.request_handlers[types.CallToolRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def progress_notification(self):
        def decorator(
            func: Callable[[str | int, float, float | None], Awaitable[None]],
        ):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for ProgressNotification")

            async def handler(req: types.ProgressNotification):
                await func(
                    req.params.progressToken, req.params.progress, req.params.total
                )

            self.notification_handlers[types.ProgressNotification] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    def completion(self):
        """Provides completions for prompts and resource templates"""

        def decorator(
            func: Callable[
                [
                    types.PromptReference | types.ResourceReference,
                    types.CompletionArgument,
                ],
                Awaitable[types.Completion | None],
            ],
        ):
            logger.debug("Registering handler for CompleteRequest")

            async def handler(req: types.CompleteRequest):
                completion = await func(req.params.ref, req.params.argument)
                return types.ServerResult(
                    types.CompleteResult(
                        completion=completion
                        if completion is not None
                        else types.Completion(values=[], total=None, hasMore=None),
                    )
                )

            self.request_handlers[types.CompleteRequest] = handler
            return func

        return decorator

    async def run(
        self,
        read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception],
        write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage],
        initialization_options: InitializationOptions,
        # When False, exceptions are returned as messages to the client.
        # When True, exceptions are raised, which will cause the server to shut down
        # but also make tracing exceptions much easier during testing and when using
        # in-process servers.
        raise_exceptions: bool = False,
    ):
        async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
            lifespan_context = await stack.enter_async_context(self.lifespan(self))
            session = await stack.enter_async_context(
                ServerSession(read_stream, write_stream, initialization_options)
            )

            async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
                async for message in session.incoming_messages:
                    logger.debug(f"Received message: {message}")

                    tg.start_soon(
                        self._handle_message,
                        message,
                        session,
                        lifespan_context,
                        raise_exceptions,
                    )

    async def _handle_message(
        self,
        message: RequestResponder[types.ClientRequest, types.ServerResult]
        | types.ClientNotification
        | Exception,
        session: ServerSession,
        lifespan_context: LifespanResultT,
        raise_exceptions: bool = False,
    ):
        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
            match message:
                case (
                    RequestResponder(request=types.ClientRequest(root=req)) as responder
                ):
                    with responder:
                        await self._handle_request(
                            message, req, session, lifespan_context, raise_exceptions
                        )
                case types.ClientNotification(root=notify):
                    await self._handle_notification(notify)

            for warning in w:
                logger.info(f"Warning: {warning.category.__name__}: {warning.message}")

    async def _handle_request(
        self,
        message: RequestResponder,
        req: Any,
        session: ServerSession,
        lifespan_context: LifespanResultT,
        raise_exceptions: bool,
    ):
        logger.info(f"Processing request of type {type(req).__name__}")
        if type(req) in self.request_handlers:
            handler = self.request_handlers[type(req)]
            logger.debug(f"Dispatching request of type {type(req).__name__}")

            token = None
            try:
                # Set our global state that can be retrieved via
                # app.get_request_context()
                token = request_ctx.set(
                    RequestContext(
                        message.request_id,
                        message.request_meta,
                        session,
                        lifespan_context,
                    )
                )
                response = await handler(req)
            except McpError as err:
                response = err.error
            except Exception as err:
                if raise_exceptions:
                    raise err
                response = types.ErrorData(code=0, message=str(err), data=None)
            finally:
                # Reset the global state after we are done
                if token is not None:
                    request_ctx.reset(token)

            await message.respond(response)
        else:
            await message.respond(
                types.ErrorData(
                    code=types.METHOD_NOT_FOUND,
                    message="Method not found",
                )
            )

        logger.debug("Response sent")

    async def _handle_notification(self, notify: Any):
        if type(notify) in self.notification_handlers:
            assert type(notify) in self.notification_handlers

            handler = self.notification_handlers[type(notify)]
            logger.debug(
                f"Dispatching notification of type " f"{type(notify).__name__}"
            )

            try:
                await handler(notify)
            except Exception as err:
                logger.error(f"Uncaught exception in notification handler: " f"{err}")


async def _ping_handler(request: types.PingRequest) -> types.ServerResult:
    return types.ServerResult(types.EmptyResult())


================================================
File: src/mcp/shared/context.py
================================================
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Generic, TypeVar

from mcp.shared.session import BaseSession
from mcp.types import RequestId, RequestParams

SessionT = TypeVar("SessionT", bound=BaseSession)
LifespanContextT = TypeVar("LifespanContextT")


@dataclass
class RequestContext(Generic[SessionT, LifespanContextT]):
    request_id: RequestId
    meta: RequestParams.Meta | None
    session: SessionT
    lifespan_context: LifespanContextT


================================================
File: src/mcp/shared/exceptions.py
================================================
from mcp.types import ErrorData


class McpError(Exception):
    """
    Exception type raised when an error arrives over an MCP connection.
    """

    error: ErrorData

    def __init__(self, error: ErrorData):
        """Initialize McpError."""
        super().__init__(error.message)
        self.error = error


================================================
File: src/mcp/shared/memory.py
================================================
"""
In-memory transports
"""

from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from datetime import timedelta
from typing import AsyncGenerator

import anyio
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream

from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.server import Server
from mcp.types import JSONRPCMessage

MessageStream = tuple[
    MemoryObjectReceiveStream[JSONRPCMessage | Exception],
    MemoryObjectSendStream[JSONRPCMessage],
]


@asynccontextmanager
async def create_client_server_memory_streams() -> (
    AsyncGenerator[tuple[MessageStream, MessageStream], None]
):
    """
    Creates a pair of bidirectional memory streams for client-server communication.

    Returns:
        A tuple of (client_streams, server_streams) where each is a tuple of
        (read_stream, write_stream)
    """
    # Create streams for both directions
    server_to_client_send, server_to_client_receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
        JSONRPCMessage | Exception
    ](1)
    client_to_server_send, client_to_server_receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
        JSONRPCMessage | Exception
    ](1)

    client_streams = (server_to_client_receive, client_to_server_send)
    server_streams = (client_to_server_receive, server_to_client_send)

    async with (
        server_to_client_receive,
        client_to_server_send,
        client_to_server_receive,
        server_to_client_send,
    ):
        yield client_streams, server_streams


@asynccontextmanager
async def create_connected_server_and_client_session(
    server: Server,
    read_timeout_seconds: timedelta | None = None,
    raise_exceptions: bool = False,
) -> AsyncGenerator[ClientSession, None]:
    """Creates a ClientSession that is connected to a running MCP server."""
    async with create_client_server_memory_streams() as (
        client_streams,
        server_streams,
    ):
        client_read, client_write = client_streams
        server_read, server_write = server_streams

        # Create a cancel scope for the server task
        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
            tg.start_soon(
                lambda: server.run(
                    server_read,
                    server_write,
                    server.create_initialization_options(),
                    raise_exceptions=raise_exceptions,
                )
            )

            try:
                async with ClientSession(
                    read_stream=client_read,
                    write_stream=client_write,
                    read_timeout_seconds=read_timeout_seconds,
                ) as client_session:
                    await client_session.initialize()
                    yield client_session
            finally:
                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()


================================================
File: src/mcp/shared/progress.py
================================================
from contextlib import contextmanager
from dataclasses import dataclass, field

from pydantic import BaseModel

from mcp.shared.context import RequestContext
from mcp.shared.session import BaseSession
from mcp.types import ProgressToken


class Progress(BaseModel):
    progress: float
    total: float | None


@dataclass
class ProgressContext:
    session: BaseSession
    progress_token: ProgressToken
    total: float | None
    current: float = field(default=0.0, init=False)

    async def progress(self, amount: float) -> None:
        self.current += amount

        await self.session.send_progress_notification(
            self.progress_token, self.current, total=self.total
        )


@contextmanager
def progress(ctx: RequestContext, total: float | None = None):
    if ctx.meta is None or ctx.meta.progressToken is None:
        raise ValueError("No progress token provided")

    progress_ctx = ProgressContext(ctx.session, ctx.meta.progressToken, total)
    try:
        yield progress_ctx
    finally:
        pass


================================================
File: src/mcp/shared/session.py
================================================
import logging
from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager
from datetime import timedelta
from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, TypeVar

import anyio
import anyio.lowlevel
import httpx
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
from pydantic import BaseModel

from mcp.shared.exceptions import McpError
from mcp.types import (
    CancelledNotification,
    ClientNotification,
    ClientRequest,
    ClientResult,
    ErrorData,
    JSONRPCError,
    JSONRPCMessage,
    JSONRPCNotification,
    JSONRPCRequest,
    JSONRPCResponse,
    RequestParams,
    ServerNotification,
    ServerRequest,
    ServerResult,
)

SendRequestT = TypeVar("SendRequestT", ClientRequest, ServerRequest)
SendResultT = TypeVar("SendResultT", ClientResult, ServerResult)
SendNotificationT = TypeVar("SendNotificationT", ClientNotification, ServerNotification)
ReceiveRequestT = TypeVar("ReceiveRequestT", ClientRequest, ServerRequest)
ReceiveResultT = TypeVar("ReceiveResultT", bound=BaseModel)
ReceiveNotificationT = TypeVar(
    "ReceiveNotificationT", ClientNotification, ServerNotification
)

RequestId = str | int


class RequestResponder(Generic[ReceiveRequestT, SendResultT]):
    """Handles responding to MCP requests and manages request lifecycle.

    This class MUST be used as a context manager to ensure proper cleanup and
    cancellation handling:

    Example:
        with request_responder as resp:
            await resp.respond(result)

    The context manager ensures:
    1. Proper cancellation scope setup and cleanup
    2. Request completion tracking
    3. Cleanup of in-flight requests
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        request_id: RequestId,
        request_meta: RequestParams.Meta | None,
        request: ReceiveRequestT,
        session: "BaseSession",
        on_complete: Callable[["RequestResponder[ReceiveRequestT, SendResultT]"], Any],
    ) -> None:
        self.request_id = request_id
        self.request_meta = request_meta
        self.request = request
        self._session = session
        self._completed = False
        self._cancel_scope = anyio.CancelScope()
        self._on_complete = on_complete
        self._entered = False  # Track if we're in a context manager

    def __enter__(self) -> "RequestResponder[ReceiveRequestT, SendResultT]":
        """Enter the context manager, enabling request cancellation tracking."""
        self._entered = True
        self._cancel_scope = anyio.CancelScope()
        self._cancel_scope.__enter__()
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) -> None:
        """Exit the context manager, performing cleanup and notifying completion."""
        try:
            if self._completed:
                self._on_complete(self)
        finally:
            self._entered = False
            if not self._cancel_scope:
                raise RuntimeError("No active cancel scope")
            self._cancel_scope.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)

    async def respond(self, response: SendResultT | ErrorData) -> None:
        """Send a response for this request.

        Must be called within a context manager block.
        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If not used within a context manager
            AssertionError: If request was already responded to
        """
        if not self._entered:
            raise RuntimeError("RequestResponder must be used as a context manager")
        assert not self._completed, "Request already responded to"

        if not self.cancelled:
            self._completed = True

            await self._session._send_response(
                request_id=self.request_id, response=response
            )

    async def cancel(self) -> None:
        """Cancel this request and mark it as completed."""
        if not self._entered:
            raise RuntimeError("RequestResponder must be used as a context manager")
        if not self._cancel_scope:
            raise RuntimeError("No active cancel scope")

        self._cancel_scope.cancel()
        self._completed = True  # Mark as completed so it's removed from in_flight
        # Send an error response to indicate cancellation
        await self._session._send_response(
            request_id=self.request_id,
            response=ErrorData(code=0, message="Request cancelled", data=None),
        )

    @property
    def in_flight(self) -> bool:
        return not self._completed and not self.cancelled

    @property
    def cancelled(self) -> bool:
        return self._cancel_scope is not None and self._cancel_scope.cancel_called


class BaseSession(
    AbstractAsyncContextManager,
    Generic[
        SendRequestT,
        SendNotificationT,
        SendResultT,
        ReceiveRequestT,
        ReceiveNotificationT,
    ],
):
    """
    Implements an MCP "session" on top of read/write streams, including features
    like request/response linking, notifications, and progress.

    This class is an async context manager that automatically starts processing
    messages when entered.
    """

    _response_streams: dict[
        RequestId, MemoryObjectSendStream[JSONRPCResponse | JSONRPCError]
    ]
    _request_id: int
    _in_flight: dict[RequestId, RequestResponder[ReceiveRequestT, SendResultT]]

    def __init__(
        self,
        read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[JSONRPCMessage | Exception],
        write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[JSONRPCMessage],
        receive_request_type: type[ReceiveRequestT],
        receive_notification_type: type[ReceiveNotificationT],
        # If none, reading will never time out
        read_timeout_seconds: timedelta | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        self._read_stream = read_stream
        self._write_stream = write_stream
        self._response_streams = {}
        self._request_id = 0
        self._receive_request_type = receive_request_type
        self._receive_notification_type = receive_notification_type
        self._read_timeout_seconds = read_timeout_seconds
        self._in_flight = {}

        self._incoming_message_stream_writer, self._incoming_message_stream_reader = (
            anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
                RequestResponder[ReceiveRequestT, SendResultT]
                | ReceiveNotificationT
                | Exception
            ]()
        )

    async def __aenter__(self):
        self._task_group = anyio.create_task_group()
        await self._task_group.__aenter__()
        self._task_group.start_soon(self._receive_loop)
        return self

    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        # Using BaseSession as a context manager should not block on exit (this
        # would be very surprising behavior), so make sure to cancel the tasks
        # in the task group.
        self._task_group.cancel_scope.cancel()
        return await self._task_group.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)

    async def send_request(
        self,
        request: SendRequestT,
        result_type: type[ReceiveResultT],
    ) -> ReceiveResultT:
        """
        Sends a request and wait for a response. Raises an McpError if the
        response contains an error.

        Do not use this method to emit notifications! Use send_notification()
        instead.
        """

        request_id = self._request_id
        self._request_id = request_id + 1

        response_stream, response_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
            JSONRPCResponse | JSONRPCError
        ](1)
        self._response_streams[request_id] = response_stream

        jsonrpc_request = JSONRPCRequest(
            jsonrpc="2.0",
            id=request_id,
            **request.model_dump(by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True),
        )

        # TODO: Support progress callbacks

        await self._write_stream.send(JSONRPCMessage(jsonrpc_request))

        try:
            with anyio.fail_after(
                None
                if self._read_timeout_seconds is None
                else self._read_timeout_seconds.total_seconds()
            ):
                response_or_error = await response_stream_reader.receive()
        except TimeoutError:
            raise McpError(
                ErrorData(
                    code=httpx.codes.REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
                    message=(
                        f"Timed out while waiting for response to "
                        f"{request.__class__.__name__}. Waited "
                        f"{self._read_timeout_seconds} seconds."
                    ),
                )
            )

        if isinstance(response_or_error, JSONRPCError):
            raise McpError(response_or_error.error)
        else:
            return result_type.model_validate(response_or_error.result)

    async def send_notification(self, notification: SendNotificationT) -> None:
        """
        Emits a notification, which is a one-way message that does not expect
        a response.
        """
        jsonrpc_notification = JSONRPCNotification(
            jsonrpc="2.0",
            **notification.model_dump(by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True),
        )

        await self._write_stream.send(JSONRPCMessage(jsonrpc_notification))

    async def _send_response(
        self, request_id: RequestId, response: SendResultT | ErrorData
    ) -> None:
        if isinstance(response, ErrorData):
            jsonrpc_error = JSONRPCError(jsonrpc="2.0", id=request_id, error=response)
            await self._write_stream.send(JSONRPCMessage(jsonrpc_error))
        else:
            jsonrpc_response = JSONRPCResponse(
                jsonrpc="2.0",
                id=request_id,
                result=response.model_dump(
                    by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True
                ),
            )
            await self._write_stream.send(JSONRPCMessage(jsonrpc_response))

    async def _receive_loop(self) -> None:
        async with (
            self._read_stream,
            self._write_stream,
            self._incoming_message_stream_writer,
        ):
            async for message in self._read_stream:
                if isinstance(message, Exception):
                    await self._incoming_message_stream_writer.send(message)
                elif isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCRequest):
                    validated_request = self._receive_request_type.model_validate(
                        message.root.model_dump(
                            by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True
                        )
                    )

                    responder = RequestResponder(
                        request_id=message.root.id,
                        request_meta=validated_request.root.params.meta
                        if validated_request.root.params
                        else None,
                        request=validated_request,
                        session=self,
                        on_complete=lambda r: self._in_flight.pop(r.request_id, None),
                    )

                    self._in_flight[responder.request_id] = responder
                    await self._received_request(responder)
                    if not responder._completed:
                        await self._incoming_message_stream_writer.send(responder)

                elif isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCNotification):
                    try:
                        notification = self._receive_notification_type.model_validate(
                            message.root.model_dump(
                                by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True
                            )
                        )
                        # Handle cancellation notifications
                        if isinstance(notification.root, CancelledNotification):
                            cancelled_id = notification.root.params.requestId
                            if cancelled_id in self._in_flight:
                                await self._in_flight[cancelled_id].cancel()
                        else:
                            await self._received_notification(notification)
                            await self._incoming_message_stream_writer.send(
                                notification
                            )
                    except Exception as e:
                        # For other validation errors, log and continue
                        logging.warning(
                            f"Failed to validate notification: {e}. "
                            f"Message was: {message.root}"
                        )
                else:  # Response or error
                    stream = self._response_streams.pop(message.root.id, None)
                    if stream:
                        await stream.send(message.root)
                    else:
                        await self._incoming_message_stream_writer.send(
                            RuntimeError(
                                "Received response with an unknown "
                                f"request ID: {message}"
                            )
                        )

    async def _received_request(
        self, responder: RequestResponder[ReceiveRequestT, SendResultT]
    ) -> None:
        """
        Can be overridden by subclasses to handle a request without needing to
        listen on the message stream.

