```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
  const reg = /^v?(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:-(\S+))?(?:\+(.+))?$/;
  if (!reg.test(version)) {
    throw new Error(`Invalid semantic version: ${version}`);
  }

  // Extract numbers
  const [, major, minor, patch, prerelease = null, build = null] = reg.exec(version) as [null, ...string[]];

  return { major, minor, patch, prerelease, build };
}
```