Classes and functions for creating and manipulating pitches, pitch-space, and accidentals. Used extensively by note.py
Given any floating point value, split into accidental and microtone components.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> pitch.convertCentsToAlterAndCents(125)
(1, 25.0)
>>> pitch.convertCentsToAlterAndCents(-75)
(-0.5, -25.0)
>>> pitch.convertCentsToAlterAndCents(-125)
(-1, -25.0)
>>> pitch.convertCentsToAlterAndCents(-200)
(-2, 0.0)
>>> pitch.convertCentsToAlterAndCents(235)
(2.5, -15.0)
Utility conversion; does not process internals. Converts a frequency in Hz into a midiNote number. Assumes A4 = 440 Hz
>>> convertFqToPs(440)
69.0
>>> convertFqToPs(261.62556530059862)
60.0
Given a harmonic number, return the total number shift in cents assuming 12 tone equal temperament.
>>> convertHarmonicToCents(8)
3600
>>> [convertHarmonicToCents(x) for x in [5, 6, 7, 8]]
[2786, 3102, 3369, 3600]
>>> [convertHarmonicToCents(x) for x in [16, 17, 18, 19]]
[4800, 4905, 5004, 5098]
>>> [convertHarmonicToCents(x) for x in range(1, 32)]
[0, 1200, 1902, 2400, 2786, 3102, 3369, 3600, 3804, 3986, 4151, 4302, 4441, 4569, 4688, 4800, 4905, 5004, 5098, 5186, 5271, 5351, 5428, 5502, 5573, 5641, 5706, 5769, 5830, 5888, 5945]
Utility conversion: from a pitch name to a pitch class integer between 0 and 11.
>>> convertNameToPitchClass('c4')
0
>>> convertNameToPitchClass('c#')
1
>>> convertNameToPitchClass('d-')
1
>>> convertNameToPitchClass('e--')
2
>>> convertNameToPitchClass('b2##')
1
Utility conversion: from a pitch name to a pitch space number (floating point MIDI pitch values).
>>> from music21 import *
>>> pitch.convertNameToPs('c4')
60.0
>>> pitch.convertNameToPs('c2#')
37.0
>>> pitch.convertNameToPs('d7-')
97.0
>>> pitch.convertNameToPs('e1--')
26.0
>>> pitch.convertNameToPs('b2##')
49.0
>>> pitch.convertNameToPs('c~4')
60.5
Given a pitch class or pitch class value, look for strings. If a string is found, replace it with the default pitch class representation.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> convertPitchClassToNumber(3)
3
>>> convertPitchClassToNumber('a')
10
>>> convertPitchClassToNumber('B')
11
>>> convertPitchClassToNumber('3')
3
Given a pitch class number, return a string.
>>> convertPitchClassToStr(3)
'3'
>>> convertPitchClassToStr(10)
'A'
Utility conversion; does not process internals. Converts a midiNote number to a frequency in Hz. Assumes A4 = 440 Hz
>>> from music21 import *
>>> pitch.convertPsToFq(69)
440.0
>>> str(pitch.convertPsToFq(60))
'261.625565301'
>>> str(pitch.convertPsToFq(2))
'9.17702399742'
>>> str(pitch.convertPsToFq(135))
'19912.1269582'
Utility conversion; does not process internals. Converts a midiNote number to an octave number. Assume C4 middle C, so 60 returns 4
>>> [convertPsToOct(59), convertPsToOct(60), convertPsToOct(61)]
[3, 4, 4]
>>> [convertPsToOct(12), convertPsToOct(0), convertPsToOct(-12)]
[0, -1, -2]
>>> convertPsToOct(135)
10
Utility conversion; does not process internal representations. Takes in a pitch space floating-point value or a MIDI note number (Assume C4 middle C, so 60 returns 4). Returns a tuple of Step, an Accidental object, and a Microtone object or None.
