```ts
export function parseSemver(version: string): { major: number; minor: number; patch: number; prerelease: string | null; build: string | null } {
    const semverRegex = /^(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:-(\w[\.\w]*))?(?:\+(\w[\.\w]*))?$/;
    const match = version.match(semverRegex);
    
    if (!match) {
        throw new Error(`Invalid semver version: ${version}`);
    }
    
    return {
        major: parseInt(match[1], 10),
        minor: parseInt(match[2], 10),
        patch: parseInt(match[3], 10),
        prerelease: match[4] || null,
        build: match[5] || null
    };
}
```