        If the request is responded to within this method, it will not be
        forwarded on to the message stream.
        """

    async def _received_notification(self, notification: ReceiveNotificationT) -> None:
        """
        Can be overridden by subclasses to handle a notification without needing
        to listen on the message stream.
        """

    async def send_progress_notification(
        self, progress_token: str | int, progress: float, total: float | None = None
    ) -> None:
        """
        Sends a progress notification for a request that is currently being
        processed.
        """

    @property
    def incoming_messages(
        self,
    ) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[
        RequestResponder[ReceiveRequestT, SendResultT]
        | ReceiveNotificationT
        | Exception
    ]:
        return self._incoming_message_stream_reader


================================================
File: src/mcp/shared/version.py
================================================
from mcp.types import LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION

SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = [1, LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION]


================================================
File: tests/conftest.py
================================================
import pytest


@pytest.fixture
def anyio_backend():
    return "asyncio"


================================================
File: tests/test_examples.py
================================================
"""Tests for example servers"""

import pytest

from mcp.shared.memory import (
    create_connected_server_and_client_session as client_session,
)
from mcp.types import TextContent, TextResourceContents


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_simple_echo():
    """Test the simple echo server"""
    from examples.fastmcp.simple_echo import mcp

    async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
        result = await client.call_tool("echo", {"text": "hello"})
        assert len(result.content) == 1
        content = result.content[0]
        assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
        assert content.text == "hello"


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_complex_inputs():
    """Test the complex inputs server"""
    from examples.fastmcp.complex_inputs import mcp

    async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
        tank = {"shrimp": [{"name": "bob"}, {"name": "alice"}]}
        result = await client.call_tool(
            "name_shrimp", {"tank": tank, "extra_names": ["charlie"]}
        )
        assert len(result.content) == 3
        assert isinstance(result.content[0], TextContent)
        assert isinstance(result.content[1], TextContent)
        assert isinstance(result.content[2], TextContent)
        assert result.content[0].text == "bob"
        assert result.content[1].text == "alice"
        assert result.content[2].text == "charlie"


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_desktop(monkeypatch):
    """Test the desktop server"""
    from pathlib import Path

    from pydantic import AnyUrl

    from examples.fastmcp.desktop import mcp

    # Mock desktop directory listing
    mock_files = [Path("/fake/path/file1.txt"), Path("/fake/path/file2.txt")]
    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "iterdir", lambda self: mock_files)
    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: Path("/fake/home"))

    async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
        # Test the add function
        result = await client.call_tool("add", {"a": 1, "b": 2})
        assert len(result.content) == 1
        content = result.content[0]
        assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
        assert content.text == "3"

        # Test the desktop resource
        result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("dir://desktop"))
        assert len(result.contents) == 1
        content = result.contents[0]
        assert isinstance(content, TextResourceContents)
        assert isinstance(content.text, str)
        assert "/fake/path/file1.txt" in content.text
        assert "/fake/path/file2.txt" in content.text


================================================
File: tests/test_types.py
================================================
import pytest

from mcp.types import (
    LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
    ClientRequest,
    JSONRPCMessage,
    JSONRPCRequest,
)


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_jsonrpc_request():
    json_data = {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
        "id": 1,
        "method": "initialize",
        "params": {
            "protocolVersion": LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
            "capabilities": {"batch": None, "sampling": None},
            "clientInfo": {"name": "mcp", "version": "0.1.0"},
        },
    }

    request = JSONRPCMessage.model_validate(json_data)
    assert isinstance(request.root, JSONRPCRequest)
    ClientRequest.model_validate(request.model_dump(by_alias=True, exclude_none=True))

    assert request.root.jsonrpc == "2.0"
    assert request.root.id == 1
    assert request.root.method == "initialize"
    assert request.root.params is not None
    assert request.root.params["protocolVersion"] == LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION


================================================
File: tests/client/test_config.py
================================================
import json
import subprocess
from unittest.mock import patch

import pytest

from mcp.cli.claude import update_claude_config


@pytest.fixture
def temp_config_dir(tmp_path):
    """Create a temporary Claude config directory."""
    config_dir = tmp_path / "Claude"
    config_dir.mkdir()
    return config_dir


@pytest.fixture
def mock_config_path(temp_config_dir):
    """Mock get_claude_config_path to return our temporary directory."""
    with patch("mcp.cli.claude.get_claude_config_path", return_value=temp_config_dir):
        yield temp_config_dir


def test_command_execution(mock_config_path):
    """Test that the generated command can actually be executed."""
    # Setup
    server_name = "test_server"
    file_spec = "test_server.py:app"

    # Update config
    success = update_claude_config(
        file_spec=file_spec,
        server_name=server_name,
    )
    assert success

    # Read the generated config
    config_file = mock_config_path / "claude_desktop_config.json"
    config = json.loads(config_file.read_text())

    # Get the command and args
    server_config = config["mcpServers"][server_name]
    command = server_config["command"]
    args = server_config["args"]

    test_args = [command] + args + ["--help"]

    result = subprocess.run(test_args, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=5)

    assert result.returncode == 0
    assert "usage" in result.stdout.lower()


================================================
File: tests/client/test_session.py
================================================
import anyio
import pytest

from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.types import (
    LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
    ClientNotification,
    ClientRequest,
    Implementation,
    InitializedNotification,
    InitializeRequest,
    InitializeResult,
    JSONRPCMessage,
    JSONRPCNotification,
    JSONRPCRequest,
    JSONRPCResponse,
    ServerCapabilities,
    ServerResult,
)


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_client_session_initialize():
    client_to_server_send, client_to_server_receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
        JSONRPCMessage
    ](1)
    server_to_client_send, server_to_client_receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
        JSONRPCMessage
    ](1)

    initialized_notification = None

    async def mock_server():
        nonlocal initialized_notification

        jsonrpc_request = await client_to_server_receive.receive()
        assert isinstance(jsonrpc_request.root, JSONRPCRequest)
        request = ClientRequest.model_validate(
            jsonrpc_request.model_dump(by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True)
        )
        assert isinstance(request.root, InitializeRequest)

        result = ServerResult(
            InitializeResult(
                protocolVersion=LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
                capabilities=ServerCapabilities(
                    logging=None,
                    resources=None,
                    tools=None,
                    experimental=None,
                    prompts=None,
                ),
                serverInfo=Implementation(name="mock-server", version="0.1.0"),
                instructions="The server instructions.",
            )
        )

        async with server_to_client_send:
            await server_to_client_send.send(
                JSONRPCMessage(
                    JSONRPCResponse(
                        jsonrpc="2.0",
                        id=jsonrpc_request.root.id,
                        result=result.model_dump(
                            by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True
                        ),
                    )
                )
            )
            jsonrpc_notification = await client_to_server_receive.receive()
            assert isinstance(jsonrpc_notification.root, JSONRPCNotification)
            initialized_notification = ClientNotification.model_validate(
                jsonrpc_notification.model_dump(
                    by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True
                )
            )

    async def listen_session():
        async for message in session.incoming_messages:
            if isinstance(message, Exception):
                raise message

    async with (
        ClientSession(server_to_client_receive, client_to_server_send) as session,
        anyio.create_task_group() as tg,
    ):
        tg.start_soon(mock_server)
        tg.start_soon(listen_session)
        result = await session.initialize()

    # Assert the result
    assert isinstance(result, InitializeResult)
    assert result.protocolVersion == LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION
    assert isinstance(result.capabilities, ServerCapabilities)
    assert result.serverInfo == Implementation(name="mock-server", version="0.1.0")
    assert result.instructions == "The server instructions."

    # Check that the client sent the initialized notification
    assert initialized_notification
    assert isinstance(initialized_notification.root, InitializedNotification)


================================================
File: tests/client/test_stdio.py
================================================
import pytest

from mcp.client.stdio import StdioServerParameters, stdio_client
from mcp.types import JSONRPCMessage, JSONRPCRequest, JSONRPCResponse


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_stdio_client():
    server_parameters = StdioServerParameters(command="/usr/bin/tee")

    async with stdio_client(server_parameters) as (read_stream, write_stream):
        # Test sending and receiving messages
        messages = [
            JSONRPCMessage(root=JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=1, method="ping")),
            JSONRPCMessage(root=JSONRPCResponse(jsonrpc="2.0", id=2, result={})),
        ]

        async with write_stream:
            for message in messages:
                await write_stream.send(message)

        read_messages = []
        async with read_stream:
            async for message in read_stream:
                if isinstance(message, Exception):
                    raise message

                read_messages.append(message)
                if len(read_messages) == 2:
                    break

        assert len(read_messages) == 2
        assert read_messages[0] == JSONRPCMessage(
            root=JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=1, method="ping")
        )
        assert read_messages[1] == JSONRPCMessage(
            root=JSONRPCResponse(jsonrpc="2.0", id=2, result={})
        )


================================================
File: tests/issues/test_100_tool_listing.py
================================================
import pytest

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio


async def test_list_tools_returns_all_tools():
    mcp = FastMCP("TestTools")

    # Create 100 tools with unique names
    num_tools = 100
    for i in range(num_tools):

        @mcp.tool(name=f"tool_{i}")
        def dummy_tool_func():
            f"""Tool number {i}"""
            return i

        globals()[f"dummy_tool_{i}"] = (
            dummy_tool_func  # Keep reference to avoid garbage collection
        )

    # Get all tools
    tools = await mcp.list_tools()

    # Verify we get all tools
    assert len(tools) == num_tools, f"Expected {num_tools} tools, but got {len(tools)}"

    # Verify each tool is unique and has the correct name
    tool_names = [tool.name for tool in tools]
    expected_names = [f"tool_{i}" for i in range(num_tools)]
    assert sorted(tool_names) == sorted(
        expected_names
    ), "Tool names don't match expected names"


================================================
File: tests/issues/test_129_resource_templates.py
================================================
import pytest

from mcp import types
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_resource_templates():
    # Create an MCP server
    mcp = FastMCP("Demo")

    # Add a dynamic greeting resource
    @mcp.resource("greeting://{name}")
    def get_greeting(name: str) -> str:
        """Get a personalized greeting"""
        return f"Hello, {name}!"

    @mcp.resource("users://{user_id}/profile")
    def get_user_profile(user_id: str) -> str:
        """Dynamic user data"""
        return f"Profile data for user {user_id}"

    # Get the list of resource templates using the underlying server
    # Note: list_resource_templates() returns a decorator that wraps the handler
    # The handler returns a ServerResult with a ListResourceTemplatesResult inside
    result = await mcp._mcp_server.request_handlers[types.ListResourceTemplatesRequest](
        types.ListResourceTemplatesRequest(
            method="resources/templates/list", params=None, cursor=None
        )
    )
    assert isinstance(result.root, types.ListResourceTemplatesResult)
    templates = result.root.resourceTemplates

    # Verify we get both templates back
    assert len(templates) == 2

    # Verify template details
    greeting_template = next(t for t in templates if t.name == "get_greeting")
    assert greeting_template.uriTemplate == "greeting://{name}"
    assert greeting_template.description == "Get a personalized greeting"

    profile_template = next(t for t in templates if t.name == "get_user_profile")
    assert profile_template.uriTemplate == "users://{user_id}/profile"
    assert profile_template.description == "Dynamic user data"


================================================
File: tests/issues/test_141_resource_templates.py
================================================
import pytest
from pydantic import AnyUrl

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
from mcp.shared.memory import (
    create_connected_server_and_client_session as client_session,
)
from mcp.types import (
    ListResourceTemplatesResult,
    TextResourceContents,
)


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_resource_template_edge_cases():
    """Test server-side resource template validation"""
    mcp = FastMCP("Demo")

    # Test case 1: Template with multiple parameters
    @mcp.resource("resource://users/{user_id}/posts/{post_id}")
    def get_user_post(user_id: str, post_id: str) -> str:
        return f"Post {post_id} by user {user_id}"

    # Test case 2: Template with optional parameter (should fail)
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Mismatch between URI parameters"):

        @mcp.resource("resource://users/{user_id}/profile")
        def get_user_profile(user_id: str, optional_param: str | None = None) -> str:
            return f"Profile for user {user_id}"

    # Test case 3: Template with mismatched parameters
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Mismatch between URI parameters"):

        @mcp.resource("resource://users/{user_id}/profile")
        def get_user_profile_mismatch(different_param: str) -> str:
            return f"Profile for user {different_param}"

    # Test case 4: Template with extra function parameters
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Mismatch between URI parameters"):

        @mcp.resource("resource://users/{user_id}/profile")
        def get_user_profile_extra(user_id: str, extra_param: str) -> str:
            return f"Profile for user {user_id}"

    # Test case 5: Template with missing function parameters
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Mismatch between URI parameters"):

        @mcp.resource("resource://users/{user_id}/profile/{section}")
        def get_user_profile_missing(user_id: str) -> str:
            return f"Profile for user {user_id}"

    # Verify valid template works
    result = await mcp.read_resource("resource://users/123/posts/456")
    assert result.content == "Post 456 by user 123"
    assert result.mime_type == "text/plain"

    # Verify invalid parameters raise error
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unknown resource"):
        await mcp.read_resource("resource://users/123/posts")  # Missing post_id

    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unknown resource"):
        await mcp.read_resource(
            "resource://users/123/posts/456/extra"
        )  # Extra path component


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_resource_template_client_interaction():
    """Test client-side resource template interaction"""
    mcp = FastMCP("Demo")

    # Register some templated resources
    @mcp.resource("resource://users/{user_id}/posts/{post_id}")
    def get_user_post(user_id: str, post_id: str) -> str:
        return f"Post {post_id} by user {user_id}"

    @mcp.resource("resource://users/{user_id}/profile")
    def get_user_profile(user_id: str) -> str:
        return f"Profile for user {user_id}"

    async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as session:
        # Initialize the session
        await session.initialize()

        # List available resources
        resources = await session.list_resource_templates()
        assert isinstance(resources, ListResourceTemplatesResult)
        assert len(resources.resourceTemplates) == 2

        # Verify resource templates are listed correctly
        templates = [r.uriTemplate for r in resources.resourceTemplates]
        assert "resource://users/{user_id}/posts/{post_id}" in templates
        assert "resource://users/{user_id}/profile" in templates

        # Read a resource with valid parameters
        result = await session.read_resource(AnyUrl("resource://users/123/posts/456"))
        contents = result.contents[0]
        assert isinstance(contents, TextResourceContents)
        assert contents.text == "Post 456 by user 123"
        assert contents.mimeType == "text/plain"

        # Read another resource with valid parameters
        result = await session.read_resource(AnyUrl("resource://users/789/profile"))
        contents = result.contents[0]
        assert isinstance(contents, TextResourceContents)
        assert contents.text == "Profile for user 789"
        assert contents.mimeType == "text/plain"

        # Verify invalid resource URIs raise appropriate errors
        with pytest.raises(Exception):  # Specific exception type may vary
            await session.read_resource(
                AnyUrl("resource://users/123/posts")
            )  # Missing post_id

        with pytest.raises(Exception):  # Specific exception type may vary
            await session.read_resource(
                AnyUrl("resource://users/123/invalid")
            )  # Invalid template


================================================
File: tests/issues/test_152_resource_mime_type.py
================================================
import base64

import pytest
from pydantic import AnyUrl

from mcp import types
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
from mcp.server.lowlevel import Server
from mcp.server.lowlevel.helper_types import ReadResourceContents
from mcp.shared.memory import (
    create_connected_server_and_client_session as client_session,
)

pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio


async def test_fastmcp_resource_mime_type():
    """Test that mime_type parameter is respected for resources."""
    mcp = FastMCP("test")