>>> convertPsToStep(60)
('C', <accidental natural>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(66)
('F', <accidental sharp>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(67)
('G', <accidental natural>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(68)
('G', <accidental sharp>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(-2)
('B', <accidental flat>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(60.5)
('C', <accidental half-sharp>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(61.5)
('C', <accidental one-and-a-half-sharp>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(62)
('D', <accidental natural>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(62.5)
('D', <accidental half-sharp>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(135)
('E', <accidental flat>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(70)
('B', <accidental flat>, (+0c), 0)
>>> convertPsToStep(70.5)
('B', <accidental half-flat>, (+0c), 0)
Utility conversion; does not process internals. Takes in a note name string, octave number, and optional Accidental object. Returns a pitch space value as a floating point MIDI note number.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> pitch.convertStepToPs('c', 4, pitch.Accidental('sharp'))
61.0
>>> pitch.convertStepToPs('d', 2, pitch.Accidental(-2))
36.0
>>> pitch.convertStepToPs('b', 3, pitch.Accidental(3))
62.0
>>> pitch.convertStepToPs('c', 4, pitch.Accidental('half-flat'))
59.5
Inherits from: Music21Object, JSONSerializer
An object for storing pitch values. All values are represented internally as a scale step (self.step), and octave and an accidental object. In addition, pitches know their pitch space representation (self.ps); altering any of the first three changes the pitch space (ps) representation. Similarly, altering the .ps representation alters the first three.
Two Pitches are equal if they represent the same pitch and are spelled the same. A Pitch is greater than another Pitch if its pitchSpace is greater than the other. Thus C##4 > D-4.
Create a Pitch. Optional parameter name should include a step and accidental character(s) it can also include an octave number (“C#4”, “B–3”, etc.) so long as it’s 0 or higher.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> p1 = pitch.Pitch('a#')
>>> p1
A#
>>> p2 = pitch.Pitch(3)
>>> p2
E-
This is B-double flat in octave 3, not B- in octave -3.
>>> p3 = pitch.Pitch("B--3")
>>> p3.accidental
<accidental double-flat>
>>> p3.octave
3
Pitch attributes
Attributes without Documentation: fundamental, implicitAccidental, defaultOctave
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, hideObjectOnPrint, id, groups
Pitch properties
- name¶
Gets or sets the name (pitch name with accidental but without octave) of the Pitch.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p = pitch.Pitch() >>> p.name = 'C#' >>> p.implicitAccidental False >>> p.ps = 61 >>> p.implicitAccidental True >>> p.name 'C#' >>> p.ps = 58 >>> p.name 'B-' >>> p.name = 'C#' >>> p.implicitAccidental False
- nameWithOctave¶
The pitch name with an octave designation. If no octave as been set, no octave value is returned.
Read only attribute. Set name and octave separately (TODO: Change).
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('G#4') >>> a.nameWithOctave 'G#4' >>> a.name = 'A-' >>> a.octave = -1 >>> a.nameWithOctave 'A--1'
- step¶
The diatonic name of the note; i.e. does not give the accidental or octave. Is case insensitive.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('B-3') >>> a.step 'B' >>> a.step = "c" >>> a.nameWithOctave 'C-3'Giving a name with an accidental raises a PitchException. Use .name instead. >>> from music21 import * >>> b = pitch.Pitch(‘E4’) >>> b.step = “E-” Traceback (most recent call last): PitchException: Cannot make a step out of ‘E-‘
- pitchClass¶
Returns or sets the integer value for the pitch, 0-11, where C=0, C#=1, D=2...B=11. Can be set using integers (0-11) or ‘A’ or ‘B’ for 10 or 11.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('a3') >>> a.pitchClass 9 >>> dis = pitch.Pitch('d3') >>> dis.pitchClass 2 >>> dis.accidental = pitch.Accidental("#") >>> dis.pitchClass 3 >>> dis.pitchClass = 11 >>> dis.pitchClass 11 >>> dis.name 'B'
- octave¶
Returns or sets the octave of the note. Setting the octave updates the pitchSpace attribute.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('g') >>> a.octave is None True >>> a.implicitOctave 4 >>> a.ps ## will use implicitOctave 67.0 >>> a.name 'G' >>> a.octave = 14 >>> a.octave 14 >>> a.implicitOctave 14 >>> a.name 'G' >>> a.ps 187.0
- midi¶
Get or set a pitch value in MIDI. MIDI pitch values are like ps values (pitchSpace) rounded to the nearest integer; while the ps attribute will accommodate floats.
>>> from music21 import * >>> c = pitch.Pitch('C4') >>> c.midi 60 >>> c.midi = 23.5 >>> c.midi 24Midi values are also constrained to the space 0-127. Higher or lower values will be transposed octaves to fit in this space.
