```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
  const pattern = /^([1-9]\d*|0)\.([1-9]\d*|0)\.([1-9]\d*|0)(-(?<prerelease>(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\-\*\+]+))){0,1}(\+(?<build>[a-zA-Z0-9\-\*\+]+)){0,1}$/;
  const match = version.match(pattern);
  if (!match) {
    throw new Error('Invalid input');
  }
  return {
    major: parseInt(match[1]),
    minor: parseInt(match[2]),
    patch: parseInt(match[3]),
    prerelease: match.groups?.['prerelease'] || null,
    build: match.groups?.['build'] || null,
  };
}
```