```python
"""Walks a courier relay directory station by station."""


def trace_relay(links: dict, start: str) -> list:
    if not isinstance(start, str) or start not in links:
        raise ValueError("unknown starting station")
    path = []
    current = start
    visited = set()
    visited.add(current)
    while current != "" and current not in visited:
        path.append(current)
        target = links[current]
        if target == "" or target not in links:
            return path
        if target in visited:
            raise ValueError("circular relay detected")
        visited.add(target)
        current = target
    return path
```