    # Create a small test image as bytes
    image_bytes = b"fake_image_data"
    base64_string = base64.b64encode(image_bytes).decode("utf-8")

    @mcp.resource("test://image", mime_type="image/png")
    def get_image_as_string() -> str:
        """Return a test image as base64 string."""
        return base64_string

    @mcp.resource("test://image_bytes", mime_type="image/png")
    def get_image_as_bytes() -> bytes:
        """Return a test image as bytes."""
        return image_bytes

    # Test that resources are listed with correct mime type
    async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
        # List resources and verify mime types
        resources = await client.list_resources()
        assert resources.resources is not None

        mapping = {str(r.uri): r for r in resources.resources}

        # Find our resources
        string_resource = mapping["test://image"]
        bytes_resource = mapping["test://image_bytes"]

        # Verify mime types
        assert (
            string_resource.mimeType == "image/png"
        ), "String resource mime type not respected"
        assert (
            bytes_resource.mimeType == "image/png"
        ), "Bytes resource mime type not respected"

        # Also verify the content can be read correctly
        string_result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("test://image"))
        assert len(string_result.contents) == 1
        assert (
            getattr(string_result.contents[0], "text") == base64_string
        ), "Base64 string mismatch"
        assert (
            string_result.contents[0].mimeType == "image/png"
        ), "String content mime type not preserved"

        bytes_result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("test://image_bytes"))
        assert len(bytes_result.contents) == 1
        assert (
            base64.b64decode(getattr(bytes_result.contents[0], "blob")) == image_bytes
        ), "Bytes mismatch"
        assert (
            bytes_result.contents[0].mimeType == "image/png"
        ), "Bytes content mime type not preserved"


async def test_lowlevel_resource_mime_type():
    """Test that mime_type parameter is respected for resources."""
    server = Server("test")

    # Create a small test image as bytes
    image_bytes = b"fake_image_data"
    base64_string = base64.b64encode(image_bytes).decode("utf-8")

    # Create test resources with specific mime types
    test_resources = [
        types.Resource(
            uri=AnyUrl("test://image"), name="test image", mimeType="image/png"
        ),
        types.Resource(
            uri=AnyUrl("test://image_bytes"),
            name="test image bytes",
            mimeType="image/png",
        ),
    ]

    @server.list_resources()
    async def handle_list_resources():
        return test_resources

    @server.read_resource()
    async def handle_read_resource(uri: AnyUrl):
        if str(uri) == "test://image":
            return ReadResourceContents(content=base64_string, mime_type="image/png")
        elif str(uri) == "test://image_bytes":
            return ReadResourceContents(
                content=bytes(image_bytes), mime_type="image/png"
            )
        raise Exception(f"Resource not found: {uri}")

    # Test that resources are listed with correct mime type
    async with client_session(server) as client:
        # List resources and verify mime types
        resources = await client.list_resources()
        assert resources.resources is not None

        mapping = {str(r.uri): r for r in resources.resources}

        # Find our resources
        string_resource = mapping["test://image"]
        bytes_resource = mapping["test://image_bytes"]

        # Verify mime types
        assert (
            string_resource.mimeType == "image/png"
        ), "String resource mime type not respected"
        assert (
            bytes_resource.mimeType == "image/png"
        ), "Bytes resource mime type not respected"

        # Also verify the content can be read correctly
        string_result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("test://image"))
        assert len(string_result.contents) == 1
        assert (
            getattr(string_result.contents[0], "text") == base64_string
        ), "Base64 string mismatch"
        assert (
            string_result.contents[0].mimeType == "image/png"
        ), "String content mime type not preserved"

        bytes_result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("test://image_bytes"))
        assert len(bytes_result.contents) == 1
        assert (
            base64.b64decode(getattr(bytes_result.contents[0], "blob")) == image_bytes
        ), "Bytes mismatch"
        assert (
            bytes_result.contents[0].mimeType == "image/png"
        ), "Bytes content mime type not preserved"


================================================
File: tests/issues/test_176_progress_token.py
================================================
from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock

import pytest

from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context
from mcp.shared.context import RequestContext

pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio


async def test_progress_token_zero_first_call():
    """Test that progress notifications work when progress_token is 0 on first call."""

    # Create mock session with progress notification tracking
    mock_session = AsyncMock()
    mock_session.send_progress_notification = AsyncMock()

    # Create request context with progress token 0
    mock_meta = MagicMock()
    mock_meta.progressToken = 0  # This is the key test case - token is 0

    request_context = RequestContext(
        request_id="test-request",
        session=mock_session,
        meta=mock_meta,
        lifespan_context=None,
    )

    # Create context with our mocks
    ctx = Context(request_context=request_context, fastmcp=MagicMock())

    # Test progress reporting
    await ctx.report_progress(0, 10)  # First call with 0
    await ctx.report_progress(5, 10)  # Middle progress
    await ctx.report_progress(10, 10)  # Complete

    # Verify progress notifications
    assert (
        mock_session.send_progress_notification.call_count == 3
    ), "All progress notifications should be sent"
    mock_session.send_progress_notification.assert_any_call(
        progress_token=0, progress=0.0, total=10.0
    )
    mock_session.send_progress_notification.assert_any_call(
        progress_token=0, progress=5.0, total=10.0
    )
    mock_session.send_progress_notification.assert_any_call(
        progress_token=0, progress=10.0, total=10.0
    )


================================================
File: tests/issues/test_188_concurrency.py
================================================
import anyio
from pydantic import AnyUrl

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
from mcp.shared.memory import (
    create_connected_server_and_client_session as create_session,
)

_sleep_time_seconds = 0.01
_resource_name = "slow://slow_resource"


async def test_messages_are_executed_concurrently():
    server = FastMCP("test")

    @server.tool("sleep")
    async def sleep_tool():
        await anyio.sleep(_sleep_time_seconds)
        return "done"

    @server.resource(_resource_name)
    async def slow_resource():
        await anyio.sleep(_sleep_time_seconds)
        return "slow"

    async with create_session(server._mcp_server) as client_session:
        start_time = anyio.current_time()
        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
            for _ in range(10):
                tg.start_soon(client_session.call_tool, "sleep")
                tg.start_soon(client_session.read_resource, AnyUrl(_resource_name))

        end_time = anyio.current_time()

        duration = end_time - start_time
        assert duration < 3 * _sleep_time_seconds
        print(duration)


def main():
    anyio.run(test_messages_are_executed_concurrently)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import logging

    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

    main()


================================================
File: tests/issues/test_192_request_id.py
================================================
import anyio
import pytest

from mcp.server.lowlevel import NotificationOptions, Server
from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
from mcp.types import (
    LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
    ClientCapabilities,
    Implementation,
    InitializeRequestParams,
    JSONRPCMessage,
    JSONRPCNotification,
    JSONRPCRequest,
    NotificationParams,
)


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_request_id_match() -> None:
    """Test that the server preserves request IDs in responses."""
    server = Server("test")
    custom_request_id = "test-123"

    # Create memory streams for communication
    client_writer, client_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(1)
    server_writer, server_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(1)

    # Server task to process the request
    async def run_server():
        async with client_reader, server_writer:
            await server.run(
                client_reader,
                server_writer,
                InitializationOptions(
                    server_name="test",
                    server_version="1.0.0",
                    capabilities=server.get_capabilities(
                        notification_options=NotificationOptions(),
                        experimental_capabilities={},
                    ),
                ),
                raise_exceptions=True,
            )

    # Start server task
    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
        tg.start_soon(run_server)

        # Send initialize request
        init_req = JSONRPCRequest(
            id="init-1",
            method="initialize",
            params=InitializeRequestParams(
                protocolVersion=LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
                capabilities=ClientCapabilities(),
                clientInfo=Implementation(name="test-client", version="1.0.0"),
            ).model_dump(by_alias=True, exclude_none=True),
            jsonrpc="2.0",
        )

        await client_writer.send(JSONRPCMessage(root=init_req))
        await server_reader.receive()  # Get init response but don't need to check it

        # Send initialized notification
        initialized_notification = JSONRPCNotification(
            method="notifications/initialized",
            params=NotificationParams().model_dump(by_alias=True, exclude_none=True),
            jsonrpc="2.0",
        )
        await client_writer.send(JSONRPCMessage(root=initialized_notification))

        # Send ping request with custom ID
        ping_request = JSONRPCRequest(
            id=custom_request_id, method="ping", params={}, jsonrpc="2.0"
        )

        await client_writer.send(JSONRPCMessage(root=ping_request))

        # Read response
        response = await server_reader.receive()

        # Verify response ID matches request ID
        assert (
            response.root.id == custom_request_id
        ), "Response ID should match request ID"

        # Cancel server task
        tg.cancel_scope.cancel()


================================================
File: tests/issues/test_88_random_error.py
================================================
"""Test to reproduce issue #88: Random error thrown on response."""

from datetime import timedelta
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Sequence

import anyio
import pytest

from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.server.lowlevel import Server
from mcp.shared.exceptions import McpError
from mcp.types import (
    EmbeddedResource,
    ImageContent,
    TextContent,
)


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_notification_validation_error(tmp_path: Path):
    """Test that timeouts are handled gracefully and don't break the server.

    This test verifies that when a client request times out:
    1. The server task stays alive
    2. The server can still handle new requests
    3. The client can make new requests
    4. No resources are leaked
    """

    server = Server(name="test")
    request_count = 0
    slow_request_started = anyio.Event()
    slow_request_complete = anyio.Event()

    @server.call_tool()
    async def slow_tool(
        name: str, arg
    ) -> Sequence[TextContent | ImageContent | EmbeddedResource]:
        nonlocal request_count
        request_count += 1

        if name == "slow":
            # Signal that slow request has started
            slow_request_started.set()
            # Long enough to ensure timeout
            await anyio.sleep(0.2)
            # Signal completion
            slow_request_complete.set()
            return [TextContent(type="text", text=f"slow {request_count}")]
        elif name == "fast":
            # Fast enough to complete before timeout
            await anyio.sleep(0.01)
            return [TextContent(type="text", text=f"fast {request_count}")]
        return [TextContent(type="text", text=f"unknown {request_count}")]

    async def server_handler(read_stream, write_stream):
        await server.run(
            read_stream,
            write_stream,
            server.create_initialization_options(),
            raise_exceptions=True,
        )

    async def client(read_stream, write_stream):
        # Use a timeout that's:
        # - Long enough for fast operations (>10ms)
        # - Short enough for slow operations (<200ms)
        # - Not too short to avoid flakiness
        async with ClientSession(
            read_stream, write_stream, read_timeout_seconds=timedelta(milliseconds=50)
        ) as session:
            await session.initialize()

            # First call should work (fast operation)
            result = await session.call_tool("fast")
            assert result.content == [TextContent(type="text", text="fast 1")]
            assert not slow_request_complete.is_set()

            # Second call should timeout (slow operation)
            with pytest.raises(McpError) as exc_info:
                await session.call_tool("slow")
            assert "Timed out while waiting" in str(exc_info.value)

            # Wait for slow request to complete in the background
            with anyio.fail_after(1):  # Timeout after 1 second
                await slow_request_complete.wait()

            # Third call should work (fast operation),
            # proving server is still responsive
            result = await session.call_tool("fast")
            assert result.content == [TextContent(type="text", text="fast 3")]

    # Run server and client in separate task groups to avoid cancellation
    server_writer, server_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(1)
    client_writer, client_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(1)

    server_ready = anyio.Event()

    async def wrapped_server_handler(read_stream, write_stream):
        server_ready.set()
        await server_handler(read_stream, write_stream)

    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
        tg.start_soon(wrapped_server_handler, server_reader, client_writer)
        # Wait for server to start and initialize
        with anyio.fail_after(1):  # Timeout after 1 second
            await server_ready.wait()
        # Run client in a separate task to avoid cancellation
        async with anyio.create_task_group() as client_tg:
            client_tg.start_soon(client, client_reader, server_writer)


================================================
File: tests/server/test_lifespan.py
================================================
"""Tests for lifespan functionality in both low-level and FastMCP servers."""

from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from typing import AsyncIterator

import anyio
import pytest
from pydantic import TypeAdapter

from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context, FastMCP
from mcp.server.lowlevel.server import NotificationOptions, Server
from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
from mcp.types import (
    ClientCapabilities,
    Implementation,
    InitializeRequestParams,
    JSONRPCMessage,
    JSONRPCNotification,
    JSONRPCRequest,
)


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_lowlevel_server_lifespan():
    """Test that lifespan works in low-level server."""

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def test_lifespan(server: Server) -> AsyncIterator[dict]:
        """Test lifespan context that tracks startup/shutdown."""
        context = {"started": False, "shutdown": False}
        try:
            context["started"] = True
            yield context
        finally:
            context["shutdown"] = True

    server = Server("test", lifespan=test_lifespan)

    # Create memory streams for testing
    send_stream1, receive_stream1 = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(100)
    send_stream2, receive_stream2 = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(100)

    # Create a tool that accesses lifespan context
    @server.call_tool()
    async def check_lifespan(name: str, arguments: dict) -> list:
        ctx = server.request_context
        assert isinstance(ctx.lifespan_context, dict)
        assert ctx.lifespan_context["started"]
        assert not ctx.lifespan_context["shutdown"]
        return [{"type": "text", "text": "true"}]

    # Run server in background task
    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:

        async def run_server():
            await server.run(
                receive_stream1,
                send_stream2,
                InitializationOptions(
                    server_name="test",
                    server_version="0.1.0",
                    capabilities=server.get_capabilities(
                        notification_options=NotificationOptions(),
                        experimental_capabilities={},
                    ),
                ),
                raise_exceptions=True,
            )

        tg.start_soon(run_server)

        # Initialize the server
        params = InitializeRequestParams(
            protocolVersion="2024-11-05",
            capabilities=ClientCapabilities(),
            clientInfo=Implementation(name="test-client", version="0.1.0"),
        )
        await send_stream1.send(
            JSONRPCMessage(
                root=JSONRPCRequest(
                    jsonrpc="2.0",
                    id=1,
                    method="initialize",
                    params=TypeAdapter(InitializeRequestParams).dump_python(params),
                )
            )
        )
        response = await receive_stream2.receive()

        # Send initialized notification
        await send_stream1.send(
            JSONRPCMessage(
                root=JSONRPCNotification(
                    jsonrpc="2.0",
                    method="notifications/initialized",
                )
            )
        )

        # Call the tool to verify lifespan context
        await send_stream1.send(
            JSONRPCMessage(
                root=JSONRPCRequest(
                    jsonrpc="2.0",
                    id=2,
                    method="tools/call",
                    params={"name": "check_lifespan", "arguments": {}},
                )
            )
        )

        # Get response and verify
        response = await receive_stream2.receive()
        assert response.root.result["content"][0]["text"] == "true"

        # Cancel server task
        tg.cancel_scope.cancel()


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_fastmcp_server_lifespan():
    """Test that lifespan works in FastMCP server."""

