```python
def run_thermostat(start: int, low: int, high: int, power: int, drifts: list) -> dict:
    if not isinstance(start, int):
        raise ValueError("start must be an integer")
    if not isinstance(low, int) or low >= high:
        raise ValueError("low must be strictly below high")
    if not isinstance(high, int) or low >= high:
        raise ValueError("high must be greater than low")
    if not isinstance(power, int) or power <= 0:
        raise ValueError("power must be a positive integer")
    if not isinstance(drifts, list):
        raise ValueError("drifts must be a list")

    temp = start
    heated = 0
    switches = 0
    coldest = start

    for drift in drifts:
        if not isinstance(drift, int):
            raise ValueError("each drift must be an integer")
        
        # Check the state of the heater based on the current temperature
        if temp < low:
            heated += 1
            switches += 1
            temp += drift + power
            coldest = min(coldest, temp)
        elif temp >= high:
            heated -= 1
            switches += 1
            temp += drift - power
            coldest = min(coldest, temp)
        else:
            temp += drift

    return {"temp": temp, "heated": heated, "switches": switches, "coldest": coldest}
```