 ```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
    const regex = /^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:-([0-9A-Za-z-]+(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z-]+)*))?(?:\+([0-9A-Za-z-]+(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z-]+)*))?$/;
    const match = version.match(regex);
    
    if (!match) {
        throw new Error(`Invalid semver string: ${version}`);
    }

    const major = parseInt(match[1], 10);
    const minor = parseInt(match[2], 10);
    const patch = parseInt(match[3], 10);
    const prerelease = match[4] || null;
    const build = match[5] || null;

    return { major, minor, patch, prerelease, build };
}
```