```ts
export function divideCoefficients(dividend: number[], divisor: number[]): number[][] {
  // Validate inputs
  if (!Array.isArray(dividend) || !Array.isArray(divisor)) {
    throw new Error("Both arguments must be arrays.");
  }
  if (divisor.length === 0) {
    throw new Error("Divisor cannot be an empty array.");
  }
  if (dividend.some(coef => !Number.isInteger(coef) || coef < 0) || divisor.some(coef => !Number.isInteger(coef) || coef < 0)) {
    throw new Error("Coefficients must be non-negative whole numbers.");
  }
  if (dividend.length > 0 && dividend[dividend.length - 1] === 0 || divisor[divisor.length - 1] === 0) {
    throw new Error("Runs must not end in a zero.");
  }

  const quotient: number[] = [];
  const rest = [...dividend];

  while (rest.length >= divisor.length) {
    const leadingDividend = rest[rest.length - 1];
    const leadingDivisor = divisor[divisor.length - 1];
    if (leadingDividend % leadingDivisor !== 0) {
      throw new Error("Leading coefficient of the dividend is not an exact multiple of the divisor's leading coefficient.");
    }

    const factor = leadingDividend / leadingDivisor;
    quotient.push(factor);

    for (let i = 0; i < divisor.length; i++) {
      rest[rest.length - divisor.length + i] -= factor * divisor[i];
    }

    // Remove leading zeros from the remainder
    while (rest.length > 0 && rest[rest.length - 1] === 0) {
      rest.pop();
    }
  }

  return [quotient, rest];
}
```