```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
    const regex = /^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:-(\w+))?(?:\+(\w+))?$/;
    const match = version.match(regex);
    
    if (!match) {
        throw new Error(`Invalid semver version: ${version}`);
    }
    
    const [_, major, minor, patch, prerelease = null, build = null] = match;
    
    return {
        major: parseInt(major, 10),
        minor: parseInt(minor, 10),
        patch: parseInt(patch, 10),
        prerelease,
        build
    };
}
```