```ts
/**
 * Parse a semantic version string into its constituent parts.
 *
 * @param version The semantic version string to parse.
 */
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
    const match = version.match(/^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:-(.+))?(\+|\.)(.+))?$/);
    
    if (!match) {
        throw new Error(`Invalid semantic version: ${version}`);
    }
    
    const [, major, minor, patch, prerelease, build] = match;
    
    return {
        major: parseInt(major, 10),
        minor: parseInt(minor, 10),
        patch: parseInt(patch, 10),
        prerelease,
        build
    };
}
```