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def test_lifespan(server: FastMCP) -> AsyncIterator[dict]:
        """Test lifespan context that tracks startup/shutdown."""
        context = {"started": False, "shutdown": False}
        try:
            context["started"] = True
            yield context
        finally:
            context["shutdown"] = True

    server = FastMCP("test", lifespan=test_lifespan)

    # Create memory streams for testing
    send_stream1, receive_stream1 = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(100)
    send_stream2, receive_stream2 = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(100)

    # Add a tool that checks lifespan context
    @server.tool()
    def check_lifespan(ctx: Context) -> bool:
        """Tool that checks lifespan context."""
        assert isinstance(ctx.request_context.lifespan_context, dict)
        assert ctx.request_context.lifespan_context["started"]
        assert not ctx.request_context.lifespan_context["shutdown"]
        return True

    # Run server in background task
    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:

        async def run_server():
            await server._mcp_server.run(
                receive_stream1,
                send_stream2,
                server._mcp_server.create_initialization_options(),
                raise_exceptions=True,
            )

        tg.start_soon(run_server)

        # Initialize the server
        params = InitializeRequestParams(
            protocolVersion="2024-11-05",
            capabilities=ClientCapabilities(),
            clientInfo=Implementation(name="test-client", version="0.1.0"),
        )
        await send_stream1.send(
            JSONRPCMessage(
                root=JSONRPCRequest(
                    jsonrpc="2.0",
                    id=1,
                    method="initialize",
                    params=TypeAdapter(InitializeRequestParams).dump_python(params),
                )
            )
        )
        response = await receive_stream2.receive()

        # Send initialized notification
        await send_stream1.send(
            JSONRPCMessage(
                root=JSONRPCNotification(
                    jsonrpc="2.0",
                    method="notifications/initialized",
                )
            )
        )

        # Call the tool to verify lifespan context
        await send_stream1.send(
            JSONRPCMessage(
                root=JSONRPCRequest(
                    jsonrpc="2.0",
                    id=2,
                    method="tools/call",
                    params={"name": "check_lifespan", "arguments": {}},
                )
            )
        )

        # Get response and verify
        response = await receive_stream2.receive()
        assert response.root.result["content"][0]["text"] == "true"

        # Cancel server task
        tg.cancel_scope.cancel()


================================================
File: tests/server/test_read_resource.py
================================================
from pathlib import Path
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile

import pytest
from pydantic import AnyUrl, FileUrl

import mcp.types as types
from mcp.server.lowlevel.server import ReadResourceContents, Server


@pytest.fixture
def temp_file():
    """Create a temporary file for testing."""
    with NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as f:
        f.write("test content")
        path = Path(f.name).resolve()
    yield path
    try:
        path.unlink()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_read_resource_text(temp_file: Path):
    server = Server("test")

    @server.read_resource()
    async def read_resource(uri: AnyUrl) -> ReadResourceContents:
        return ReadResourceContents(content="Hello World", mime_type="text/plain")

    # Get the handler directly from the server
    handler = server.request_handlers[types.ReadResourceRequest]

    # Create a request
    request = types.ReadResourceRequest(
        method="resources/read",
        params=types.ReadResourceRequestParams(uri=FileUrl(temp_file.as_uri())),
    )

    # Call the handler
    result = await handler(request)
    assert isinstance(result.root, types.ReadResourceResult)
    assert len(result.root.contents) == 1

    content = result.root.contents[0]
    assert isinstance(content, types.TextResourceContents)
    assert content.text == "Hello World"
    assert content.mimeType == "text/plain"


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_read_resource_binary(temp_file: Path):
    server = Server("test")

    @server.read_resource()
    async def read_resource(uri: AnyUrl) -> ReadResourceContents:
        return ReadResourceContents(
            content=b"Hello World", mime_type="application/octet-stream"
        )

    # Get the handler directly from the server
    handler = server.request_handlers[types.ReadResourceRequest]

    # Create a request
    request = types.ReadResourceRequest(
        method="resources/read",
        params=types.ReadResourceRequestParams(uri=FileUrl(temp_file.as_uri())),
    )

    # Call the handler
    result = await handler(request)
    assert isinstance(result.root, types.ReadResourceResult)
    assert len(result.root.contents) == 1

    content = result.root.contents[0]
    assert isinstance(content, types.BlobResourceContents)
    assert content.mimeType == "application/octet-stream"


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_read_resource_default_mime(temp_file: Path):
    server = Server("test")

    @server.read_resource()
    async def read_resource(uri: AnyUrl) -> ReadResourceContents:
        return ReadResourceContents(
            content="Hello World",
            # No mime_type specified, should default to text/plain
        )

    # Get the handler directly from the server
    handler = server.request_handlers[types.ReadResourceRequest]

    # Create a request
    request = types.ReadResourceRequest(
        method="resources/read",
        params=types.ReadResourceRequestParams(uri=FileUrl(temp_file.as_uri())),
    )

    # Call the handler
    result = await handler(request)
    assert isinstance(result.root, types.ReadResourceResult)
    assert len(result.root.contents) == 1

    content = result.root.contents[0]
    assert isinstance(content, types.TextResourceContents)
    assert content.text == "Hello World"
    assert content.mimeType == "text/plain"


================================================
File: tests/server/test_session.py
================================================
import anyio
import pytest

from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.server import Server
from mcp.server.lowlevel import NotificationOptions
from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
from mcp.server.session import ServerSession
from mcp.types import (
    ClientNotification,
    InitializedNotification,
    JSONRPCMessage,
    PromptsCapability,
    ResourcesCapability,
    ServerCapabilities,
)


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_server_session_initialize():
    server_to_client_send, server_to_client_receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
        JSONRPCMessage
    ](1)
    client_to_server_send, client_to_server_receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
        JSONRPCMessage
    ](1)

    async def run_client(client: ClientSession):
        async for message in client_session.incoming_messages:
            if isinstance(message, Exception):
                raise message

    received_initialized = False

    async def run_server():
        nonlocal received_initialized

        async with ServerSession(
            client_to_server_receive,
            server_to_client_send,
            InitializationOptions(
                server_name="mcp",
                server_version="0.1.0",
                capabilities=ServerCapabilities(),
            ),
        ) as server_session:
            async for message in server_session.incoming_messages:
                if isinstance(message, Exception):
                    raise message

                if isinstance(message, ClientNotification) and isinstance(
                    message.root, InitializedNotification
                ):
                    received_initialized = True
                    return

    try:
        async with (
            ClientSession(
                server_to_client_receive, client_to_server_send
            ) as client_session,
            anyio.create_task_group() as tg,
        ):
            tg.start_soon(run_client, client_session)
            tg.start_soon(run_server)

            await client_session.initialize()
    except anyio.ClosedResourceError:
        pass

    assert received_initialized


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_server_capabilities():
    server = Server("test")
    notification_options = NotificationOptions()
    experimental_capabilities = {}

    # Initially no capabilities
    caps = server.get_capabilities(notification_options, experimental_capabilities)
    assert caps.prompts is None
    assert caps.resources is None

    # Add a prompts handler
    @server.list_prompts()
    async def list_prompts():
        return []

    caps = server.get_capabilities(notification_options, experimental_capabilities)
    assert caps.prompts == PromptsCapability(listChanged=False)
    assert caps.resources is None

    # Add a resources handler
    @server.list_resources()
    async def list_resources():
        return []

    caps = server.get_capabilities(notification_options, experimental_capabilities)
    assert caps.prompts == PromptsCapability(listChanged=False)
    assert caps.resources == ResourcesCapability(subscribe=False, listChanged=False)


================================================
File: tests/server/test_stdio.py
================================================
import io

import anyio
import pytest

from mcp.server.stdio import stdio_server
from mcp.types import JSONRPCMessage, JSONRPCRequest, JSONRPCResponse


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_stdio_server():
    stdin = io.StringIO()
    stdout = io.StringIO()

    messages = [
        JSONRPCMessage(root=JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=1, method="ping")),
        JSONRPCMessage(root=JSONRPCResponse(jsonrpc="2.0", id=2, result={})),
    ]

    for message in messages:
        stdin.write(message.model_dump_json(by_alias=True, exclude_none=True) + "\n")
    stdin.seek(0)

    async with stdio_server(
        stdin=anyio.AsyncFile(stdin), stdout=anyio.AsyncFile(stdout)
    ) as (read_stream, write_stream):
        received_messages = []
        async with read_stream:
            async for message in read_stream:
                if isinstance(message, Exception):
                    raise message
                received_messages.append(message)
                if len(received_messages) == 2:
                    break

        # Verify received messages
        assert len(received_messages) == 2
        assert received_messages[0] == JSONRPCMessage(
            root=JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=1, method="ping")
        )
        assert received_messages[1] == JSONRPCMessage(
            root=JSONRPCResponse(jsonrpc="2.0", id=2, result={})
        )

        # Test sending responses from the server
        responses = [
            JSONRPCMessage(root=JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=3, method="ping")),
            JSONRPCMessage(root=JSONRPCResponse(jsonrpc="2.0", id=4, result={})),
        ]

        async with write_stream:
            for response in responses:
                await write_stream.send(response)

    stdout.seek(0)
    output_lines = stdout.readlines()
    assert len(output_lines) == 2

    received_responses = [
        JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(line.strip()) for line in output_lines
    ]
    assert len(received_responses) == 2
    assert received_responses[0] == JSONRPCMessage(
        root=JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=3, method="ping")
    )
    assert received_responses[1] == JSONRPCMessage(
        root=JSONRPCResponse(jsonrpc="2.0", id=4, result={})
    )


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/test_func_metadata.py
================================================
from typing import Annotated

import annotated_types
import pytest
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.func_metadata import func_metadata


class SomeInputModelA(BaseModel):
    pass


class SomeInputModelB(BaseModel):
    class InnerModel(BaseModel):
        x: int

    how_many_shrimp: Annotated[int, Field(description="How many shrimp in the tank???")]
    ok: InnerModel
    y: None


def complex_arguments_fn(
    an_int: int,
    must_be_none: None,
    must_be_none_dumb_annotation: Annotated[None, "blah"],
    list_of_ints: list[int],
    # list[str] | str is an interesting case because if it comes in as JSON like
    # "[\"a\", \"b\"]" then it will be naively parsed as a string.
    list_str_or_str: list[str] | str,
    an_int_annotated_with_field: Annotated[
        int, Field(description="An int with a field")
    ],
    an_int_annotated_with_field_and_others: Annotated[
        int,
        str,  # Should be ignored, really
        Field(description="An int with a field"),
        annotated_types.Gt(1),
    ],
    an_int_annotated_with_junk: Annotated[
        int,
        "123",
        456,
    ],
    field_with_default_via_field_annotation_before_nondefault_arg: Annotated[
        int, Field(1)
    ],
    unannotated,
    my_model_a: SomeInputModelA,
    my_model_a_forward_ref: "SomeInputModelA",
    my_model_b: SomeInputModelB,
    an_int_annotated_with_field_default: Annotated[
        int,
        Field(1, description="An int with a field"),
    ],
    unannotated_with_default=5,
    my_model_a_with_default: SomeInputModelA = SomeInputModelA(),  # noqa: B008
    an_int_with_default: int = 1,
    must_be_none_with_default: None = None,
    an_int_with_equals_field: int = Field(1, ge=0),
    int_annotated_with_default: Annotated[int, Field(description="hey")] = 5,
) -> str:
    _ = (
        an_int,
        must_be_none,
        must_be_none_dumb_annotation,
        list_of_ints,
        list_str_or_str,
        an_int_annotated_with_field,
        an_int_annotated_with_field_and_others,
        an_int_annotated_with_junk,
        field_with_default_via_field_annotation_before_nondefault_arg,
        unannotated,
        an_int_annotated_with_field_default,
        unannotated_with_default,
        my_model_a,
        my_model_a_forward_ref,
        my_model_b,
        my_model_a_with_default,
        an_int_with_default,
        must_be_none_with_default,
        an_int_with_equals_field,
        int_annotated_with_default,
    )
    return "ok!"


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_complex_function_runtime_arg_validation_non_json():
    """Test that basic non-JSON arguments are validated correctly"""
    meta = func_metadata(complex_arguments_fn)

    # Test with minimum required arguments
    result = await meta.call_fn_with_arg_validation(
        complex_arguments_fn,
        fn_is_async=False,
        arguments_to_validate={
            "an_int": 1,
            "must_be_none": None,
            "must_be_none_dumb_annotation": None,
            "list_of_ints": [1, 2, 3],
            "list_str_or_str": "hello",
            "an_int_annotated_with_field": 42,
            "an_int_annotated_with_field_and_others": 5,
            "an_int_annotated_with_junk": 100,
            "unannotated": "test",
            "my_model_a": {},
            "my_model_a_forward_ref": {},
            "my_model_b": {"how_many_shrimp": 5, "ok": {"x": 1}, "y": None},
        },
        arguments_to_pass_directly=None,
    )
    assert result == "ok!"

    # Test with invalid types
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        await meta.call_fn_with_arg_validation(
            complex_arguments_fn,
            fn_is_async=False,
            arguments_to_validate={"an_int": "not an int"},
            arguments_to_pass_directly=None,
        )


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_complex_function_runtime_arg_validation_with_json():
    """Test that JSON string arguments are parsed and validated correctly"""
    meta = func_metadata(complex_arguments_fn)

    result = await meta.call_fn_with_arg_validation(
        complex_arguments_fn,
        fn_is_async=False,
        arguments_to_validate={
            "an_int": 1,
            "must_be_none": None,
            "must_be_none_dumb_annotation": None,
            "list_of_ints": "[1, 2, 3]",  # JSON string
            "list_str_or_str": '["a", "b", "c"]',  # JSON string
            "an_int_annotated_with_field": 42,
            "an_int_annotated_with_field_and_others": "5",  # JSON string
            "an_int_annotated_with_junk": 100,
            "unannotated": "test",
            "my_model_a": "{}",  # JSON string
            "my_model_a_forward_ref": "{}",  # JSON string
            "my_model_b": '{"how_many_shrimp": 5, "ok": {"x": 1}, "y": null}',
        },
        arguments_to_pass_directly=None,
    )
    assert result == "ok!"


def test_str_vs_list_str():
    """Test handling of string vs list[str] type annotations.

    This is tricky as '"hello"' can be parsed as a JSON string or a Python string.
    We want to make sure it's kept as a python string.
    """

    def func_with_str_types(str_or_list: str | list[str]):
        return str_or_list

    meta = func_metadata(func_with_str_types)

    # Test string input for union type
    result = meta.pre_parse_json({"str_or_list": "hello"})
    assert result["str_or_list"] == "hello"

    # Test string input that contains valid JSON for union type
    # We want to see here that the JSON-vali string is NOT parsed as JSON, but rather
    # kept as a raw string
    result = meta.pre_parse_json({"str_or_list": '"hello"'})
    assert result["str_or_list"] == '"hello"'

    # Test list input for union type
    result = meta.pre_parse_json({"str_or_list": '["hello", "world"]'})
    assert result["str_or_list"] == ["hello", "world"]


def test_skip_names():
    """Test that skipped parameters are not included in the model"""

    def func_with_many_params(
        keep_this: int, skip_this: str, also_keep: float, also_skip: bool
    ):
        return keep_this, skip_this, also_keep, also_skip

    # Skip some parameters
    meta = func_metadata(func_with_many_params, skip_names=["skip_this", "also_skip"])

    # Check model fields
    assert "keep_this" in meta.arg_model.model_fields
    assert "also_keep" in meta.arg_model.model_fields
    assert "skip_this" not in meta.arg_model.model_fields
    assert "also_skip" not in meta.arg_model.model_fields

    # Validate that we can call with only non-skipped parameters
    model: BaseModel = meta.arg_model.model_validate({"keep_this": 1, "also_keep": 2.5})  # type: ignore
    assert model.keep_this == 1  # type: ignore
    assert model.also_keep == 2.5  # type: ignore


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_lambda_function():
    """Test lambda function schema and validation"""
    fn = lambda x, y=5: x  # noqa: E731
    meta = func_metadata(lambda x, y=5: x)

    # Test schema
    assert meta.arg_model.model_json_schema() == {
        "properties": {
            "x": {"title": "x", "type": "string"},
            "y": {"default": 5, "title": "y", "type": "string"},
        },
        "required": ["x"],
        "title": "<lambda>Arguments",
        "type": "object",
    }

    async def check_call(args):
        return await meta.call_fn_with_arg_validation(
            fn,
            fn_is_async=False,
            arguments_to_validate=args,
            arguments_to_pass_directly=None,
        )

    # Basic calls
    assert await check_call({"x": "hello"}) == "hello"
    assert await check_call({"x": "hello", "y": "world"}) == "hello"
    assert await check_call({"x": '"hello"'}) == '"hello"'

    # Missing required arg
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        await check_call({"y": "world"})


def test_complex_function_json_schema():
    """Test JSON schema generation for complex function arguments.

    Note: Different versions of pydantic output slightly different
    JSON Schema formats for model fields with defaults. The format changed in 2.9.0:

    1. Before 2.9.0:
       {
         "allOf": [{"$ref": "#/$defs/Model"}],
         "default": {}
       }

    2. Since 2.9.0:
       {
         "$ref": "#/$defs/Model",
         "default": {}
       }

    Both formats are valid and functionally equivalent. This test accepts either format
    to ensure compatibility across our supported pydantic versions.

