```ts
export function parseOption(segment: string): string[] {
  const eq = segment.indexOf("=");
  const key = segment.slice(0, eq);
  if (eq === -1 || !/^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/.test(key)) {
    throw new Error("malformed option segment: " + segment);
  }
  let raw = segment.slice(eq + 1);
  if (raw.length >= 2 && raw.startsWith('"') && raw.endsWith('"')) {
    raw = raw.slice(1, -1);
  }
  return [key, raw];
}

export function scanPairs(input: string): string[][] {
  if (typeof input !== "string" || input === "") {
    throw new Error("invalid input");
  }

  const pairs: { [key: string]: string } = {};
  let inQuotes = false;
  let currentSegment = "";
  for (let i = 0; i <= input.length; i++) {
    if (i < input.length && input[i] === '"') {
      inQuotes = !inQuotes;
    }
    if (i === input.length || (input[i] === ";" && !inQuotes)) {
      if (currentSegment.trim() !== "") {
        const parsed = parseOption(currentSegment);
        if (pairs[parsed[0]]) {
          throw new Error("repeated key: " + parsed[0]);
        }
        pairs[parsed[0]] = parsed[1];
      }
      currentSegment = "";
    } else {
      currentSegment += input[i];
    }
  }

  return Object.entries(pairs);
}
```