>>> veryHighFHalfFlat = pitch.Pitch("F") >>> veryHighFHalfFlat.octave = 12 >>> veryHighFHalfFlat.accidental = pitch.Accidental('half-flat') >>> veryHighFHalfFlat.ps 160.5 >>> veryHighFHalfFlat.midi 125Note that the conversion of improper midi values to proper midi values is done before assigning .ps:
>>> a = pitch.Pitch() >>> a.midi = -10 >>> a.midi 2 >>> a.ps 2.0 >>> a.implicitAccidental True
- accidental¶
Stores an optional accidental object contained within the Pitch object. This might return None.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('E-') >>> a.accidental.alter -1.0 >>> a.accidental.modifier '-' >>> b = pitch.Pitch('C4') >>> b.accidental is None True >>> b.accidental = pitch.Accidental('natural') >>> b.accidental is None False >>> b.accidental <accidental natural> >>> b = pitch.Pitch('C4') >>> b.accidental = 1.5 >>> b C#4(+50c) >>> b.accidental = 1.65 >>> b C#~4(+15c) >>> b.accidental = 1.95 >>> b C##4(-5c)
- alter¶
Return the pitch alteration as a numeric value, where 1 is the space of one half step and all base pitch values are given by step alone. Thus, the alter value combines the pitch change suggested by the Accidental and the Microtone combined.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p = pitch.Pitch('g#4') >>> p.alter 1.0 >>> p.microtone = -25 # in cents >>> p.alter 0.75
- diatonicNoteNum¶
Returns (or takes) an integer that uniquely identifies the diatonic version of a note, that is ignoring accidentals. The number returned is the diatonic interval above C0 (the lowest C on a Boesendorfer Imperial Grand), so G0 = 5, C1 = 8, etc. Numbers can be negative for very low notes. C4 (middleC) = 29, C#4 = 29, C##4 = 29, D-4 = 30, D4 = 30, etc.
>>> from music21 import * >>> c = pitch.Pitch('c4') >>> c.diatonicNoteNum 29 >>> c = pitch.Pitch('c#4') >>> c.diatonicNoteNum 29 >>> d = pitch.Pitch('d--4') >>> d.accidental.name 'double-flat' >>> d.diatonicNoteNum 30 >>> lowc = pitch.Pitch('c1') >>> lowc.diatonicNoteNum 8 >>> b = pitch.Pitch() >>> b.step = "B" >>> b.octave = -1 >>> b.diatonicNoteNum 0 >>> c = pitch.Pitch("C") >>> c.diatonicNoteNum #implicitOctave 29 >>> lowDSharp = pitch.Pitch("C#7") # start high !!! >>> lowDSharp.diatonicNoteNum = 9 # move low >>> lowDSharp.octave 1 >>> lowDSharp.name 'D#'
- freq440¶
Gets the frequency of the note as if it’s in an equal temperment context where A4 = 440hz. The same as .frequency so long as no other temperments are currently being used.
Since we don’t have any other temperament objects as of alpha 7, this is the same as .frequency always.
- frequency¶
The frequency property gets or sets the frequency of the pitch in hertz. If the frequency has not been overridden, then it is computed based on A440Hz and equal temperament
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch() >>> a.frequency = 440.0 >>> a.frequency 440.0 >>> a.name 'A' >>> a.octave 4 >>> a.frequency = 450.0 # microtones are captured >>> a A~4(-11c)
- fullName¶
Return the most complete representation of this Pitch, providing name, octave, accidental, and any microtonal adjustments.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p = pitch.Pitch('A-3') >>> p.microtone = 33.33 >>> p.fullName 'A3-flat (+33c)' >>> p = pitch.Pitch('A`7') >>> p.fullName 'A7-half-flat'
- german¶
Read-only attribute. Returns the name of a Pitch in the German system (where B-flat = B, B = H, etc.) (Microtones raise an error). Note that Ases is used instead of the also acceptable Asas.
>>> from music21 import * >>> print pitch.Pitch('B-').german B >>> print pitch.Pitch('B').german H >>> print pitch.Pitch('E-').german Es >>> print pitch.Pitch('C#').german Cis >>> print pitch.Pitch('A--').german Ases >>> p1 = pitch.Pitch('C') >>> p1.accidental = pitch.Accidental('half-sharp') >>> p1.german Traceback (most recent call last): PitchException: Es geht nicht "german" zu benutzen mit Microtoenen. Schade!Note these rarely used pitches:
>>> print pitch.Pitch('B--').german Heses >>> print pitch.Pitch('B#').german His
- implicitOctave¶
- Returns the octave of the Pitch, or defaultOctave if octave was never set. To set an octave, use .octave. Default octave is usually 4.
