Heisenberg Chain

Purpose and structure

The anisotropic nearest-neighbor Heisenberg chain supports independent $XX$, $YY$, and $ZZ$ couplings and a uniform longitudinal field. It is useful for spin correlations, symmetry studies, and exact-diagonalization benchmarks.

$$ H=\sum_i(J_xX_iX_{i+1}+J_yY_iY_{i+1}+J_zZ_iZ_{i+1}) +g\sum_iZ_i. $$

The package uses Pauli products directly and a positive sign for field.

Basis and scaling

The computational basis has dimension $2^N$. The builder returns a dense matrix with Pauli-term metadata.

Package use

from quantum_lattice_models import heisenberg_chain

H = heisenberg_chain(n_sites=5, jx=1.0, jy=0.8, jz=1.2, field=0.1)

Parameters

Builder Parameter Type Default Constraint
heisenberg_chain n_sites int 4 >= 1
heisenberg_chain jx float 1.0
heisenberg_chain jy float 1.0
heisenberg_chain jz float 1.0
heisenberg_chain field float 0.0
heisenberg_chain periodic bool False

Validation and cautions

Hermiticity and real spectra are tested. The isotropic limit is $J_x=J_y=J_z$. Sparse and fixed-magnetization construction remain roadmap work.

Related: XXZ chain, Heisenberg ladder.