```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
    const semverRegex = /^(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:-(.*?))?(?:\+(.*))?$/;
    const match = version.match(semverRegex);

    if (!match) {
        throw new Error(`Invalid semver: ${version}`);
    }

    const [, major, minor, patch, prerelease, build] = match.slice(1);
    return {
        major: parseInt(major, 10),
        minor: parseInt(minor, 10),
        patch: parseInt(patch, 10),
        prerelease,
        build
    };
}
```