```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
  const semverRegex = /^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:-(.+?))?(?:\+(.+))?$/;
  const match = version.match(semverRegex);

  if (!match) {
    throw new Error(`Invalid semver version: ${version}`);
  }

  const major = parseInt(match[1], 10);
  const minor = parseInt(match[2], 10);
  const patch = parseInt(match[3], 10);

  if (major !== +match[1] || minor !== +match[2] || patch !== +match[3]) {
    throw new Error(`Invalid semver version: ${version}`);
  }

  return {
    major,
    minor,
    patch,
    prerelease: match[4] ?? null,
    build: match[5] ?? null
  };
}
```