Delaying jobs

The fast way to enqueue a job for a method is to use with_delay() on a record or model:

def button_done(self):
    self.with_delay().print_confirmation_document(self.state)
    self.write({"state": "done"})
    return True

Here, the method print_confirmation_document() will be executed asynchronously as a job. with_delay() can take several parameters to define more precisely how the job is executed (priority, …).

All the arguments passed to the method being delayed are stored in the job and passed to the method when it is executed asynchronously, including self, so the current record is maintained during the job execution (warning: the context is not kept).

Dependencies can be expressed between jobs. To start a graph of jobs, use delayable() on a record or model. The following is the equivalent of with_delay() but using the long form:

def button_done(self):
    delayable = self.delayable()
    delayable.print_confirmation_document(self.state)
    delayable.delay()
    self.write({"state": "done"})
    return True

Methods of Delayable objects return itself, so it can be used as a builder pattern, which in some cases allow to build the jobs dynamically:

def button_generate_simple_with_delayable(self):
    self.ensure_one()
    # Introduction of a delayable object, using a builder pattern
    # allowing to chain jobs or set properties. The delay() method
    # on the delayable object actually stores the delayable objects
    # in the queue_job table
    (
        self.delayable()
        .generate_thumbnail((50, 50))
        .set(priority=30)
        .set(description=_("generate xxx"))
        .delay()
    )

The simplest way to define a dependency is to use .on_done(job) on a Delayable:

def button_chain_done(self):
    self.ensure_one()
    job1 = self.browse(1).delayable().generate_thumbnail((50, 50))
    job2 = self.browse(1).delayable().generate_thumbnail((50, 50))
    job3 = self.browse(1).delayable().generate_thumbnail((50, 50))
    # job 3 is executed when job 2 is done which is executed when job 1 is done
    job1.on_done(job2.on_done(job3)).delay()

Delayables can be chained to form more complex graphs using the chain() and group() primitives. A chain represents a sequence of jobs to execute in order, a group represents jobs which can be executed in parallel. Using chain() has the same effect as using several nested on_done() but is more readable. Both can be combined to form a graph, for instance we can group [A] of jobs, which blocks another group [B] of jobs. When and only when all the jobs of the group [A] are executed, the jobs of the group [B] are executed. The code would look like:

from odoo.addons.queue_job.delay import group, chain

def button_done(self):
    group_a = group(self.delayable().method_foo(), self.delayable().method_bar())
    group_b = group(self.delayable().method_baz(1), self.delayable().method_baz(2))
    chain(group_a, group_b).delay()
    self.write({"state": "done"})
    return True

When a failure happens in a graph of jobs, the execution of the jobs that depend on the failed job stops. They remain in a state wait_dependencies until their “parent” job is successful. This can happen in two ways: either the parent job retries and is successful on a second try, either the parent job is manually “set to done” by a user. In these two cases, the dependency is resolved and the graph will continue to be processed. Alternatively, the failed job and all its dependent jobs can be canceled by a user. The other jobs of the graph that do not depend on the failed job continue their execution in any case.

Note: delay() must be called on the delayable, chain, or group which is at the top of the graph. In the example above, if it was called on group_a, then group_b would never be delayed (but a warning would be shown).

Enqueing Job Options

• priority: default is 10, the closest it is to 0, the faster it will be executed
• eta: Estimated Time of Arrival of the job. It will not be executed before this date/time
• max_retries: default is 5, maximum number of retries before giving up and set the job state to ‘failed’. A value of 0 means infinite retries.
• description: human description of the job. If not set, description is computed from the function doc or method name
• channel: the complete name of the channel to use to process the function. If specified it overrides the one defined on the function
• identity_key: key uniquely identifying the job, if specified and a job with the same key has not yet been run, the new job will not be created

Configure default options for jobs

In earlier versions, jobs could be configured using the @job decorator. This is now obsolete, they can be configured using optional queue.job.function and queue.job.channel XML records.

