```python
def stamp_build(major: int, minor: int, patch: int) -> int:
    """
    Calculate the firmware release stamp based on major, minor, and patch components.
    
    Parameters:
    major (int): The major component of the release.
    minor (int): The minor component of the release.
    patch (int): The patch component of the release.
    
    Returns:
    int: The calculated stamp.
    
    Raises:
    ValueError: If any component is not a whole number, negative, or greater than 1000.
    """
    if not (isinstance(major, int) and isinstance(minor, int) and isinstance(patch, int)):
        raise ValueError("All components must be integers.")
    if major < 0 or minor < 0 or patch < 0:
        raise ValueError("All components must be non-negative.")
    if major == 0 and minor == 0 and patch == 0:
        raise ValueError("A release with no components (0, 0, 0) has no stamp.")
    if major >= 1000 or minor >= 1000 or patch >= 1000:
        raise ValueError("Components cannot be greater than or equal to 1000.")
    
    stamp = patch
    if minor > 0:
        stamp += 1000 * minor
    if major > 0:
        stamp += 1000000 * major
    
    return stamp
```