---
title: "Overview of interviews"
source: 18F Guides
source_url: https://github.com/18F/guides
licence: CC0-1.0
domain: engineering
subdomain: 18f-guides
date_added: 2026-04-25
---

Interviews typically happen in a single day, back-to-back for four hours, with a 30 minute break in the middle. The candidate will be in the same video meeting room for all interviews, to reduce stress associated with interviewers who may run a few minutes long.

## The golden rule

The interviewer’s role is to **find a reason not to hire, without being a jerk**. This sounds rough, but there are several good reasons to approach an interview this way:

- **Hiring the wrong person is a much worse outcome than not hiring a good fit.** Research bears this out: [toxic employees are a massive drain on an organization](https://hbr.org/2015/12/its-better-to-avoid-a-toxic-employee-than-hire-a-superstar), producing much more harm than the best employees produce good. Also, it’s far easier to undo a “no hire” than it is to undo a failed hire.

- There are always more qualified applicants. 18F has a high profile, and we don't struggle to find good candidates. So, we can afford to be super-selective.

- If you approach an interview looking for a reason to hire someone: you’ll find it. Everyone has good qualities; they wouldn’t have made it to interview if not.

- If, on the other hand, you approach an interview looking for a reason *not* to hire, and don’t find any — well, that’s a pretty great indicator that you’ve got a fantastic candidate.

Now, **this isn’t an excuse to be a jerk!** Being selective is important, but so is being nice. We can have high standards without being mean about it. This means:

- **Be friendly and conversational.** This isn’t an interrogation; it’s a two-way conversation. It’s entirely possible — easy, even — to be casual and conversational while also asking tough questions. You do it every day when you interact with your colleagues and discuss work topics; pretend the candidate is one of those co-workers.

- It’s okay to ask tough questions, dig deep, and be skeptical — but **absolutely not okay to mock or belittle someone for a weak or incorrect answer**. If someone gives an answer that’s weak or that you disagree with, just take a note and move on. Especially watch out for subtle forms of putting people down for lack of knowledge (like [feigning surprise](https://www.recurse.com/manual#no-feigned-surprise)).

- **Forgive a first mistake**. In an hour of interviewing, it’s almost a certainty that a candidate will make a mistake. Maybe they’ll get a technical thing wrong; maybe they’ll have a weak answer to one of your questions; maybe they’ll refer to engineers as “guys”. If this happens once: no big deal! Everyone makes mistakes. But, take a note, and watch for it to happen again. And compare notes with other interviewers at the end. Single mistakes are no big deal, but a pattern is a problem, so watch for it.

- **If you come to a conclusion very quickly, in the first few minutes of the interview, spend the rest of the interview trying to disprove that snap judgement.** Snap judgement are much more likely to be prone to bias than considered ones. We tend to jump to conclusions and then look for evidence to support our hypothesis. To compensate, if you find you’ve reached a Yes/No conclusion very quickly, spend the rest of the interview trying to disprove that hypothesis. Explicitly look for evidence that you’re wrong. If you’ve decided immediately that a candidate is not qualified, ask targeted questions and spend rest of the interview trying as hard as you can to find evidence that they are qualified.

## Using Slack appropriately

Slack can be a helpful way to make sure an interview panel is moving smoothly, and we encourage you to start a group message with the other interviewers in your loop.

✅ Some appropriate uses of Slack include:

- Sharing a candidate’s interview schedule for the day.
- Communicating about interview timing.
- Asking another interviewer to probe on a specific area (without saying *why*).
- Suggesting that an interviewer share an experience that might resonate with a candidate based on your conversation.

❌ Some inappropriate uses include:
- Sharing any of the candidate’s personal information, including their full name, phone number, email or a pdf of their resume. Instead stick with the candidate’s first name and use the Google application link provided by the TTS Talent team.
- Discussing red flags, positive signs, or general impressions about a candidate.

## Quick DOs and DON'Ts

- Smile, be friendly, and help the candidate present their best self. Don't “turn up the pressure” or purposefully intimidate the candidate.

- Follow the questions in the interview guide. If you see ways that the guide could be better, make suggestions to the hiring manager instead of inventing your own set of questions.

- Don't ever ask about [anything related to a protected class](https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4037-illegal-interview-questions.html). Stick to the questions in the interview guide and be mindful of your follow up questions.

- If you have trouble understanding a candidate's response for any reason (ex. phone interference, quiet voice, accented speech, etc), politely ask them to repeat themself. It may feel uncomfortable to ask the same question again, but it's not fair to the candidate for you to move on without making sure you understand their response. Ask follow up questions if you need clarification around an issue.