- microtone¶
Sets the microtone object contained within the Pitch object. Microtones must be supplied in cents.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p = pitch.Pitch('E4-') >>> p.microtone.cents == 0 True >>> p.ps 63.0 >>> p.microtone = 33 # adjustment in cents >>> p E-4(+33c) >>> (p.name, p.nameWithOctave) # these representations are unchanged ('E-', 'E-4') >>> p.microtone = '(-12c' # adjustment in cents >>> p E-4(-12c)
- musicxml¶
- Provide a complete MusicXML representation. Presently, this is based on
- mx¶
- No documentation.
- pitchClassString¶
Returns or sets a string representation of the pitch class, where integers greater than 10 are replaced by A and B, respectively. Can be used to set pitch class by a string representation as well (though this is also possible with pitchClass.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('a3') >>> a.pitchClassString = 'B' >>> a.pitchClass 11 >>> a.pitchClassString 'B'
- ps¶
The ps property permits getting and setting a pitch space value, a floating point number representing pitch space, where 60.0 is C4, middle C, 61.0 is C#4 or D-4, and floating point values are microtonal tunings (.01 is equal to one cent), so a quarter-tone sharp above C5 is 72.5. Note that the choice of 60.0 for C4 makes it identical to the integer value of 60 for .midi, but .midi does not allow for microtones and is limited to 0-127 while .ps allows for notes before midi 0 or above midi 127.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch("C4") >>> a.ps 60.0Changing the ps value for A will change the step and octave:
>>> a.ps = 45 >>> a A2 >>> a.ps 45.0Notice that ps 61 represents both C# and D-flat. Thus “implicitAccidental” will be true after setting our pitch to 61:
>>> a.ps = 61 >>> a C#4 >>> a.ps 61.0 >>> a.implicitAccidental TrueMicrotones are allowed, as are extreme ranges:
>>> b = pitch.Pitch('B9') >>> b.accidental = pitch.Accidental('half-flat') >>> b B`9 >>> b.ps 130.5
- stepWithOctave¶
Returns the pitch step (F, G, etc) with octave designation. If no octave has been set, no octave value is returned.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('G#4') >>> a.stepWithOctave 'G4'>>> a = pitch.Pitch('A#') >>> a.stepWithOctave 'A'
- unicodeName¶
- Return the pitch name in a unicode encoding.
- unicodeNameWithOctave¶
- Return the pitch name with octave with unicode accidental symbols, if available.
Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, measureNumber, offset, priority
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
Pitch methods
- convertMicrotonesToQuarterTones(inPlace=True)¶
Convert any Microtones available to quarter tones, if possible.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p = pitch.Pitch('g3') >>> p.microtone = 78 >>> p G3(+78c) >>> p.convertMicrotonesToQuarterTones(inPlace=True) >>> p G#3(-22c) >>> p = pitch.Pitch('d#3') >>> p.microtone = 46 >>> p D#3(+46c) >>> p.convertMicrotonesToQuarterTones(inPlace=True) >>> p D#~3(-4c) >>> p = pitch.Pitch('f#2') >>> p.microtone = -38 >>> p.convertMicrotonesToQuarterTones(inPlace=True) >>> p F~2(+12c)
- convertQuarterTonesToMicrotones(inPlace=True)¶
Convert any quarter tone Accidentals to Microtones.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p = pitch.Pitch('G#~') >>> p, p.microtone (G#~, (+0c)) >>> p.convertQuarterTonesToMicrotones(inPlace=True) >>> p.ps 68.5 >>> p, p.microtone (G#(+50c), (+50c)) >>> p = pitch.Pitch('A`') >>> p, p.microtone (A`, (+0c)) >>> x = p.convertQuarterTonesToMicrotones(inPlace=False) >>> x, x.microtone (A(-50c), (-50c)) >>> p, p.microtone (A`, (+0c))
- getCentShiftFromMidi()¶
- Get cent deviation of this pitch from MIDI pitch.
- getEnharmonic(inPlace=False)¶
- Returns a new Pitch that is the(/an) enharmonic equivalent of this Pitch. N.B.: n1.name == getEnharmonic(getEnharmonic(n1)).name is not necessarily true. For instance: getEnharmonic(E##) => F#; getEnharmonic(F#) => G- or: getEnharmonic(A–) => G; getEnharmonic(G) => F## However, for all cases not involving double sharps or flats (and even many that do) getEnharmonic(getEnharmonic(n)) = n Enharmonics of the following are defined: C <-> B#, D <-> C##, E <-> F-; F <-> E#, G <-> F##, A <-> B–, B <-> C- However, isEnharmonic() for A## and B certainly returns true.