Example of channel:

<record id="channel_sale" model="queue.job.channel">
    <field name="name">sale</field>
    <field name="parent_id" ref="queue_job.channel_root" />
</record>

Example of job function:

<record id="job_function_sale_order_action_done" model="queue.job.function">
    <field name="model_id" ref="sale.model_sale_order" />
    <field name="method">action_done</field>
    <field name="channel_id" ref="channel_sale" />
    <field name="related_action" eval='{"func_name": "custom_related_action"}' />
    <field name="retry_pattern" eval="{1: 60, 2: 180, 3: 10, 5: 300}" />
</record>

The general form for the name is: <model.name>.method.

The channel, related action and retry pattern options are optional, they are documented below.

When writing modules, if 2+ modules add a job function or channel with the same name (and parent for channels), they’ll be merged in the same record, even if they have different xmlids. On uninstall, the merged record is deleted when all the modules using it are uninstalled.

Job function: model

If the function is defined in an abstract model, you can not write <field name="model_id" ref="xml_id_of_the_abstract_model"</field> but you have to define a function for each model that inherits from the abstract model.

Job function: channel

The channel where the job will be delayed. The default channel is root.

Job function: related action

The Related Action appears as a button on the Job’s view. The button will execute the defined action.

The default one is to open the view of the record related to the job (form view when there is a single record, list view for several records). In many cases, the default related action is enough and doesn’t need customization, but it can be customized by providing a dictionary on the job function:

{
    "enable": False,
    "func_name": "related_action_partner",
    "kwargs": {"name": "Partner"},
}

• enable: when False, the button has no effect (default: True)
• func_name: name of the method on queue.job that returns an action
• kwargs: extra arguments to pass to the related action method

Example of related action code:

class QueueJob(models.Model):
    _inherit = 'queue.job'

    def related_action_partner(self, name):
        self.ensure_one()
        model = self.model_name
        partner = self.records
        action = {
            'name': name,
            'type': 'ir.actions.act_window',
            'res_model': model,
            'view_type': 'form',
            'view_mode': 'form',
            'res_id': partner.id,
        }
        return action

Job function: retry pattern

When a job fails with a retryable error type, it is automatically retried later. By default, the retry is always 10 minutes later.

A retry pattern can be configured on the job function. What a pattern represents is “from X tries, postpone to Y seconds”. It is expressed as a dictionary where keys are tries and values are seconds to postpone as integers:

{
    1: 10,
    5: 20,
    10: 30,
    15: 300,
}

Based on this configuration, we can tell that:

• 5 first retries are postponed 10 seconds later
• retries 5 to 10 postponed 20 seconds later
• retries 10 to 15 postponed 30 seconds later
• all subsequent retries postponed 5 minutes later

Job Context

The context of the recordset of the job, or any recordset passed in arguments of a job, is transferred to the job according to an allow-list.

The default allow-list is (“tz”, “lang”, “allowed_company_ids”, “force_company”, “active_test”). It can be customized in Base._job_prepare_context_before_enqueue_keys. Bypass jobs on running Odoo

When you are developing (ie: connector modules) you might want to bypass the queue job and run your code immediately.

To do so you can set QUEUE_JOB__NO_DELAY=1 in your enviroment.

Bypass jobs in tests

When writing tests on job-related methods is always tricky to deal with delayed recordsets. To make your testing life easier you can set queue_job__no_delay=True in the context.

Tip: you can do this at test case level like this

@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
    super().setUpClass()
    cls.env = cls.env(context=dict(
        cls.env.context,
        queue_job__no_delay=True,  # no jobs thanks
    ))

Then all your tests execute the job methods synchronously without delaying any jobs.

