```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
    const pattern = /^v?(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)(-([0-9A-Za-z\-]+))?(+([0-9A-Za-z\-]+))$/;
    const match = version.match(pattern);

    if (!match) {
        throw new Error(`Invalid semver: ${version}`);
    }

    return {
        major: parseInt(match[1], 10),
        minor: parseInt(match[2], 10),
        patch: parseInt(match[3], 10),
        prerelease: match[5] ? match[5] : null,
        build: match[7] ? match[7] : null
    };
}
```