- getHarmonic(number)¶
Return a Pitch object representing the harmonic found above this Pitch.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p = pitch.Pitch('a4') >>> p.getHarmonic(2) A5 >>> p.getHarmonic(3) E6(+2c) >>> p.getHarmonic(4) A6 >>> p.getHarmonic(5) C#7(-14c) >>> p.getHarmonic(6) E7(+2c) >>> p.getHarmonic(7) F#~7(+19c) >>> p.getHarmonic(8) A7>>> p2 = p.getHarmonic(2) >>> p2 A5 >>> p2.fundamental A4 >>> p2.transpose('p5', inPlace=True) >>> p2 E6 >>> p2.fundamental E5Or we can iterate over a list of the next 8 odd harmonics:
>>> for i in [9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23]: ... print p.getHarmonic(i), B7(+4c) D~8(+1c) F~8(-9c) G#8(-12c) B-8(+5c) C9(-2c) C#~9(+21c) E`9(-22c)Microtonally adjusted notes also generate harmonics:
>>> q = pitch.Pitch('C4') >>> q.microtone = 10 >>> q.getHarmonic(2) C5(+10c) >>> q.getHarmonic(3) G5(+12c)The fundamental is stored with the harmonic.
>>> h7 = pitch.Pitch("A4").getHarmonic(7) >>> h7 F#~7(+19c) >>> h7.fundamental A4 >>> h7.harmonicString() '7thH/A4' >>> h7.harmonicString('A3') '14thH/A3' >>> h2 = h7.getHarmonic(2) >>> h2 F#~8(+19c) >>> h2.fundamental F#~7(+19c) >>> h2.fundamental.fundamental A4 >>> h2.transpose(-24, inPlace=True) >>> h2 F#~6(+19c) >>> h2.fundamental.fundamental A2
- getHigherEnharmonic(inPlace=False)¶
Returns a Pitch enharmonic note that a dim-second above the current note.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p1 = pitch.Pitch('C#3') >>> p2 = p1.getHigherEnharmonic() >>> p2 D-3 >>> p1 = pitch.Pitch('C#3') >>> p1.getHigherEnharmonic(inPlace=True) >>> p1 D-3The method even works for certain CRAZY enharmonics
>>> p3 = pitch.Pitch('D--3') >>> p4 = p3.getHigherEnharmonic() >>> p4 E----3But not for things that are just utterly insane:
>>> p4.getHigherEnharmonic() Traceback (most recent call last): AccidentalException: -5 is not a supported accidental type
- getLowerEnharmonic(inPlace=False)¶
returns a Pitch enharmonic note that is a diminished second below the current note If inPlace is set to true, changes the current Pitch.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p1 = pitch.Pitch('C-3') >>> p2 = p1.getLowerEnharmonic() >>> p2 B2 >>> p1 = pitch.Pitch('C#3') >>> p1.getLowerEnharmonic(inPlace=True) >>> p1 B##2
- harmonicAndFundamentalFromPitch(target)¶
Given a Pitch that is a plausible target for a fundamental, return the harmonic number and a potentially shifted fundamental that describes this Pitch.
>>> from music21 import * >>> pitch.Pitch('g4').harmonicAndFundamentalFromPitch('c3') (3, C3(-2c))
- harmonicAndFundamentalStringFromPitch(fundamental)¶
Given a Pitch that is a plausible target for a fundamental, return the harmonic number and a potentially shifted fundamental that describes this Pitch. Return a string representation.
>>> from music21 import * >>> pitch.Pitch('g4').harmonicAndFundamentalStringFromPitch('c3') '3rdH/C3(-2c)' >>> pitch.Pitch('c4').harmonicAndFundamentalStringFromPitch('c3') '2ndH/C3' >>> p = pitch.Pitch('c4') >>> p.microtone = 20 # raise 20 >>> p.harmonicAndFundamentalStringFromPitch('c3') '2ndH/C3(+20c)' >>> p.microtone = -20 # lower 20 >>> p.harmonicAndFundamentalStringFromPitch('c3') '2ndH/C3(-20c)' >>> p = pitch.Pitch('c4') >>> f = pitch.Pitch('c3') >>> f.microtone = -20 >>> p.harmonicAndFundamentalStringFromPitch(f) '2ndH/C3' >>> f.microtone = +20 >>> p.harmonicAndFundamentalStringFromPitch(f) '2ndH/C3' >>> p = pitch.Pitch('A4') >>> p.microtone = 69 >>> p.harmonicAndFundamentalStringFromPitch('c2') '7thH/C2' >>> p = pitch.Pitch('A4') >>> p.harmonicAndFundamentalStringFromPitch('c2') '7thH/C2(-69c)'
- harmonicFromFundamental(fundamental)¶
Given another Pitch as a fundamental, find the harmonic of that pitch that is equal to this Pitch. Returns a tuple of harmonic number, and fundamental Pitch. Microtones applied to the fundamental are irrelevant, as the fundamental may be microtonally shifted to find a match to this Pitch.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p = pitch.Pitch('g4') >>> f = pitch.Pitch('c3') >>> p.harmonicFromFundamental(f) (3, 2.0) >>> p.microtone = p.harmonicFromFundamental(f)[1] # adjust microtone >>> int(f.getHarmonic(3).frequency) == int(p.frequency) True
- harmonicString(fundamental=None)¶
Return a string representation of a harmonic equivalence.