    This change in format does not affect runtime behavior since:
    1. Both schemas validate the same way
    2. The actual model classes and validation logic are unchanged
    3. func_metadata uses model_validate/model_dump, not the schema directly
    """
    meta = func_metadata(complex_arguments_fn)
    actual_schema = meta.arg_model.model_json_schema()

    # Create a copy of the actual schema to normalize
    normalized_schema = actual_schema.copy()

    # Normalize the my_model_a_with_default field to handle both pydantic formats
    if "allOf" in actual_schema["properties"]["my_model_a_with_default"]:
        normalized_schema["properties"]["my_model_a_with_default"] = {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/SomeInputModelA",
            "default": {},
        }

    assert normalized_schema == {
        "$defs": {
            "InnerModel": {
                "properties": {"x": {"title": "X", "type": "integer"}},
                "required": ["x"],
                "title": "InnerModel",
                "type": "object",
            },
            "SomeInputModelA": {
                "properties": {},
                "title": "SomeInputModelA",
                "type": "object",
            },
            "SomeInputModelB": {
                "properties": {
                    "how_many_shrimp": {
                        "description": "How many shrimp in the tank???",
                        "title": "How Many Shrimp",
                        "type": "integer",
                    },
                    "ok": {"$ref": "#/$defs/InnerModel"},
                    "y": {"title": "Y", "type": "null"},
                },
                "required": ["how_many_shrimp", "ok", "y"],
                "title": "SomeInputModelB",
                "type": "object",
            },
        },
        "properties": {
            "an_int": {"title": "An Int", "type": "integer"},
            "must_be_none": {"title": "Must Be None", "type": "null"},
            "must_be_none_dumb_annotation": {
                "title": "Must Be None Dumb Annotation",
                "type": "null",
            },
            "list_of_ints": {
                "items": {"type": "integer"},
                "title": "List Of Ints",
                "type": "array",
            },
            "list_str_or_str": {
                "anyOf": [
                    {"items": {"type": "string"}, "type": "array"},
                    {"type": "string"},
                ],
                "title": "List Str Or Str",
            },
            "an_int_annotated_with_field": {
                "description": "An int with a field",
                "title": "An Int Annotated With Field",
                "type": "integer",
            },
            "an_int_annotated_with_field_and_others": {
                "description": "An int with a field",
                "exclusiveMinimum": 1,
                "title": "An Int Annotated With Field And Others",
                "type": "integer",
            },
            "an_int_annotated_with_junk": {
                "title": "An Int Annotated With Junk",
                "type": "integer",
            },
            "field_with_default_via_field_annotation_before_nondefault_arg": {
                "default": 1,
                "title": "Field With Default Via Field Annotation Before Nondefault Arg",
                "type": "integer",
            },
            "unannotated": {"title": "unannotated", "type": "string"},
            "my_model_a": {"$ref": "#/$defs/SomeInputModelA"},
            "my_model_a_forward_ref": {"$ref": "#/$defs/SomeInputModelA"},
            "my_model_b": {"$ref": "#/$defs/SomeInputModelB"},
            "an_int_annotated_with_field_default": {
                "default": 1,
                "description": "An int with a field",
                "title": "An Int Annotated With Field Default",
                "type": "integer",
            },
            "unannotated_with_default": {
                "default": 5,
                "title": "unannotated_with_default",
                "type": "string",
            },
            "my_model_a_with_default": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/SomeInputModelA",
                "default": {},
            },
            "an_int_with_default": {
                "default": 1,
                "title": "An Int With Default",
                "type": "integer",
            },
            "must_be_none_with_default": {
                "default": None,
                "title": "Must Be None With Default",
                "type": "null",
            },
            "an_int_with_equals_field": {
                "default": 1,
                "minimum": 0,
                "title": "An Int With Equals Field",
                "type": "integer",
            },
            "int_annotated_with_default": {
                "default": 5,
                "description": "hey",
                "title": "Int Annotated With Default",
                "type": "integer",
            },
        },
        "required": [
            "an_int",
            "must_be_none",
            "must_be_none_dumb_annotation",
            "list_of_ints",
            "list_str_or_str",
            "an_int_annotated_with_field",
            "an_int_annotated_with_field_and_others",
            "an_int_annotated_with_junk",
            "unannotated",
            "my_model_a",
            "my_model_a_forward_ref",
            "my_model_b",
        ],
        "title": "complex_arguments_fnArguments",
        "type": "object",
    }


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/test_parameter_descriptions.py
================================================
"""Test that parameter descriptions are properly exposed through list_tools"""

import pytest
from pydantic import Field

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_parameter_descriptions():
    mcp = FastMCP("Test Server")

    @mcp.tool()
    def greet(
        name: str = Field(description="The name to greet"),
        title: str = Field(description="Optional title", default=""),
    ) -> str:
        """A greeting tool"""
        return f"Hello {title} {name}"

    tools = await mcp.list_tools()
    assert len(tools) == 1
    tool = tools[0]

    # Check that parameter descriptions are present in the schema
    properties = tool.inputSchema["properties"]
    assert "name" in properties
    assert properties["name"]["description"] == "The name to greet"
    assert "title" in properties
    assert properties["title"]["description"] == "Optional title"


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/test_server.py
================================================
import base64
from pathlib import Path
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Union

import pytest
from pydantic import AnyUrl

from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context, FastMCP
from mcp.server.fastmcp.prompts.base import EmbeddedResource, Message, UserMessage
from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources import FileResource, FunctionResource
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.types import Image
from mcp.shared.exceptions import McpError
from mcp.shared.memory import (
    create_connected_server_and_client_session as client_session,
)
from mcp.types import (
    BlobResourceContents,
    ImageContent,
    TextContent,
    TextResourceContents,
)

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context


class TestServer:
    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_create_server(self):
        mcp = FastMCP(instructions="Server instructions")
        assert mcp.name == "FastMCP"
        assert mcp.instructions == "Server instructions"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_non_ascii_description(self):
        """Test that FastMCP handles non-ASCII characters in descriptions correctly"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.tool(
            description=(
                "🌟 This tool uses emojis and UTF-8 characters: á é í ó ú ñ 漢字 🎉"
            )
        )
        def hello_world(name: str = "世界") -> str:
            return f"¡Hola, {name}! 👋"

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            tools = await client.list_tools()
            assert len(tools.tools) == 1
            tool = tools.tools[0]
            assert tool.description is not None
            assert "🌟" in tool.description
            assert "漢字" in tool.description
            assert "🎉" in tool.description

            result = await client.call_tool("hello_world", {})
            assert len(result.content) == 1
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert "¡Hola, 世界! 👋" == content.text

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_add_tool_decorator(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.tool()
        def add(x: int, y: int) -> int:
            return x + y

        assert len(mcp._tool_manager.list_tools()) == 1

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_add_tool_decorator_incorrect_usage(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()

        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="The @tool decorator was used incorrectly"):

            @mcp.tool  # Missing parentheses #type: ignore
            def add(x: int, y: int) -> int:
                return x + y

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_add_resource_decorator(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.resource("r://{x}")
        def get_data(x: str) -> str:
            return f"Data: {x}"

        assert len(mcp._resource_manager._templates) == 1

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_add_resource_decorator_incorrect_usage(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()

        with pytest.raises(
            TypeError, match="The @resource decorator was used incorrectly"
        ):

            @mcp.resource  # Missing parentheses #type: ignore
            def get_data(x: str) -> str:
                return f"Data: {x}"


def tool_fn(x: int, y: int) -> int:
    return x + y


def error_tool_fn() -> None:
    raise ValueError("Test error")


def image_tool_fn(path: str) -> Image:
    return Image(path)


def mixed_content_tool_fn() -> list[Union[TextContent, ImageContent]]:
    return [
        TextContent(type="text", text="Hello"),
        ImageContent(type="image", data="abc", mimeType="image/png"),
    ]


class TestServerTools:
    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_add_tool(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(tool_fn)
        mcp.add_tool(tool_fn)
        assert len(mcp._tool_manager.list_tools()) == 1

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_list_tools(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(tool_fn)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            tools = await client.list_tools()
            assert len(tools.tools) == 1

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_call_tool(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(tool_fn)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("my_tool", {"arg1": "value"})
            assert not hasattr(result, "error")
            assert len(result.content) > 0

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_tool_exception_handling(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(error_tool_fn)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("error_tool_fn", {})
            assert len(result.content) == 1
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert "Test error" in content.text
            assert result.isError is True

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_tool_error_handling(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(error_tool_fn)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("error_tool_fn", {})
            assert len(result.content) == 1
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert "Test error" in content.text
            assert result.isError is True

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_tool_error_details(self):
        """Test that exception details are properly formatted in the response"""
        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(error_tool_fn)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("error_tool_fn", {})
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert isinstance(content.text, str)
            assert "Test error" in content.text
            assert result.isError is True

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_tool_return_value_conversion(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(tool_fn)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("tool_fn", {"x": 1, "y": 2})
            assert len(result.content) == 1
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert content.text == "3"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_tool_image_helper(self, tmp_path: Path):
        # Create a test image
        image_path = tmp_path / "test.png"
        image_path.write_bytes(b"fake png data")

        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(image_tool_fn)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("image_tool_fn", {"path": str(image_path)})
            assert len(result.content) == 1
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, ImageContent)
            assert content.type == "image"
            assert content.mimeType == "image/png"
            # Verify base64 encoding
            decoded = base64.b64decode(content.data)
            assert decoded == b"fake png data"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_tool_mixed_content(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(mixed_content_tool_fn)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("mixed_content_tool_fn", {})
            assert len(result.content) == 2
            content1 = result.content[0]
            content2 = result.content[1]
            assert isinstance(content1, TextContent)
            assert content1.text == "Hello"
            assert isinstance(content2, ImageContent)
            assert content2.mimeType == "image/png"
            assert content2.data == "abc"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_tool_mixed_list_with_image(self, tmp_path: Path):
        """Test that lists containing Image objects and other types are handled
        correctly"""
        # Create a test image
        image_path = tmp_path / "test.png"
        image_path.write_bytes(b"test image data")

        def mixed_list_fn() -> list:
            return [
                "text message",
                Image(image_path),
                {"key": "value"},
                TextContent(type="text", text="direct content"),
            ]

        mcp = FastMCP()
        mcp.add_tool(mixed_list_fn)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("mixed_list_fn", {})
            assert len(result.content) == 4
            # Check text conversion
            content1 = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content1, TextContent)
            assert content1.text == "text message"
            # Check image conversion
            content2 = result.content[1]
            assert isinstance(content2, ImageContent)
            assert content2.mimeType == "image/png"
            assert base64.b64decode(content2.data) == b"test image data"
            # Check dict conversion
            content3 = result.content[2]
            assert isinstance(content3, TextContent)
            assert '"key": "value"' in content3.text
            # Check direct TextContent
            content4 = result.content[3]
            assert isinstance(content4, TextContent)
            assert content4.text == "direct content"


class TestServerResources:
    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_text_resource(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()

        def get_text():
            return "Hello, world!"

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("resource://test"), name="test", fn=get_text
        )
        mcp.add_resource(resource)

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("resource://test"))
            assert isinstance(result.contents[0], TextResourceContents)
            assert result.contents[0].text == "Hello, world!"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_binary_resource(self):
        mcp = FastMCP()

        def get_binary():
            return b"Binary data"

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("resource://binary"),
            name="binary",
            fn=get_binary,
            mime_type="application/octet-stream",
        )
        mcp.add_resource(resource)

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("resource://binary"))
            assert isinstance(result.contents[0], BlobResourceContents)
            assert result.contents[0].blob == base64.b64encode(b"Binary data").decode()

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_file_resource_text(self, tmp_path: Path):
        mcp = FastMCP()

        # Create a text file
        text_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
        text_file.write_text("Hello from file!")

        resource = FileResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("file://test.txt"), name="test.txt", path=text_file
        )
        mcp.add_resource(resource)

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("file://test.txt"))
            assert isinstance(result.contents[0], TextResourceContents)
            assert result.contents[0].text == "Hello from file!"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_file_resource_binary(self, tmp_path: Path):
        mcp = FastMCP()

        # Create a binary file
        binary_file = tmp_path / "test.bin"
        binary_file.write_bytes(b"Binary file data")

        resource = FileResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("file://test.bin"),
            name="test.bin",
            path=binary_file,
            mime_type="application/octet-stream",
        )
        mcp.add_resource(resource)

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("file://test.bin"))
            assert isinstance(result.contents[0], BlobResourceContents)
            assert (
                result.contents[0].blob
                == base64.b64encode(b"Binary file data").decode()
            )


class TestServerResourceTemplates:
    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_resource_with_params(self):
        """Test that a resource with function parameters raises an error if the URI
        parameters don't match"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Mismatch between URI parameters"):

            @mcp.resource("resource://data")
            def get_data_fn(param: str) -> str:
                return f"Data: {param}"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_resource_with_uri_params(self):
        """Test that a resource with URI parameters is automatically a template"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Mismatch between URI parameters"):

            @mcp.resource("resource://{param}")
            def get_data() -> str:
                return "Data"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_resource_with_untyped_params(self):
        """Test that a resource with untyped parameters raises an error"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.resource("resource://{param}")
        def get_data(param) -> str:
            return "Data"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_resource_matching_params(self):
        """Test that a resource with matching URI and function parameters works"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.resource("resource://{name}/data")
        def get_data(name: str) -> str:
            return f"Data for {name}"

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("resource://test/data"))
            assert isinstance(result.contents[0], TextResourceContents)
            assert result.contents[0].text == "Data for test"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_resource_mismatched_params(self):
        """Test that mismatched parameters raise an error"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Mismatch between URI parameters"):

            @mcp.resource("resource://{name}/data")
            def get_data(user: str) -> str:
                return f"Data for {user}"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_resource_multiple_params(self):
        """Test that multiple parameters work correctly"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.resource("resource://{org}/{repo}/data")
        def get_data(org: str, repo: str) -> str:
            return f"Data for {org}/{repo}"

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.read_resource(
                AnyUrl("resource://cursor/fastmcp/data")
            )
            assert isinstance(result.contents[0], TextResourceContents)
            assert result.contents[0].text == "Data for cursor/fastmcp"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_resource_multiple_mismatched_params(self):
        """Test that mismatched parameters raise an error"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Mismatch between URI parameters"):

            @mcp.resource("resource://{org}/{repo}/data")
            def get_data_mismatched(org: str, repo_2: str) -> str:
                return f"Data for {org}"

        """Test that a resource with no parameters works as a regular resource"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.resource("resource://static")
        def get_static_data() -> str:
            return "Static data"

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.read_resource(AnyUrl("resource://static"))
            assert isinstance(result.contents[0], TextResourceContents)
            assert result.contents[0].text == "Static data"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_template_to_resource_conversion(self):
        """Test that templates are properly converted to resources when accessed"""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.resource("resource://{name}/data")
        def get_data(name: str) -> str:
            return f"Data for {name}"

        # Should be registered as a template
        assert len(mcp._resource_manager._templates) == 1
        assert len(await mcp.list_resources()) == 0

        # When accessed, should create a concrete resource
        resource = await mcp._resource_manager.get_resource("resource://test/data")
        assert isinstance(resource, FunctionResource)
        result = await resource.read()
        assert result == "Data for test"


class TestContextInjection:
    """Test context injection in tools."""

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_context_detection(self):
        """Test that context parameters are properly detected."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        def tool_with_context(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
            return f"Request {ctx.request_id}: {x}"

        tool = mcp._tool_manager.add_tool(tool_with_context)
        assert tool.context_kwarg == "ctx"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_context_injection(self):
        """Test that context is properly injected into tool calls."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        def tool_with_context(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
            assert ctx.request_id is not None
            return f"Request {ctx.request_id}: {x}"

        mcp.add_tool(tool_with_context)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("tool_with_context", {"x": 42})
            assert len(result.content) == 1
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert "Request" in content.text
            assert "42" in content.text

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_async_context(self):
        """Test that context works in async functions."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        async def async_tool(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
            assert ctx.request_id is not None
            return f"Async request {ctx.request_id}: {x}"

        mcp.add_tool(async_tool)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("async_tool", {"x": 42})
            assert len(result.content) == 1
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert "Async request" in content.text
            assert "42" in content.text

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_context_logging(self):
        from unittest.mock import patch

        import mcp.server.session

        """Test that context logging methods work."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        async def logging_tool(msg: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
            await ctx.debug("Debug message")
            await ctx.info("Info message")
            await ctx.warning("Warning message")
            await ctx.error("Error message")
            return f"Logged messages for {msg}"

        mcp.add_tool(logging_tool)

        with patch("mcp.server.session.ServerSession.send_log_message") as mock_log:
            async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
                result = await client.call_tool("logging_tool", {"msg": "test"})
                assert len(result.content) == 1
                content = result.content[0]
                assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
                assert "Logged messages for test" in content.text

                assert mock_log.call_count == 4
                mock_log.assert_any_call(
                    level="debug", data="Debug message", logger=None
                )
                mock_log.assert_any_call(level="info", data="Info message", logger=None)
                mock_log.assert_any_call(
                    level="warning", data="Warning message", logger=None
                )
                mock_log.assert_any_call(
                    level="error", data="Error message", logger=None
                )

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_optional_context(self):
        """Test that context is optional."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        def no_context(x: int) -> int:
            return x * 2

        mcp.add_tool(no_context)
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("no_context", {"x": 21})
            assert len(result.content) == 1
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert content.text == "42"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_context_resource_access(self):
        """Test that context can access resources."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.resource("test://data")
        def test_resource() -> str:
            return "resource data"

        @mcp.tool()
        async def tool_with_resource(ctx: Context) -> str:
            r = await ctx.read_resource("test://data")
            return f"Read resource: {r.content} with mime type {r.mime_type}"

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.call_tool("tool_with_resource", {})
            assert len(result.content) == 1
            content = result.content[0]
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert "Read resource: resource data" in content.text


class TestServerPrompts:
    """Test prompt functionality in FastMCP server."""

