```python
def strip_tags(line: str) -> str:
    """
    Strip all tags from a line of text, removing every marker from a line of text,
    a marker being an opening angle bracket, everything up to the next closing bracket,
    and that bracket. An opening bracket that is never closed removes everything from there to the end of the line.
    """
    if not line:
        return ""

    result = []
    depth = 0
    for char in line:
        if char == '<':
            depth += 1
        elif char == '>':
            depth -= 1
            if depth == 0:
                result.append(char)
                break
    return ''.join(result)
```