```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
    const semverPattern = /^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:-([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+))?(?:\+(.+))?$/;
    const match = version.match(semverPattern);

    if (!match) {
        throw new Error(`Invalid semantic version format: ${version}`);
    }

    const [_, major, minor, patch, prerelease, build] = match;

    return { major: parseInt(major, 10), minor: parseInt(minor, 10), patch: parseInt(patch, 10), prerelease, build };
}
```