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_prompt_decorator(self):
        """Test that the prompt decorator registers prompts correctly."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.prompt()
        def fn() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        prompts = mcp._prompt_manager.list_prompts()
        assert len(prompts) == 1
        assert prompts[0].name == "fn"
        # Don't compare functions directly since validate_call wraps them
        content = await prompts[0].render()
        assert isinstance(content[0].content, TextContent)
        assert content[0].content.text == "Hello, world!"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_prompt_decorator_with_name(self):
        """Test prompt decorator with custom name."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.prompt(name="custom_name")
        def fn() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        prompts = mcp._prompt_manager.list_prompts()
        assert len(prompts) == 1
        assert prompts[0].name == "custom_name"
        content = await prompts[0].render()
        assert isinstance(content[0].content, TextContent)
        assert content[0].content.text == "Hello, world!"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_prompt_decorator_with_description(self):
        """Test prompt decorator with custom description."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.prompt(description="A custom description")
        def fn() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        prompts = mcp._prompt_manager.list_prompts()
        assert len(prompts) == 1
        assert prompts[0].description == "A custom description"
        content = await prompts[0].render()
        assert isinstance(content[0].content, TextContent)
        assert content[0].content.text == "Hello, world!"

    def test_prompt_decorator_error(self):
        """Test error when decorator is used incorrectly."""
        mcp = FastMCP()
        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="decorator was used incorrectly"):

            @mcp.prompt  # type: ignore
            def fn() -> str:
                return "Hello, world!"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_list_prompts(self):
        """Test listing prompts through MCP protocol."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.prompt()
        def fn(name: str, optional: str = "default") -> str:
            return f"Hello, {name}!"

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.list_prompts()
            assert result.prompts is not None
            assert len(result.prompts) == 1
            prompt = result.prompts[0]
            assert prompt.name == "fn"
            assert prompt.arguments is not None
            assert len(prompt.arguments) == 2
            assert prompt.arguments[0].name == "name"
            assert prompt.arguments[0].required is True
            assert prompt.arguments[1].name == "optional"
            assert prompt.arguments[1].required is False

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_get_prompt(self):
        """Test getting a prompt through MCP protocol."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.prompt()
        def fn(name: str) -> str:
            return f"Hello, {name}!"

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.get_prompt("fn", {"name": "World"})
            assert len(result.messages) == 1
            message = result.messages[0]
            assert message.role == "user"
            content = message.content
            assert isinstance(content, TextContent)
            assert content.text == "Hello, World!"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_get_prompt_with_resource(self):
        """Test getting a prompt that returns resource content."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.prompt()
        def fn() -> Message:
            return UserMessage(
                content=EmbeddedResource(
                    type="resource",
                    resource=TextResourceContents(
                        uri=AnyUrl("file://file.txt"),
                        text="File contents",
                        mimeType="text/plain",
                    ),
                )
            )

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            result = await client.get_prompt("fn")
            assert len(result.messages) == 1
            message = result.messages[0]
            assert message.role == "user"
            content = message.content
            assert isinstance(content, EmbeddedResource)
            resource = content.resource
            assert isinstance(resource, TextResourceContents)
            assert resource.text == "File contents"
            assert resource.mimeType == "text/plain"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_get_unknown_prompt(self):
        """Test error when getting unknown prompt."""
        mcp = FastMCP()
        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            with pytest.raises(McpError, match="Unknown prompt"):
                await client.get_prompt("unknown")

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_get_prompt_missing_args(self):
        """Test error when required arguments are missing."""
        mcp = FastMCP()

        @mcp.prompt()
        def prompt_fn(name: str) -> str:
            return f"Hello, {name}!"

        async with client_session(mcp._mcp_server) as client:
            with pytest.raises(McpError, match="Missing required arguments"):
                await client.get_prompt("prompt_fn")


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/test_tool_manager.py
================================================
import json
import logging
from typing import Optional

import pytest
from pydantic import BaseModel

from mcp.server.fastmcp.exceptions import ToolError
from mcp.server.fastmcp.tools import ToolManager


class TestAddTools:
    def test_basic_function(self):
        """Test registering and running a basic function."""

        def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
            """Add two numbers."""
            return a + b

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(add)

        tool = manager.get_tool("add")
        assert tool is not None
        assert tool.name == "add"
        assert tool.description == "Add two numbers."
        assert tool.is_async is False
        assert tool.parameters["properties"]["a"]["type"] == "integer"
        assert tool.parameters["properties"]["b"]["type"] == "integer"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_async_function(self):
        """Test registering and running an async function."""

        async def fetch_data(url: str) -> str:
            """Fetch data from URL."""
            return f"Data from {url}"

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(fetch_data)

        tool = manager.get_tool("fetch_data")
        assert tool is not None
        assert tool.name == "fetch_data"
        assert tool.description == "Fetch data from URL."
        assert tool.is_async is True
        assert tool.parameters["properties"]["url"]["type"] == "string"

    def test_pydantic_model_function(self):
        """Test registering a function that takes a Pydantic model."""

        class UserInput(BaseModel):
            name: str
            age: int

        def create_user(user: UserInput, flag: bool) -> dict:
            """Create a new user."""
            return {"id": 1, **user.model_dump()}

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(create_user)

        tool = manager.get_tool("create_user")
        assert tool is not None
        assert tool.name == "create_user"
        assert tool.description == "Create a new user."
        assert tool.is_async is False
        assert "name" in tool.parameters["$defs"]["UserInput"]["properties"]
        assert "age" in tool.parameters["$defs"]["UserInput"]["properties"]
        assert "flag" in tool.parameters["properties"]

    def test_add_invalid_tool(self):
        manager = ToolManager()
        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
            manager.add_tool(1)  # type: ignore

    def test_add_lambda(self):
        manager = ToolManager()
        tool = manager.add_tool(lambda x: x, name="my_tool")
        assert tool.name == "my_tool"

    def test_add_lambda_with_no_name(self):
        manager = ToolManager()
        with pytest.raises(
            ValueError, match="You must provide a name for lambda functions"
        ):
            manager.add_tool(lambda x: x)

    def test_warn_on_duplicate_tools(self, caplog):
        """Test warning on duplicate tools."""

        def f(x: int) -> int:
            return x

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(f)
        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
            manager.add_tool(f)
            assert "Tool already exists: f" in caplog.text

    def test_disable_warn_on_duplicate_tools(self, caplog):
        """Test disabling warning on duplicate tools."""

        def f(x: int) -> int:
            return x

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(f)
        manager.warn_on_duplicate_tools = False
        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
            manager.add_tool(f)
            assert "Tool already exists: f" not in caplog.text


class TestCallTools:
    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_call_tool(self):
        def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
            """Add two numbers."""
            return a + b

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(add)
        result = await manager.call_tool("add", {"a": 1, "b": 2})
        assert result == 3

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_call_async_tool(self):
        async def double(n: int) -> int:
            """Double a number."""
            return n * 2

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(double)
        result = await manager.call_tool("double", {"n": 5})
        assert result == 10

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_call_tool_with_default_args(self):
        def add(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int:
            """Add two numbers."""
            return a + b

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(add)
        result = await manager.call_tool("add", {"a": 1})
        assert result == 2

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_call_tool_with_missing_args(self):
        def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
            """Add two numbers."""
            return a + b

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(add)
        with pytest.raises(ToolError):
            await manager.call_tool("add", {"a": 1})

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_call_unknown_tool(self):
        manager = ToolManager()
        with pytest.raises(ToolError):
            await manager.call_tool("unknown", {"a": 1})

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_call_tool_with_list_int_input(self):
        def sum_vals(vals: list[int]) -> int:
            return sum(vals)

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(sum_vals)
        # Try both with plain list and with JSON list
        result = await manager.call_tool("sum_vals", {"vals": "[1, 2, 3]"})
        assert result == 6
        result = await manager.call_tool("sum_vals", {"vals": [1, 2, 3]})
        assert result == 6

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_call_tool_with_list_str_or_str_input(self):
        def concat_strs(vals: list[str] | str) -> str:
            return vals if isinstance(vals, str) else "".join(vals)

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(concat_strs)
        # Try both with plain python object and with JSON list
        result = await manager.call_tool("concat_strs", {"vals": ["a", "b", "c"]})
        assert result == "abc"
        result = await manager.call_tool("concat_strs", {"vals": '["a", "b", "c"]'})
        assert result == "abc"
        result = await manager.call_tool("concat_strs", {"vals": "a"})
        assert result == "a"
        result = await manager.call_tool("concat_strs", {"vals": '"a"'})
        assert result == '"a"'

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_call_tool_with_complex_model(self):
        from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context

        class MyShrimpTank(BaseModel):
            class Shrimp(BaseModel):
                name: str

            shrimp: list[Shrimp]
            x: None

        def name_shrimp(tank: MyShrimpTank, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
            return [x.name for x in tank.shrimp]

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(name_shrimp)
        result = await manager.call_tool(
            "name_shrimp",
            {"tank": {"x": None, "shrimp": [{"name": "rex"}, {"name": "gertrude"}]}},
        )
        assert result == ["rex", "gertrude"]
        result = await manager.call_tool(
            "name_shrimp",
            {"tank": '{"x": null, "shrimp": [{"name": "rex"}, {"name": "gertrude"}]}'},
        )
        assert result == ["rex", "gertrude"]


class TestToolSchema:
    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_context_arg_excluded_from_schema(self):
        from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context

        def something(a: int, ctx: Context) -> int:
            return a

        manager = ToolManager()
        tool = manager.add_tool(something)
        assert "ctx" not in json.dumps(tool.parameters)
        assert "Context" not in json.dumps(tool.parameters)
        assert "ctx" not in tool.fn_metadata.arg_model.model_fields


class TestContextHandling:
    """Test context handling in the tool manager."""

    def test_context_parameter_detection(self):
        """Test that context parameters are properly detected in
        Tool.from_function()."""
        from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context

        def tool_with_context(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
            return str(x)

        manager = ToolManager()
        tool = manager.add_tool(tool_with_context)
        assert tool.context_kwarg == "ctx"

        def tool_without_context(x: int) -> str:
            return str(x)

        tool = manager.add_tool(tool_without_context)
        assert tool.context_kwarg is None

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_context_injection(self):
        """Test that context is properly injected during tool execution."""
        from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context, FastMCP

        def tool_with_context(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
            assert isinstance(ctx, Context)
            return str(x)

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(tool_with_context)

        mcp = FastMCP()
        ctx = mcp.get_context()
        result = await manager.call_tool("tool_with_context", {"x": 42}, context=ctx)
        assert result == "42"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_context_injection_async(self):
        """Test that context is properly injected in async tools."""
        from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context, FastMCP

        async def async_tool(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
            assert isinstance(ctx, Context)
            return str(x)

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(async_tool)

        mcp = FastMCP()
        ctx = mcp.get_context()
        result = await manager.call_tool("async_tool", {"x": 42}, context=ctx)
        assert result == "42"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_context_optional(self):
        """Test that context is optional when calling tools."""
        from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context

        def tool_with_context(x: int, ctx: Optional[Context] = None) -> str:
            return str(x)

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(tool_with_context)
        # Should not raise an error when context is not provided
        result = await manager.call_tool("tool_with_context", {"x": 42})
        assert result == "42"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_context_error_handling(self):
        """Test error handling when context injection fails."""
        from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context, FastMCP

        def tool_with_context(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
            raise ValueError("Test error")

        manager = ToolManager()
        manager.add_tool(tool_with_context)

        mcp = FastMCP()
        ctx = mcp.get_context()
        with pytest.raises(ToolError, match="Error executing tool tool_with_context"):
            await manager.call_tool("tool_with_context", {"x": 42}, context=ctx)


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/prompts/test_base.py
================================================
import pytest
from pydantic import FileUrl

from mcp.server.fastmcp.prompts.base import (
    AssistantMessage,
    Message,
    Prompt,
    TextContent,
    UserMessage,
)
from mcp.types import EmbeddedResource, TextResourceContents


class TestRenderPrompt:
    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_basic_fn(self):
        def fn() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render() == [
            UserMessage(content=TextContent(type="text", text="Hello, world!"))
        ]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_async_fn(self):
        async def fn() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render() == [
            UserMessage(content=TextContent(type="text", text="Hello, world!"))
        ]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_fn_with_args(self):
        async def fn(name: str, age: int = 30) -> str:
            return f"Hello, {name}! You're {age} years old."

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render(arguments=dict(name="World")) == [
            UserMessage(
                content=TextContent(
                    type="text", text="Hello, World! You're 30 years old."
                )
            )
        ]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_fn_with_invalid_kwargs(self):
        async def fn(name: str, age: int = 30) -> str:
            return f"Hello, {name}! You're {age} years old."

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            await prompt.render(arguments=dict(age=40))

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_fn_returns_message(self):
        async def fn() -> UserMessage:
            return UserMessage(content="Hello, world!")

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render() == [
            UserMessage(content=TextContent(type="text", text="Hello, world!"))
        ]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_fn_returns_assistant_message(self):
        async def fn() -> AssistantMessage:
            return AssistantMessage(
                content=TextContent(type="text", text="Hello, world!")
            )

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render() == [
            AssistantMessage(content=TextContent(type="text", text="Hello, world!"))
        ]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_fn_returns_multiple_messages(self):
        expected = [
            UserMessage("Hello, world!"),
            AssistantMessage("How can I help you today?"),
            UserMessage("I'm looking for a restaurant in the center of town."),
        ]

        async def fn() -> list[Message]:
            return expected

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render() == expected

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_fn_returns_list_of_strings(self):
        expected = [
            "Hello, world!",
            "I'm looking for a restaurant in the center of town.",
        ]

        async def fn() -> list[str]:
            return expected

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render() == [UserMessage(t) for t in expected]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_fn_returns_resource_content(self):
        """Test returning a message with resource content."""

        async def fn() -> UserMessage:
            return UserMessage(
                content=EmbeddedResource(
                    type="resource",
                    resource=TextResourceContents(
                        uri=FileUrl("file://file.txt"),
                        text="File contents",
                        mimeType="text/plain",
                    ),
                )
            )

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render() == [
            UserMessage(
                content=EmbeddedResource(
                    type="resource",
                    resource=TextResourceContents(
                        uri=FileUrl("file://file.txt"),
                        text="File contents",
                        mimeType="text/plain",
                    ),
                )
            )
        ]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_fn_returns_mixed_content(self):
        """Test returning messages with mixed content types."""

        async def fn() -> list[Message]:
            return [
                UserMessage(content="Please analyze this file:"),
                UserMessage(
                    content=EmbeddedResource(
                        type="resource",
                        resource=TextResourceContents(
                            uri=FileUrl("file://file.txt"),
                            text="File contents",
                            mimeType="text/plain",
                        ),
                    )
                ),
                AssistantMessage(content="I'll help analyze that file."),
            ]

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render() == [
            UserMessage(
                content=TextContent(type="text", text="Please analyze this file:")
            ),
            UserMessage(
                content=EmbeddedResource(
                    type="resource",
                    resource=TextResourceContents(
                        uri=FileUrl("file://file.txt"),
                        text="File contents",
                        mimeType="text/plain",
                    ),
                )
            ),
            AssistantMessage(
                content=TextContent(type="text", text="I'll help analyze that file.")
            ),
        ]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_fn_returns_dict_with_resource(self):
        """Test returning a dict with resource content."""

        async def fn() -> dict:
            return {
                "role": "user",
                "content": {
                    "type": "resource",
                    "resource": {
                        "uri": FileUrl("file://file.txt"),
                        "text": "File contents",
                        "mimeType": "text/plain",
                    },
                },
            }

        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        assert await prompt.render() == [
            UserMessage(
                content=EmbeddedResource(
                    type="resource",
                    resource=TextResourceContents(
                        uri=FileUrl("file://file.txt"),
                        text="File contents",
                        mimeType="text/plain",
                    ),
                )
            )
        ]


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/prompts/test_manager.py
================================================
import pytest

from mcp.server.fastmcp.prompts.base import Prompt, TextContent, UserMessage
from mcp.server.fastmcp.prompts.manager import PromptManager


class TestPromptManager:
    def test_add_prompt(self):
        """Test adding a prompt to the manager."""

        def fn() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        manager = PromptManager()
        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        added = manager.add_prompt(prompt)
        assert added == prompt
        assert manager.get_prompt("fn") == prompt

    def test_add_duplicate_prompt(self, caplog):
        """Test adding the same prompt twice."""

        def fn() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        manager = PromptManager()
        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        first = manager.add_prompt(prompt)
        second = manager.add_prompt(prompt)
        assert first == second
        assert "Prompt already exists" in caplog.text

    def test_disable_warn_on_duplicate_prompts(self, caplog):
        """Test disabling warning on duplicate prompts."""

        def fn() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        manager = PromptManager(warn_on_duplicate_prompts=False)
        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        first = manager.add_prompt(prompt)
        second = manager.add_prompt(prompt)
        assert first == second
        assert "Prompt already exists" not in caplog.text

    def test_list_prompts(self):
        """Test listing all prompts."""

        def fn1() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        def fn2() -> str:
            return "Goodbye, world!"

        manager = PromptManager()
        prompt1 = Prompt.from_function(fn1)
        prompt2 = Prompt.from_function(fn2)
        manager.add_prompt(prompt1)
        manager.add_prompt(prompt2)
        prompts = manager.list_prompts()
        assert len(prompts) == 2
        assert prompts == [prompt1, prompt2]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_render_prompt(self):
        """Test rendering a prompt."""

        def fn() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        manager = PromptManager()
        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        manager.add_prompt(prompt)
        messages = await manager.render_prompt("fn")
        assert messages == [
            UserMessage(content=TextContent(type="text", text="Hello, world!"))
        ]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_render_prompt_with_args(self):
        """Test rendering a prompt with arguments."""

        def fn(name: str) -> str:
            return f"Hello, {name}!"

        manager = PromptManager()
        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        manager.add_prompt(prompt)
        messages = await manager.render_prompt("fn", arguments={"name": "World"})
        assert messages == [
            UserMessage(content=TextContent(type="text", text="Hello, World!"))
        ]

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_render_unknown_prompt(self):
        """Test rendering a non-existent prompt."""
        manager = PromptManager()
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unknown prompt: unknown"):
            await manager.render_prompt("unknown")

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_render_prompt_with_missing_args(self):
        """Test rendering a prompt with missing required arguments."""

        def fn(name: str) -> str:
            return f"Hello, {name}!"

        manager = PromptManager()
        prompt = Prompt.from_function(fn)
        manager.add_prompt(prompt)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Missing required arguments"):
            await manager.render_prompt("fn")


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/resources/test_file_resources.py
================================================
import os
from pathlib import Path
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile

import pytest
from pydantic import FileUrl

from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources import FileResource


@pytest.fixture
def temp_file():
    """Create a temporary file for testing.

