```python
def outline_diff(before: dict, after: dict) -> list:
    def compare(out1, out2, path=[]):
        added = []
        removed = []
        for key in out2:
            if key not in out1:
                added.append("added " + "/".join(path + [key]))
            else:
                compare(out1[key], out2[key], path + [key])
        for key in out1:
            if key not in out2:
                removed.append("removed " + "/".join(path + [key]))
        return added, removed

    added, removed = compare(before, after)
    return sorted(added + removed)
```