```python
def flag_states(mask: int, catalog: list) -> dict:
    if not isinstance(mask, int) or mask < 0:
        raise ValueError("Mask must be a non-negative integer")
    if not isinstance(catalog, list) or not catalog:
        raise ValueError("Catalog must be a non-empty list of strings")
    if len(catalog) > 31:
        raise ValueError("Catalog must not be longer than the machine word size")
    for name in catalog:
        if not isinstance(name, str) or not name:
            raise ValueError("Catalog names must be non-empty strings")
    if len(set(catalog)) != len(catalog):
        raise ValueError("Catalog must not contain repeated names")

    state = {name: (mask & (1 << i)) != 0 for i, name in enumerate(catalog)}
    return state
```