- Ask them if they can give you a concrete example that illustrates what they’ve told you – sometimes people get nervous and forget to give concrete examples! That doesn't mean they aren't a good fit for the role; it means they are nervous.

- Treat the interview as a two-way conversation. Help the candidate learn more about life at 18F, too. Be honest about the good *and* the bad, so that candidates make informed choices.

- Don't promise things you can’t deliver or answer questions you aren’t sure of (ex. promotions, pay scale, locality, projects, start dates, offer process). Instead, refer the candidate to the TTS Talent team.

## Preparing for the interview

- Before you begin each interview, **remind yourself to watch out for unconscious bias**. Remember that we’re especially susceptible to assume that underrepresented minorities — women, people of color, etc. — are less qualified than their white male counterparts. Be wary of “gut decisions” that aren’t backed up by specific behavior you’ve noted during the interview (this is one reason we ask behavioral questions, and try to take notes behaviorally).

- Spend some time becoming familiar with the candidates resume, which is always attached to calendar events.

- Review any other links provided with the resume, e.g. Github and LinkedIn.

- Do not look up the candidate on social media sites that they have not provided.

- Watch your blood sugar. Consider having a snack before you interview the candidate, so that you're at your best.

- Make sure you have a good place to take notes.

- Check in with the other interviewers to see if there are any topics you should make sure to cover.

## Follow the guides

**We have interview guides on this site; please follow them!**

These guides exist for a reason: by asking all candidates the same questions, we can can try to get consistency. The questions in the guides are behavioral in nature, designed to get candidates talking about specific situations and how they handled them. Guidelines are suggested for evaluating the strength of the answers.

There are two more questions not in the guides that you might want to ask:

- **“Tell me about yourself”**: this is a great opening question, and gives a candidate a chance to “sell” themselves. It can also suggest which follow-up questions from the interview guide will be the best to ask next, and can guide the direction of the interview from then on out. If you ask this question, it’s probably appropriate to spend maybe 5-10 minutes on it.

- **“Do you have any questions for me?”**: this is a good final question; it gives candidates a chance to ask *you* something they might be wondering. It can also reveal some of a candidate’s values. I like to leave about 5-10 minutes at the end of the interview to ask this question.

Whenever possible, ask these questions exactly as they’re worded to try to get consistency between multiple candidates.

### … but not dogmatically.

It’s important to start with the guides… **but the real meat of the interview is in how you follow-up**, dig deep, and ask questions. Don’t hesitate to interrupt if a candidate is going on a tangent you don’t have time for: they’ll be thankful for you keeping them on track.

Follow-ups are also how you get technical information out of behavior questions. Push candidates to get super-specific about their tool choices, how well they know/use those tools, what their experiences were, etc.

Because these questions are behavioral, it’s important that you really understand a candidate’s answers. If they tell you about a decision they made, don’t just leave it at that: make sure you understand why they made that decision, how their decision-making process went, what other options they considered, what they’d do differently in the future, and so forth. **You should probably be spending 5-15 minutes on each question**, between letting the candidate answer and your follow-ups.

This means you definitely won’t get to all the questions in the guides. This is fine! I typically start with the same couple of questions, but then let the candidate’s answers determine where I go next.

**Check the candidate documents before the interview begins**: you can review the candidate’s response, and the phone screener may have left notes about what to dig for in interviews; this can help you choose your questions wisely. (These notes should also be in your calendar invite.)

## Take behavioral notes

When interviewing, **please take notes — the more detailed, the better**. Try to note *what the candidate says*, rather than your impressions — that will help you share *behavioral* reasons for your conclusions and decisions. That is, try to write down what the candidate said or did, rather than how you felt about it. For example:

- Good: “candidate ‘forced engineers to do \$X’” (captures what a candidate said)

- Bad: “candidate has an adversarial relationship with engineers” (interpretation of what they said above)

- Good: “candidate has maintained an \$X as an open source module for 2.5 years” (captures what a candidate did)

- Bad: “candidate is a good open source maintainer” (your feelings/interpretations of what they’ve done)

When the interview is done, use your notes to complete the feedback form in the interview calendar invite, which will prepare you for the [debrief meeting]({{ '../debrief/' | url }}).

## What to do if there is a disaster

If something really huge went wrong, or if there’s a massive red flag, talk the Hiring Manager and Talent about possibly ending interviews early.

This is a pretty rare and extreme thing; someone would have to exhibit truly out-of-line behavior to consider this. For example: repeated sexist behavior, telling an obvious and egregious lie and doubling-down when challenged, showing up to an interview intoxicated, etc (these are all things that have actually happened). Something this bad is rare, but if it happens, it’s not worth continuing.

If you get a massive red flag: ping Talent and the Hiring Manager and we’ll decide if we should stop at this point.