    File is automatically cleaned up after the test if it still exists.
    """
    content = "test content"
    with NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as f:
        f.write(content)
        path = Path(f.name).resolve()
    yield path
    try:
        path.unlink()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass  # File was already deleted by the test


class TestFileResource:
    """Test FileResource functionality."""

    def test_file_resource_creation(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test creating a FileResource."""
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(temp_file.as_uri()),
            name="test",
            description="test file",
            path=temp_file,
        )
        assert str(resource.uri) == temp_file.as_uri()
        assert resource.name == "test"
        assert resource.description == "test file"
        assert resource.mime_type == "text/plain"  # default
        assert resource.path == temp_file
        assert resource.is_binary is False  # default

    def test_file_resource_str_path_conversion(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test FileResource handles string paths."""
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}"),
            name="test",
            path=Path(str(temp_file)),
        )
        assert isinstance(resource.path, Path)
        assert resource.path.is_absolute()

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_read_text_file(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test reading a text file."""
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}"),
            name="test",
            path=temp_file,
        )
        content = await resource.read()
        assert content == "test content"
        assert resource.mime_type == "text/plain"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_read_binary_file(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test reading a file as binary."""
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}"),
            name="test",
            path=temp_file,
            is_binary=True,
        )
        content = await resource.read()
        assert isinstance(content, bytes)
        assert content == b"test content"

    def test_relative_path_error(self):
        """Test error on relative path."""
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Path must be absolute"):
            FileResource(
                uri=FileUrl("file:///test.txt"),
                name="test",
                path=Path("test.txt"),
            )

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_missing_file_error(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test error when file doesn't exist."""
        # Create path to non-existent file
        missing = temp_file.parent / "missing.txt"
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl("file:///missing.txt"),
            name="test",
            path=missing,
        )
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Error reading file"):
            await resource.read()

    @pytest.mark.skipif(
        os.name == "nt", reason="File permissions behave differently on Windows"
    )
    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_permission_error(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test reading a file without permissions."""
        temp_file.chmod(0o000)  # Remove all permissions
        try:
            resource = FileResource(
                uri=FileUrl(temp_file.as_uri()),
                name="test",
                path=temp_file,
            )
            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Error reading file"):
                await resource.read()
        finally:
            temp_file.chmod(0o644)  # Restore permissions


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/resources/test_function_resources.py
================================================
import pytest
from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel

from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources import FunctionResource


class TestFunctionResource:
    """Test FunctionResource functionality."""

    def test_function_resource_creation(self):
        """Test creating a FunctionResource."""

        def my_func() -> str:
            return "test content"

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("fn://test"),
            name="test",
            description="test function",
            fn=my_func,
        )
        assert str(resource.uri) == "fn://test"
        assert resource.name == "test"
        assert resource.description == "test function"
        assert resource.mime_type == "text/plain"  # default
        assert resource.fn == my_func

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_read_text(self):
        """Test reading text from a FunctionResource."""

        def get_data() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("function://test"),
            name="test",
            fn=get_data,
        )
        content = await resource.read()
        assert content == "Hello, world!"
        assert resource.mime_type == "text/plain"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_read_binary(self):
        """Test reading binary data from a FunctionResource."""

        def get_data() -> bytes:
            return b"Hello, world!"

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("function://test"),
            name="test",
            fn=get_data,
        )
        content = await resource.read()
        assert content == b"Hello, world!"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_json_conversion(self):
        """Test automatic JSON conversion of non-string results."""

        def get_data() -> dict:
            return {"key": "value"}

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("function://test"),
            name="test",
            fn=get_data,
        )
        content = await resource.read()
        assert isinstance(content, str)
        assert '"key": "value"' in content

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_error_handling(self):
        """Test error handling in FunctionResource."""

        def failing_func() -> str:
            raise ValueError("Test error")

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("function://test"),
            name="test",
            fn=failing_func,
        )
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Error reading resource function://test"):
            await resource.read()

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_basemodel_conversion(self):
        """Test handling of BaseModel types."""

        class MyModel(BaseModel):
            name: str

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("function://test"),
            name="test",
            fn=lambda: MyModel(name="test"),
        )
        content = await resource.read()
        assert content == '{"name": "test"}'

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_custom_type_conversion(self):
        """Test handling of custom types."""

        class CustomData:
            def __str__(self) -> str:
                return "custom data"

        def get_data() -> CustomData:
            return CustomData()

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("function://test"),
            name="test",
            fn=get_data,
        )
        content = await resource.read()
        assert isinstance(content, str)

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_async_read_text(self):
        """Test reading text from async FunctionResource."""

        async def get_data() -> str:
            return "Hello, world!"

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("function://test"),
            name="test",
            fn=get_data,
        )
        content = await resource.read()
        assert content == "Hello, world!"
        assert resource.mime_type == "text/plain"


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/resources/test_resource_manager.py
================================================
from pathlib import Path
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile

import pytest
from pydantic import AnyUrl, FileUrl

from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources import (
    FileResource,
    FunctionResource,
    ResourceManager,
    ResourceTemplate,
)


@pytest.fixture
def temp_file():
    """Create a temporary file for testing.

    File is automatically cleaned up after the test if it still exists.
    """
    content = "test content"
    with NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as f:
        f.write(content)
        path = Path(f.name).resolve()
    yield path
    try:
        path.unlink()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass  # File was already deleted by the test


class TestResourceManager:
    """Test ResourceManager functionality."""

    def test_add_resource(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test adding a resource."""
        manager = ResourceManager()
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}"),
            name="test",
            path=temp_file,
        )
        added = manager.add_resource(resource)
        assert added == resource
        assert manager.list_resources() == [resource]

    def test_add_duplicate_resource(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test adding the same resource twice."""
        manager = ResourceManager()
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}"),
            name="test",
            path=temp_file,
        )
        first = manager.add_resource(resource)
        second = manager.add_resource(resource)
        assert first == second
        assert manager.list_resources() == [resource]

    def test_warn_on_duplicate_resources(self, temp_file: Path, caplog):
        """Test warning on duplicate resources."""
        manager = ResourceManager()
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}"),
            name="test",
            path=temp_file,
        )
        manager.add_resource(resource)
        manager.add_resource(resource)
        assert "Resource already exists" in caplog.text

    def test_disable_warn_on_duplicate_resources(self, temp_file: Path, caplog):
        """Test disabling warning on duplicate resources."""
        manager = ResourceManager(warn_on_duplicate_resources=False)
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}"),
            name="test",
            path=temp_file,
        )
        manager.add_resource(resource)
        manager.add_resource(resource)
        assert "Resource already exists" not in caplog.text

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_get_resource(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test getting a resource by URI."""
        manager = ResourceManager()
        resource = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}"),
            name="test",
            path=temp_file,
        )
        manager.add_resource(resource)
        retrieved = await manager.get_resource(resource.uri)
        assert retrieved == resource

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_get_resource_from_template(self):
        """Test getting a resource through a template."""
        manager = ResourceManager()

        def greet(name: str) -> str:
            return f"Hello, {name}!"

        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn=greet,
            uri_template="greet://{name}",
            name="greeter",
        )
        manager._templates[template.uri_template] = template

        resource = await manager.get_resource(AnyUrl("greet://world"))
        assert isinstance(resource, FunctionResource)
        content = await resource.read()
        assert content == "Hello, world!"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_get_unknown_resource(self):
        """Test getting a non-existent resource."""
        manager = ResourceManager()
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unknown resource"):
            await manager.get_resource(AnyUrl("unknown://test"))

    def test_list_resources(self, temp_file: Path):
        """Test listing all resources."""
        manager = ResourceManager()
        resource1 = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}"),
            name="test1",
            path=temp_file,
        )
        resource2 = FileResource(
            uri=FileUrl(f"file://{temp_file}2"),
            name="test2",
            path=temp_file,
        )
        manager.add_resource(resource1)
        manager.add_resource(resource2)
        resources = manager.list_resources()
        assert len(resources) == 2
        assert resources == [resource1, resource2]


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/resources/test_resource_template.py
================================================
import json

import pytest
from pydantic import BaseModel

from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources import FunctionResource, ResourceTemplate


class TestResourceTemplate:
    """Test ResourceTemplate functionality."""

    def test_template_creation(self):
        """Test creating a template from a function."""

        def my_func(key: str, value: int) -> dict:
            return {"key": key, "value": value}

        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn=my_func,
            uri_template="test://{key}/{value}",
            name="test",
        )
        assert template.uri_template == "test://{key}/{value}"
        assert template.name == "test"
        assert template.mime_type == "text/plain"  # default
        test_input = {"key": "test", "value": 42}
        assert template.fn(**test_input) == my_func(**test_input)

    def test_template_matches(self):
        """Test matching URIs against a template."""

        def my_func(key: str, value: int) -> dict:
            return {"key": key, "value": value}

        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn=my_func,
            uri_template="test://{key}/{value}",
            name="test",
        )

        # Valid match
        params = template.matches("test://foo/123")
        assert params == {"key": "foo", "value": "123"}

        # No match
        assert template.matches("test://foo") is None
        assert template.matches("other://foo/123") is None

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_create_resource(self):
        """Test creating a resource from a template."""

        def my_func(key: str, value: int) -> dict:
            return {"key": key, "value": value}

        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn=my_func,
            uri_template="test://{key}/{value}",
            name="test",
        )

        resource = await template.create_resource(
            "test://foo/123",
            {"key": "foo", "value": 123},
        )

        assert isinstance(resource, FunctionResource)
        content = await resource.read()
        assert isinstance(content, str)
        data = json.loads(content)
        assert data == {"key": "foo", "value": 123}

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_template_error(self):
        """Test error handling in template resource creation."""

        def failing_func(x: str) -> str:
            raise ValueError("Test error")

        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn=failing_func,
            uri_template="fail://{x}",
            name="fail",
        )

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Error creating resource from template"):
            await template.create_resource("fail://test", {"x": "test"})

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_async_text_resource(self):
        """Test creating a text resource from async function."""

        async def greet(name: str) -> str:
            return f"Hello, {name}!"

        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn=greet,
            uri_template="greet://{name}",
            name="greeter",
        )

        resource = await template.create_resource(
            "greet://world",
            {"name": "world"},
        )

        assert isinstance(resource, FunctionResource)
        content = await resource.read()
        assert content == "Hello, world!"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_async_binary_resource(self):
        """Test creating a binary resource from async function."""

        async def get_bytes(value: str) -> bytes:
            return value.encode()

        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn=get_bytes,
            uri_template="bytes://{value}",
            name="bytes",
        )

        resource = await template.create_resource(
            "bytes://test",
            {"value": "test"},
        )

        assert isinstance(resource, FunctionResource)
        content = await resource.read()
        assert content == b"test"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_basemodel_conversion(self):
        """Test handling of BaseModel types."""

        class MyModel(BaseModel):
            key: str
            value: int

        def get_data(key: str, value: int) -> MyModel:
            return MyModel(key=key, value=value)

        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn=get_data,
            uri_template="test://{key}/{value}",
            name="test",
        )

        resource = await template.create_resource(
            "test://foo/123",
            {"key": "foo", "value": 123},
        )

        assert isinstance(resource, FunctionResource)
        content = await resource.read()
        assert isinstance(content, str)
        data = json.loads(content)
        assert data == {"key": "foo", "value": 123}

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_custom_type_conversion(self):
        """Test handling of custom types."""

        class CustomData:
            def __init__(self, value: str):
                self.value = value

            def __str__(self) -> str:
                return self.value

        def get_data(value: str) -> CustomData:
            return CustomData(value)

        template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
            fn=get_data,
            uri_template="test://{value}",
            name="test",
        )

        resource = await template.create_resource(
            "test://hello",
            {"value": "hello"},
        )

        assert isinstance(resource, FunctionResource)
        content = await resource.read()
        assert content == "hello"


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/resources/test_resources.py
================================================
import pytest
from pydantic import AnyUrl

from mcp.server.fastmcp.resources import FunctionResource, Resource


class TestResourceValidation:
    """Test base Resource validation."""

    def test_resource_uri_validation(self):
        """Test URI validation."""

        def dummy_func() -> str:
            return "data"

        # Valid URI
        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("http://example.com/data"),
            name="test",
            fn=dummy_func,
        )
        assert str(resource.uri) == "http://example.com/data"

        # Missing protocol
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Input should be a valid URL"):
            FunctionResource(
                uri=AnyUrl("invalid"),
                name="test",
                fn=dummy_func,
            )

        # Missing host
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Input should be a valid URL"):
            FunctionResource(
                uri=AnyUrl("http://"),
                name="test",
                fn=dummy_func,
            )

    def test_resource_name_from_uri(self):
        """Test name is extracted from URI if not provided."""

        def dummy_func() -> str:
            return "data"

        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("resource://my-resource"),
            fn=dummy_func,
        )
        assert resource.name == "resource://my-resource"

    def test_resource_name_validation(self):
        """Test name validation."""

        def dummy_func() -> str:
            return "data"

        # Must provide either name or URI
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Either name or uri must be provided"):
            FunctionResource(
                fn=dummy_func,
            )

        # Explicit name takes precedence over URI
        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("resource://uri-name"),
            name="explicit-name",
            fn=dummy_func,
        )
        assert resource.name == "explicit-name"

    def test_resource_mime_type(self):
        """Test mime type handling."""

        def dummy_func() -> str:
            return "data"

        # Default mime type
        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("resource://test"),
            fn=dummy_func,
        )
        assert resource.mime_type == "text/plain"

        # Custom mime type
        resource = FunctionResource(
            uri=AnyUrl("resource://test"),
            fn=dummy_func,
            mime_type="application/json",
        )
        assert resource.mime_type == "application/json"

    @pytest.mark.anyio
    async def test_resource_read_abstract(self):
        """Test that Resource.read() is abstract."""

        class ConcreteResource(Resource):
            pass

        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="abstract method"):
            ConcreteResource(uri=AnyUrl("test://test"), name="test")  # type: ignore


================================================
File: tests/server/fastmcp/servers/test_file_server.py
================================================
import json
from pathlib import Path

import pytest

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP


@pytest.fixture()
def test_dir(tmp_path_factory) -> Path:
    """Create a temporary directory with test files."""
    tmp = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("test_files")

