```typescript
/**
 * Parses a semantic version string into its constituent parts.
 *
 * @param version The semantic version string to parse.
 */
export function parseSemver(version: string): {
  major: number;
  minor: number;
  patch: number;
  prerelease?: string | null;
  build?: string | null;
} {
  const match = version.match(/^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)([-\w\./]+)?(\\|+)?(.*)$/);
  
  if (!match) {
    throw new Error(`Invalid semver: ${version}`);
  }
  
  const [, major, minor, patch] = match.slice(1).map(Number);
  
  return {
    major,
    minor,
    patch,
    prerelease: match[3],
    build: match[5],
  };
}
```