```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
    const semverRegex = /^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:-([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+))?(?:\+([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+))?$/;
    const match = version.match(semverRegex);
    
    if (!match) {
        throw new Error('Invalid semver format');
    }
    
    const [_, major, minor, patch, prerelease, build] = match;
    
    return {
        major: parseInt(major, 10),
        minor: parseInt(minor, 10),
        patch: parseInt(patch, 10),
        prerelease: prerelease || null,
        build: build || null
    };
}
```