Testing

Asserting enqueued jobs

The recommended way to test jobs, rather than running them directly and synchronously is to split the tests in two parts:

• one test where the job is mocked (trap jobs with trap_jobs() and the test only verifies that the job has been delayed with the expected arguments
• one test that only calls the method of the job synchronously, to validate the proper behavior of this method only

Proceeding this way means that you can prove that jobs will be enqueued properly at runtime, and it ensures your code does not have a different behavior in tests and in production (because running your jobs synchronously may have a different behavior as they are in the same transaction / in the middle of the method). Additionally, it gives more control on the arguments you want to pass when calling the job’s method (synchronously, this time, in the second type of tests), and it makes tests smaller.

The best way to run such assertions on the enqueued jobs is to use odoo.addons.queue_job.tests.common.trap_jobs().

A very small example (more details in tests/common.py):

# code
def my_job_method(self, name, count):
    self.write({"name": " ".join([name] * count)

def method_to_test(self):
    count = self.env["other.model"].search_count([])
    self.with_delay(priority=15).my_job_method("Hi!", count=count)
    return count

# tests
from odoo.addons.queue_job.tests.common import trap_jobs

# first test only check the expected behavior of the method and the proper
# enqueuing of jobs
def test_method_to_test(self):
    with trap_jobs() as trap:
        result = self.env["model"].method_to_test()
        expected_count = 12

        trap.assert_jobs_count(1, only=self.env["model"].my_job_method)
        trap.assert_enqueued_job(
            self.env["model"].my_job_method,
            args=("Hi!",),
            kwargs=dict(count=expected_count),
            properties=dict(priority=15)
        )
        self.assertEqual(result, expected_count)


 # second test to validate the behavior of the job unitarily
 def test_my_job_method(self):
     record = self.env["model"].browse(1)
     record.my_job_method("Hi!", count=12)
     self.assertEqual(record.name, "Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi!")

If you prefer, you can still test the whole thing in a single test, by calling jobs_tester.perform_enqueued_jobs() in your test.

def test_method_to_test(self):
    with trap_jobs() as trap:
        result = self.env["model"].method_to_test()
        expected_count = 12

        trap.assert_jobs_count(1, only=self.env["model"].my_job_method)
        trap.assert_enqueued_job(
            self.env["model"].my_job_method,
            args=("Hi!",),
            kwargs=dict(count=expected_count),
            properties=dict(priority=15)
        )
        self.assertEqual(result, expected_count)

        trap.perform_enqueued_jobs()

        record = self.env["model"].browse(1)
        record.my_job_method("Hi!", count=12)
        self.assertEqual(record.name, "Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi! Hi!")

Execute jobs synchronously when running Odoo

When you are developing (ie: connector modules) you might want to bypass the queue job and run your code immediately.

To do so you can set QUEUE_JOB__NO_DELAY=1 in your environment.

Warning

Do not do this in production

Execute jobs synchronously in tests

You should use trap_jobs, really, but if for any reason you could not use it, and still need to have job methods executed synchronously in your tests, you can do so by setting queue_job__no_delay=True in the context.

Tip: you can do this at test case level like this

@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
    super().setUpClass()
    cls.env = cls.env(context=dict(
        cls.env.context,
        queue_job__no_delay=True,  # no jobs thanks
    ))

Then all your tests execute the job methods synchronously without delaying any jobs.

In tests you’ll have to mute the logger like:

@mute_logger(‘odoo.addons.queue_job.models.base’)

Note

in graphs of jobs, the queue_job__no_delay context key must be in at least one job’s env of the graph for the whole graph to be executed synchronously

Tips and tricks

• Idempotency (https://www.restapitutorial.com/lessons/idempotency.html): The queue_job should be idempotent so they can be retried several times without impact on the data.
• The job should test at the very beginning its relevance: the moment the job will be executed is unknown by design. So the first task of a job should be to check if the related work is still relevant at the moment of the execution.

Patterns

Through the time, two main patterns emerged:

1. For data exposed to users, a model should store the data and the model should be the creator of the job. The job is kept hidden from the users
2. For technical data, that are not exposed to the users, it is generally alright to create directly jobs with data passed as arguments to the job, without intermediary models.