>>> from music21 import * >>> pitch.Pitch('g4').harmonicString('c3') '3rdH(-2c)/C3' >>> pitch.Pitch('c4').harmonicString('c3') '2ndH/C3' >>> p = pitch.Pitch('c4') >>> p.microtone = 20 # raise 20 >>> p.harmonicString('c3') '2ndH(+20c)/C3' >>> p.microtone = -20 # lower 20 >>> p.harmonicString('c3') '2ndH(-20c)/C3' >>> p = pitch.Pitch('c4') >>> f = pitch.Pitch('c3') >>> f.microtone = -20 >>> p.harmonicString(f) '2ndH(+20c)/C3(-20c)' >>> f.microtone = +20 >>> p.harmonicString(f) '2ndH(-20c)/C3(+20c)' >>> p = pitch.Pitch('A4') >>> p.microtone = 69 >>> p.harmonicString('c2') '7thH/C2' >>> p = pitch.Pitch('A4') >>> p.harmonicString('c2') '7thH(-69c)/C2'
- inheritDisplay(other)¶
Inherit display properties from another Pitch, including those found on the Accidental object.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('c#') >>> a.accidental.displayType = 'always' >>> b = pitch.Pitch('c-') >>> b.inheritDisplay(a) >>> b.accidental.displayType 'always'
- isEnharmonic(other)¶
Return True if other is an enharmonic equivalent of self.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p1 = pitch.Pitch('C#3') >>> p2 = pitch.Pitch('D-3') >>> p3 = pitch.Pitch('D#3') >>> p1.isEnharmonic(p2) True >>> p2.isEnharmonic(p1) True >>> p3.isEnharmonic(p1) False
- isTwelveTone()¶
Return a boolean describing if this Pitch is Twelve Tone: either has a non-zero microtonal adjustment or has a quarter tone accidental.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p = pitch.Pitch('g4') >>> p.isTwelveTone() True >>> p.microtone = -20 >>> p.isTwelveTone() False >>> p = pitch.Pitch('g~4') >>> p.isTwelveTone() False
- lilyNoOctave()¶
- returns the lilypond representation of the pitch (with accidentals) but without octave.
- setAccidentalDisplay(value=None)¶
If this Pitch has an accidental, set its displayStatus, which can be True, False, or None.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('a') >>> past = [pitch.Pitch('a#'), pitch.Pitch('c#'), pitch.Pitch('c')] >>> a.updateAccidentalDisplay(past, cautionaryAll=True) >>> a.accidental, a.accidental.displayStatus (<accidental natural>, True) >>> a.setAccidentalDisplay(None) >>> a.accidental, a.accidental.displayStatus (<accidental natural>, None)
- simplifyEnharmonic(inPlace=False)¶
Returns a new Pitch (or sets the current one if inPlace is True) that is either the same as the current pitch or has fewer sharps or flats if possible. For instance, E# returns F, while A# remains A# (i.e., does not take into account that B- is more common than A#). Useful to call if you ever have an algorithm that might take your piece far into the realm of double or triple flats or sharps. TODO: should be called automatically after ChromaticInterval transpositions.
>>> from music21 import * >>> p1 = pitch.Pitch("B#5") >>> p1.simplifyEnharmonic().nameWithOctave 'C6' >>> p2 = pitch.Pitch("A#2") >>> p2.simplifyEnharmonic(inPlace = True) >>> p2 A#2 >>> p3 = pitch.Pitch("E--3") >>> p4 = p3.transpose(interval.Interval('-A5')) >>> p4.simplifyEnharmonic() F#2Note that pitches with implicit octaves retain their implicit octaves. This might change the pitch space for B#s and C-s.