    # Create test files
    (tmp / "example.py").write_text("print('hello world')")
    (tmp / "readme.md").write_text("# Test Directory\nThis is a test.")
    (tmp / "config.json").write_text('{"test": true}')

    return tmp


@pytest.fixture
def mcp() -> FastMCP:
    mcp = FastMCP()

    return mcp


@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def resources(mcp: FastMCP, test_dir: Path) -> FastMCP:
    @mcp.resource("dir://test_dir")
    def list_test_dir() -> list[str]:
        """List the files in the test directory"""
        return [str(f) for f in test_dir.iterdir()]

    @mcp.resource("file://test_dir/example.py")
    def read_example_py() -> str:
        """Read the example.py file"""
        try:
            return (test_dir / "example.py").read_text()
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return "File not found"

    @mcp.resource("file://test_dir/readme.md")
    def read_readme_md() -> str:
        """Read the readme.md file"""
        try:
            return (test_dir / "readme.md").read_text()
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return "File not found"

    @mcp.resource("file://test_dir/config.json")
    def read_config_json() -> str:
        """Read the config.json file"""
        try:
            return (test_dir / "config.json").read_text()
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return "File not found"

    return mcp


@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def tools(mcp: FastMCP, test_dir: Path) -> FastMCP:
    @mcp.tool()
    def delete_file(path: str) -> bool:
        # ensure path is in test_dir
        if Path(path).resolve().parent != test_dir:
            raise ValueError(f"Path must be in test_dir: {path}")
        Path(path).unlink()
        return True

    return mcp


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_list_resources(mcp: FastMCP):
    resources = await mcp.list_resources()
    assert len(resources) == 4

    assert [str(r.uri) for r in resources] == [
        "dir://test_dir",
        "file://test_dir/example.py",
        "file://test_dir/readme.md",
        "file://test_dir/config.json",
    ]


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_read_resource_dir(mcp: FastMCP):
    res = await mcp.read_resource("dir://test_dir")
    assert res.mime_type == "text/plain"

    files = json.loads(res.content)

    assert sorted([Path(f).name for f in files]) == [
        "config.json",
        "example.py",
        "readme.md",
    ]


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_read_resource_file(mcp: FastMCP):
    res = await mcp.read_resource("file://test_dir/example.py")
    assert res.content == "print('hello world')"


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_delete_file(mcp: FastMCP, test_dir: Path):
    await mcp.call_tool(
        "delete_file", arguments=dict(path=str(test_dir / "example.py"))
    )
    assert not (test_dir / "example.py").exists()


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_delete_file_and_check_resources(mcp: FastMCP, test_dir: Path):
    await mcp.call_tool(
        "delete_file", arguments=dict(path=str(test_dir / "example.py"))
    )
    res = await mcp.read_resource("file://test_dir/example.py")
    assert res.content == "File not found"


================================================
File: tests/shared/test_memory.py
================================================
import pytest
from pydantic import AnyUrl
from typing_extensions import AsyncGenerator

from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.server import Server
from mcp.shared.memory import (
    create_connected_server_and_client_session,
)
from mcp.types import (
    EmptyResult,
    Resource,
)


@pytest.fixture
def mcp_server() -> Server:
    server = Server(name="test_server")

    @server.list_resources()
    async def handle_list_resources():
        return [
            Resource(
                uri=AnyUrl("memory://test"),
                name="Test Resource",
                description="A test resource",
            )
        ]

    return server


@pytest.fixture
async def client_connected_to_server(
    mcp_server: Server,
) -> AsyncGenerator[ClientSession, None]:
    async with create_connected_server_and_client_session(mcp_server) as client_session:
        yield client_session


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_memory_server_and_client_connection(
    client_connected_to_server: ClientSession,
):
    """Shows how a client and server can communicate over memory streams."""
    response = await client_connected_to_server.send_ping()
    assert isinstance(response, EmptyResult)


================================================
File: tests/shared/test_session.py
================================================
from typing import AsyncGenerator

import anyio
import pytest

import mcp.types as types
from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.server.lowlevel.server import Server
from mcp.shared.exceptions import McpError
from mcp.shared.memory import create_connected_server_and_client_session
from mcp.types import (
    CancelledNotification,
    CancelledNotificationParams,
    ClientNotification,
    ClientRequest,
    EmptyResult,
)


@pytest.fixture
def mcp_server() -> Server:
    return Server(name="test server")


@pytest.fixture
async def client_connected_to_server(
    mcp_server: Server,
) -> AsyncGenerator[ClientSession, None]:
    async with create_connected_server_and_client_session(mcp_server) as client_session:
        yield client_session


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_in_flight_requests_cleared_after_completion(
    client_connected_to_server: ClientSession,
):
    """Verify that _in_flight is empty after all requests complete."""
    # Send a request and wait for response
    response = await client_connected_to_server.send_ping()
    assert isinstance(response, EmptyResult)

    # Verify _in_flight is empty
    assert len(client_connected_to_server._in_flight) == 0


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_request_cancellation():
    """Test that requests can be cancelled while in-flight."""
    # The tool is already registered in the fixture

    ev_tool_called = anyio.Event()
    ev_cancelled = anyio.Event()
    request_id = None

    # Start the request in a separate task so we can cancel it
    def make_server() -> Server:
        server = Server(name="TestSessionServer")

        # Register the tool handler
        @server.call_tool()
        async def handle_call_tool(name: str, arguments: dict | None) -> list:
            nonlocal request_id, ev_tool_called
            if name == "slow_tool":
                request_id = server.request_context.request_id
                ev_tool_called.set()
                await anyio.sleep(10)  # Long enough to ensure we can cancel
                return []
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown tool: {name}")

        # Register the tool so it shows up in list_tools
        @server.list_tools()
        async def handle_list_tools() -> list[types.Tool]:
            return [
                types.Tool(
                    name="slow_tool",
                    description="A slow tool that takes 10 seconds to complete",
                    inputSchema={},
                )
            ]

        return server

    async def make_request(client_session):
        nonlocal ev_cancelled
        try:
            await client_session.send_request(
                ClientRequest(
                    types.CallToolRequest(
                        method="tools/call",
                        params=types.CallToolRequestParams(
                            name="slow_tool", arguments={}
                        ),
                    )
                ),
                types.CallToolResult,
            )
            pytest.fail("Request should have been cancelled")
        except McpError as e:
            # Expected - request was cancelled
            assert "Request cancelled" in str(e)
            ev_cancelled.set()

    async with create_connected_server_and_client_session(
        make_server()
    ) as client_session:
        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
            tg.start_soon(make_request, client_session)

            # Wait for the request to be in-flight
            with anyio.fail_after(1):  # Timeout after 1 second
                await ev_tool_called.wait()

            # Send cancellation notification
            assert request_id is not None
            await client_session.send_notification(
                ClientNotification(
                    CancelledNotification(
                        method="notifications/cancelled",
                        params=CancelledNotificationParams(requestId=request_id),
                    )
                )
            )

            # Give cancellation time to process
            with anyio.fail_after(1):
                await ev_cancelled.wait()


================================================
File: tests/shared/test_sse.py
================================================
import multiprocessing
import socket
import time
from typing import AsyncGenerator, Generator

import anyio
import httpx
import pytest
import uvicorn
from pydantic import AnyUrl
from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.requests import Request
from starlette.routing import Mount, Route

from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
from mcp.client.sse import sse_client
from mcp.server import Server
from mcp.server.sse import SseServerTransport
from mcp.shared.exceptions import McpError
from mcp.types import (
    EmptyResult,
    ErrorData,
    InitializeResult,
    ReadResourceResult,
    TextContent,
    TextResourceContents,
    Tool,
)

SERVER_NAME = "test_server_for_SSE"


@pytest.fixture
def server_port() -> int:
    with socket.socket() as s:
        s.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
        return s.getsockname()[1]


@pytest.fixture
def server_url(server_port: int) -> str:
    return f"http://127.0.0.1:{server_port}"


# Test server implementation
class ServerTest(Server):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(SERVER_NAME)

        @self.read_resource()
        async def handle_read_resource(uri: AnyUrl) -> str | bytes:
            if uri.scheme == "foobar":
                return f"Read {uri.host}"
            elif uri.scheme == "slow":
                # Simulate a slow resource
                await anyio.sleep(2.0)
                return f"Slow response from {uri.host}"

            raise McpError(
                error=ErrorData(
                    code=404, message="OOPS! no resource with that URI was found"
                )
            )

        @self.list_tools()
        async def handle_list_tools() -> list[Tool]:
            return [
                Tool(
                    name="test_tool",
                    description="A test tool",
                    inputSchema={"type": "object", "properties": {}},
                )
            ]

        @self.call_tool()
        async def handle_call_tool(name: str, args: dict) -> list[TextContent]:
            return [TextContent(type="text", text=f"Called {name}")]


# Test fixtures
def make_server_app() -> Starlette:
    """Create test Starlette app with SSE transport"""
    sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")
    server = ServerTest()

    async def handle_sse(request: Request) -> None:
        async with sse.connect_sse(
            request.scope, request.receive, request._send
        ) as streams:
            await server.run(
                streams[0], streams[1], server.create_initialization_options()
            )

    app = Starlette(
        routes=[
            Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse),
            Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
        ]
    )

    return app


def run_server(server_port: int) -> None:
    app = make_server_app()
    server = uvicorn.Server(
        config=uvicorn.Config(
            app=app, host="127.0.0.1", port=server_port, log_level="error"
        )
    )
    print(f"starting server on {server_port}")
    server.run()

    # Give server time to start
    while not server.started:
        print("waiting for server to start")
        time.sleep(0.5)


@pytest.fixture()
def server(server_port: int) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    proc = multiprocessing.Process(
        target=run_server, kwargs={"server_port": server_port}, daemon=True
    )
    print("starting process")
    proc.start()

    # Wait for server to be running
    max_attempts = 20
    attempt = 0
    print("waiting for server to start")
    while attempt < max_attempts:
        try:
            with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
                s.connect(("127.0.0.1", server_port))
                break
        except ConnectionRefusedError:
            time.sleep(0.1)
            attempt += 1
    else:
        raise RuntimeError(
            "Server failed to start after {} attempts".format(max_attempts)
        )

    yield

    print("killing server")
    # Signal the server to stop
    proc.kill()
    proc.join(timeout=2)
    if proc.is_alive():
        print("server process failed to terminate")


@pytest.fixture()
async def http_client(server, server_url) -> AsyncGenerator[httpx.AsyncClient, None]:
    """Create test client"""
    async with httpx.AsyncClient(base_url=server_url) as client:
        yield client


# Tests
@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_raw_sse_connection(http_client: httpx.AsyncClient) -> None:
    """Test the SSE connection establishment simply with an HTTP client."""
    async with anyio.create_task_group():

        async def connection_test() -> None:
            async with http_client.stream("GET", "/sse") as response:
                assert response.status_code == 200
                assert (
                    response.headers["content-type"]
                    == "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"
                )

                line_number = 0
                async for line in response.aiter_lines():
                    if line_number == 0:
                        assert line == "event: endpoint"
                    elif line_number == 1:
                        assert line.startswith("data: /messages/?session_id=")
                    else:
                        return
                    line_number += 1

        # Add timeout to prevent test from hanging if it fails
        with anyio.fail_after(3):
            await connection_test()


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_sse_client_basic_connection(server: None, server_url: str) -> None:
    async with sse_client(server_url + "/sse") as streams:
        async with ClientSession(*streams) as session:
            # Test initialization
            result = await session.initialize()
            assert isinstance(result, InitializeResult)
            assert result.serverInfo.name == SERVER_NAME

            # Test ping
            ping_result = await session.send_ping()
            assert isinstance(ping_result, EmptyResult)


@pytest.fixture
async def initialized_sse_client_session(
    server, server_url: str
) -> AsyncGenerator[ClientSession, None]:
    async with sse_client(server_url + "/sse", sse_read_timeout=0.5) as streams:
        async with ClientSession(*streams) as session:
            await session.initialize()
            yield session


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_sse_client_happy_request_and_response(
    initialized_sse_client_session: ClientSession,
) -> None:
    session = initialized_sse_client_session
    response = await session.read_resource(uri=AnyUrl("foobar://should-work"))
    assert len(response.contents) == 1
    assert isinstance(response.contents[0], TextResourceContents)
    assert response.contents[0].text == "Read should-work"


@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_sse_client_exception_handling(
    initialized_sse_client_session: ClientSession,
) -> None:
    session = initialized_sse_client_session
    with pytest.raises(McpError, match="OOPS! no resource with that URI was found"):
        await session.read_resource(uri=AnyUrl("xxx://will-not-work"))


@pytest.mark.anyio
@pytest.mark.skip(
    "this test highlights a possible bug in SSE read timeout exception handling"
)
async def test_sse_client_timeout(
    initialized_sse_client_session: ClientSession,
) -> None:
    session = initialized_sse_client_session

    # sanity check that normal, fast responses are working
    response = await session.read_resource(uri=AnyUrl("foobar://1"))
    assert isinstance(response, ReadResourceResult)

    with anyio.move_on_after(3):
        with pytest.raises(McpError, match="Read timed out"):
            response = await session.read_resource(uri=AnyUrl("slow://2"))
            # we should receive an error here
        return

    pytest.fail("the client should have timed out and returned an error already")


================================================
File: .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
================================================
---
name: Bug report
about: Create a report to help us improve
title: ''
labels: ''
assignees: ''

---

**Describe the bug**
A clear and concise description of what the bug is.

**To Reproduce**
Steps to reproduce the behavior:
1. Go to '...'
2. Click on '....'
3. Scroll down to '....'
4. See error

**Expected behavior**
A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.

**Screenshots**
If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.

**Desktop (please complete the following information):**
 - OS: [e.g. iOS]
 - Browser [e.g. chrome, safari]
 - Version [e.g. 22]

**Smartphone (please complete the following information):**
 - Device: [e.g. iPhone6]
 - OS: [e.g. iOS8.1]
 - Browser [e.g. stock browser, safari]
 - Version [e.g. 22]

**Additional context**
Add any other context about the problem here.


================================================
File: .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
================================================
---
name: Feature request
about: Suggest an idea for this project
title: ''
labels: ''
assignees: ''

---

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]

**Describe the solution you'd like**
A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.

**Describe alternatives you've considered**
A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.

**Additional context**
Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.


================================================
File: .github/workflows/check-lock.yml
================================================
name: Check uv.lock

on:
  pull_request:
    paths:
      - "pyproject.toml"
      - "uv.lock"
  push:
    paths:
      - "pyproject.toml"
      - "uv.lock"

jobs:
  check-lock:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install uv
        run: |
          curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
          echo "$HOME/.cargo/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH

      - name: Check uv.lock is up to date
        run: uv lock --check


================================================
File: .github/workflows/main-checks.yml
================================================
name: Main branch checks

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main
      - "v*.*.*"
    tags:
      - "v*.*.*"

jobs:
  checks:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/shared.yml


================================================
File: .github/workflows/publish-pypi.yml
================================================
name: Publishing

on:
  release:
    types: [published]

jobs:
  release-build:
    name: Build distribution
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: [checks]
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4

    - name: Install uv
      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3

    - name: "Set up Python"
      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
        python-version-file: ".python-version"

    - name: Install the project
      run: uv sync --frozen --all-extras --dev

    - name: Build
      run: uv build

    - name: Upload artifacts
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: release-dists
        path: dist/

  checks:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/shared.yml

  pypi-publish:
    name: Upload release to PyPI
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment: release
    needs:
      - release-build
    permissions:
      id-token: write  # IMPORTANT: this permission is mandatory for trusted publishing

    steps:
    - name: Retrieve release distributions
      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: release-dists
        path: dist/

    - name: Publish package distributions to PyPI
      uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1


================================================
File: .github/workflows/pull-request-checks.yml
================================================
name: Pull request checks

on:
  pull_request:

jobs:
  checks:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/shared.yml


================================================
File: .github/workflows/shared.yml
================================================
name: Shared Checks

on:
  workflow_call:

jobs:
  format:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install uv
        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
        with:
          enable-cache: true

      - name: "Set up Python"
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version-file: ".python-version"

      - name: Install the project
        run: uv sync --frozen --all-extras --dev

      - name: Run ruff format check
        run: uv run --frozen ruff check .

  typecheck:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install uv
        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
        with:
          enable-cache: true

      - name: "Set up Python"
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version-file: ".python-version"

      - name: Install the project
        run: uv sync --frozen --all-extras --dev

      - name: Run pyright
        run: uv run --frozen pyright

  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install uv
        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
        with:
          enable-cache: true

      - name: "Set up Python"
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version-file: ".python-version"

      - name: Install the project
        run: uv sync --frozen --all-extras --dev

      - name: Run pytest
        run: uv run --frozen pytest