>>> pList = [pitch.Pitch("B"), pitch.Pitch("C#"), pitch.Pitch("G"), pitch.Pitch("A--")] >>> [p.simplifyEnharmonic() for p in pList] [B, C#, G, G]>>> pList = [pitch.Pitch("C-"), pitch.Pitch("B#")] >>> [p.ps for p in pList] [59.0, 72.0] >>> [p.simplifyEnharmonic().ps for p in pList] [71.0, 60.0]
- transpose(value, inPlace=False)¶
Transpose the pitch by the user-provided value. If the value is an integer, the transposition is treated in half steps. If the value is a string, any Interval string specification can be provided. Alternatively, a music21.interval.Interval object can be supplied.
>>> from music21 import * >>> aPitch = pitch.Pitch('g4') >>> bPitch = aPitch.transpose('m3') >>> bPitch B-4 >>> aInterval = interval.Interval(-6) >>> bPitch = aPitch.transpose(aInterval) >>> bPitch C#4 >>> aPitch G4 >>> aPitch.transpose(aInterval, inPlace=True) >>> aPitch C#4
- transposeAboveTarget(target, minimize=False)¶
Given a source Pitch, shift it up octaves until it is above the target. Note: this manipulates src inPlace. If minimize is True, a pitch above the the target will move down to the nearest octave.
>>> from music21 import * >>> pitch.Pitch('d2').transposeAboveTarget(pitch.Pitch('e4')) D5 >>> # if already above the target, make no change >>> pitch.Pitch('d7').transposeAboveTarget(pitch.Pitch('e2')) D7 >>> # accept the same pitch >>> pitch.Pitch('d2').transposeAboveTarget(pitch.Pitch('d8')) D8 >>> # if minimize is True, we go the closest position >>> pitch.Pitch('d#8').transposeAboveTarget(pitch.Pitch('d2'), minimize=True) D#2 >>> pitch.Pitch('d7').transposeAboveTarget(pitch.Pitch('e2'), minimize=True) D3 >>> pitch.Pitch('d0').transposeAboveTarget(pitch.Pitch('e2'), minimize=True) D3
- transposeBelowTarget(target, minimize=False)¶
Given a source Pitch, shift it down octaves until it is below the target. Note: this manipulates src inPlace. If minimize is True, a pitch below the the target will move up to the nearest octave.
>>> from music21 import * >>> pitch.Pitch('g5').transposeBelowTarget(pitch.Pitch('c#4')) G3 >>> # if already below the target, make no change >>> pitch.Pitch('g#3').transposeBelowTarget(pitch.Pitch('c#6')) G#3 >>> # accept the same pitch >>> pitch.Pitch('g#8').transposeBelowTarget(pitch.Pitch('g#1')) G#1 >>> pitch.Pitch('g#2').transposeBelowTarget(pitch.Pitch('f#8')) G#2 >>> pitch.Pitch('g#2').transposeBelowTarget(pitch.Pitch('f#8'), minimize=True) G#7 >>> pitch.Pitch('f#2').transposeBelowTarget(pitch.Pitch('f#8'), minimize=True) F#8
- updateAccidentalDisplay(pitchPast=[], alteredPitches=[], cautionaryPitchClass=True, cautionaryAll=False, overrideStatus=False, cautionaryNotImmediateRepeat=True)¶
Given a list of Pitch objects in pitchPast, determine if this pitch’s Accidental object needs to be created or updated with a natural or other cautionary accidental.
Changes to this Pitch object’s Accidental object are made in-place.
The alteredPitches list supplies pitches from a music21.key.KeySignature object using the alteredPitches property.
If cautionaryPitchClass is True, comparisons to past accidentals are made regardless of register. That is, if a past sharp is found two octaves above a present natural, a natural sign is still displayed.
If overrideStatus is True, this method will ignore any current displayStatus stetting found on the Accidental. By default this does not happen. If displayStatus is set to None, the Accidental’s displayStatus is set.
If cautionaryNotImmediateRepeat is True, cautionary accidentals will be displayed for an altered pitch even if that pitch had already been displayed as altered.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Pitch('a') >>> past = [pitch.Pitch('a#'), pitch.Pitch('c#'), pitch.Pitch('c')] >>> a.updateAccidentalDisplay(past, cautionaryAll=True) >>> a.accidental, a.accidental.displayStatus (<accidental natural>, True) >>> b = pitch.Pitch('a') >>> past = [pitch.Pitch('a#'), pitch.Pitch('c#'), pitch.Pitch('c')] >>> b.updateAccidentalDisplay(past) # should add a natural >>> b.accidental, b.accidental.displayStatus (<accidental natural>, True) >>> c = pitch.Pitch('a4') >>> past = [pitch.Pitch('a#3'), pitch.Pitch('c#'), pitch.Pitch('c')] >>> # will not add a natural because match is pitchSpace >>> c.updateAccidentalDisplay(past, cautionaryPitchClass=False) >>> c.accidental == None TrueMethods inherited from Music21Object: addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextAttr(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), searchParentByAttr(), setContextAttr(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Accidental class, representing the symbolic and numerical representation of pitch deviation from a pitch name (e.g., G, B). Two accidentals are considered equal if their names are equal. Accidentals have three defining attributes: a name, a modifier, and an alter. For microtonal specifications, the name and modifier are the same’
>>> from music21 import pitch
>>> a = pitch.Accidental('sharp')
>>> a.name, a.alter, a.modifier
('sharp', 1.0, '#')
Accidental attributes
- name¶
- A string name of the Accidental, such as “sharp” or “double-flat”.
- modifier¶
- A string symbol used to modify the pitch name, such as “#” or “-” for sharp and flat, respectively.
- alter¶
- A signed decimal representing the number of half-steps shifted by this Accidental, such as 1.0 for a sharp and -.5 for a quarter tone flat.
- displayLocation¶
- Location of accidental: “normal”, “above”, “below”.
- displaySize¶
- Size in display: “cue”, “large”, or a percentage.
- displayStyle¶
- Style of display: “parentheses”, “bracket”, “both”.
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, hideObjectOnPrint, id
Accidental properties
- displayStatus¶
- Determines if this Accidental is to be displayed; can be None (for not set), True, or False.
- displayType¶
- Display if first in measure; other valid terms: “always”, “never”, “unless-repeated” (show always unless the immediately preceding note is the same), “even-tied” (stronger than always: shows even if it is tied to the previous note)
- fullName¶
Return the most complete representation of this Accidental.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Accidental('double-flat') >>> a.fullName 'double-flat'
- lily¶
- From music21 to Lilypond notation.
- mx¶
From music21 to MusicXML
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Accidental() >>> a.set('half-sharp') >>> a.alter == .5 True >>> mxAccidental = a.mx >>> mxAccidental.get('content') 'quarter-sharp'
- unicode¶
- Return a unicode representation of this accidental.
Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, measureNumber, offset, priority
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
Accidental methods
- set(name)¶
Provide a value to the Accidental. Strings values, numbers, and Lilypond Abbreviations are all accepted.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Accidental() >>> a.set('sharp') >>> a.alter == 1 True >>> a = pitch.Accidental() >>> a.set(2) >>> a.modifier == "##" True >>> a = pitch.Accidental() >>> a.set(2.0) >>> a.modifier == "##" True >>> a = pitch.Accidental('--') >>> a.alter -2.0
- inheritDisplay(other)¶
Given another Accidental object, inherit all the display properites of that object. This is needed when transposing Pitches: we need to retain accidental display properties.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Accidental('double-flat') >>> a.displayType = 'always' >>> b = pitch.Accidental('sharp') >>> b.inheritDisplay(a) >>> b.displayType 'always'
- isTwelveTone()¶
Return a boolean if this Accidental describes a twelve-tone pitch.
>>> from music21 import * >>> a = pitch.Accidental('~') >>> a.isTwelveTone() False >>> a = pitch.Accidental('###') >>> a.isTwelveTone() True
- lilyDisplayType()¶
- No documentation.
Methods inherited from Music21Object: addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextAttr(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), searchParentByAttr(), setContextAttr(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
The Microtone object defines a pitch transformation above or below a standard Pitch and its Accidental.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = pitch.Microtone(20)
>>> m.cents
20
>>> m.alter
0.2...
>>> m
(+20c)
>>> m.harmonicShift = 3
>>> m
(+20c+3rdH)
>>> m.cents
1922
>>> m.alter
19.2...
>>> m = pitch.Microtone('(-33.333333)')
>>> m
(-33c)
>>> m = pitch.Microtone('33.333333')
>>> m
(+33c)
>>> m.alter
0.3333...
Microtone properties
- alter¶
- Return the microtone value in accidental alter values.
- cents¶
- Return the microtone value in cents. This is not a settable property. To set the value in cents, simply use that value as a creation argument.
- harmonicShift¶
- Set or get the harmonic shift.