Coverage for pygeodesy/constants.py: 100%

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1# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 

2 

3u'''Single-instance C{float} and C{int} constants across C{pygeodesy} 

4modules and related functions L{pygeodesy.float_}, L{pygeodesy.isclose}, 

5L{pygeodesy.isfinite}, L{pygeodesy.isinf}, L{pygeodesy.isint0}, 

6L{pygeodesy.isnan}, L{pygeodesy.isnear0}, L{pygeodesy.isnear1}, 

7L{pygeodesy.isnear90}, L{pygeodesy.isneg0}, L{pygeodesy.isninf}, 

8L{pygeodesy.isnon0} and L{pygeodesy.remainder}. 

9''' 

10# make sure int/int division yields float quotient, see .basics 

11from __future__ import division as _; del _ # PYCHOK semicolon 

12 

13from pygeodesy.basics import _0_0, _copysign, isbool, iscomplex, isint 

14from pygeodesy.errors import _xError, _xError2, _xkwds_get, _ALL_LAZY 

15from pygeodesy.interns import _INF_, _NAN_, _UNDER_ 

16# from pygeodesy.lazily import _ALL_LAZY # from .errors 

17# from pygeodesy.streprs import Fmt # from .unitsBase 

18from pygeodesy.unitsBase import Float, Int, Radius, Fmt 

19 

20from math import fabs, isinf, isnan, pi as _pi, sqrt 

21try: 

22 from math import inf as _inf, nan as _nan # PYCHOK Python 3+ 

23except ImportError: # Python 2- 

24 _inf, _nan = float(_INF_), float(_NAN_) 

25 

26__all__ = _ALL_LAZY.constants 

27__version__ = '23.05.31' 

28 

29 

30def _Float(**name_arg): 

31 '''(INTERNAL) New named, cached C{Float}. 

32 ''' 

33 n, arg = name_arg.popitem() 

34 return Float(_float(arg), name=n) 

35 

36 

37def _Radius(**name_arg): 

38 '''(INTERNAL) New named, cached C{Radius}. 

39 ''' 

40 n, arg = name_arg.popitem() 

41 return Radius(_float(arg), name=n) 

42 

43 

44def float_(*fs, **sets): # sets=False 

45 '''Get scalars as C{float} or I{intern}'ed C{float}. 

46 

47 @arg fs: One more values (C{scalar}), all positional. 

48 @kwarg sets: Use C{B{sets}=True} to C{intern} each 

49 B{C{fs}}, otherwise don't C{intern}. 

50 

51 @return: A single C{float} if only one B{C{fs}} is 

52 given, otherwise a tuple of C{float}s. 

53 

54 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{fs}} is not C{scalar}. 

55 ''' 

56 fl = [] 

57 _f = _floats.setdefault if _xkwds_get(sets, sets=False) else \ 

58 _floats.get 

59 try: 

60 for i, f in enumerate(fs): 

61 f = float(f) 

62 fl.append(_f(f, f)) 

63 except Exception as x: 

64 E, t = _xError2(x) 

65 fs_i = Fmt.SQUARE(fs=i) 

66 raise E(fs_i, f, txt=t) 

67 return fl[0] if len(fl) == 1 else tuple(fl) 

68 

69 

70def _float(f): # in .datums, .ellipsoids, ... 

71 '''(INTERNAL) Cache initial C{float}s. 

72 ''' 

73 f = float(f) 

74 return _floats.setdefault(f, f) # PYCHOK del _floats 

75 

76 

77def float0_(*xs): 

78 '''Yield C{B{x}s} as a non-NEG0 C{float}. 

79 ''' 

80 for x in xs: 

81 yield float(x) if x else _0_0 

82 

83 

84def _float0(f): # in .resections, .vector3dBase, ... 

85 '''(INTERNAL) Return C{float(B{f})} or C{INT0}. 

86 ''' 

87 if f: 

88 f = float(f) 

89 f = _floats.get(f, f) 

90 elif f is not INT0: 

91 f = _0_0 

92 return f 

93 

94 

95def _floatuple(*fs): 

96 '''(INTERNAL) Cache a tuple of C{float}s. 

97 ''' 

98 return tuple(map(_float, fs)) 

99 

100 

101def _1_over(x): 

102 '''(INTERNAL) Return reciprocal C{1 / B{x}}. 

103 ''' 

104 return _float(_1_0 / float(x)) 

105 

106 

107_floats = {} # PYCHOK floats cache, in .__main__ 

108# _float = float # PYCHOK expected 

109# del _floats # XXX zap floats cache never 

110 

111_0_0 = _float( _0_0) # PYCHOK expected 

112_0_0_1T = _0_0, # PYCHOK 1-tuple 

113_0_0_9T = _0_0_1T * 9 # PYCHOK 9-tuple 

114_0_0001 = _float( 0.0001) # PYCHOK expected 

115_0_001 = _float( 0.001) # PYCHOK expected 

116_0_01 = _float( 0.01) # PYCHOK expected 

117_0_1 = _float( 0.1) # PYCHOK expected 

118_0_125 = _float( 0.125) # PYCHOK expected 

119_0_25 = _float( 0.25) # PYCHOK expected 

120_0_26 = _float( 0.26) # PYCHOK expected 

121_0_5 = _float( 0.5) # PYCHOK expected 

122_1_0 = _float( 1) # PYCHOK expected 

123_1_0_1T = _1_0, # PYCHOK 1-tuple 

124_1_5 = _float( 1.5) # PYCHOK expected 

125_1_75 = _float( 1.75) # PYCHOK expected 

126_2_0 = _float( 2) # PYCHOK expected 

127_3_0 = _float( 3) # PYCHOK expected 

128_4_0 = _float( 4) # PYCHOK expected 

129_5_0 = _float( 5) # PYCHOK expected 

130_6_0 = _float( 6) # PYCHOK expected 

131_8_0 = _float( 8) # PYCHOK expected 

132_9_0 = _float( 9) # PYCHOK expected 

133_10_0 = _float( 10) # PYCHOK expected 

134_16_0 = _float( 16) # PYCHOK expected 

135_32_0 = _float( 32) # PYCHOK expected 

136_60_0 = _float( 60) # PYCHOK expected 

137_90_0 = _float( 90) # PYCHOK expected 

138_100_0 = _float( 100) # PYCHOK expected 

139_180_0 = _float( 180) # PYCHOK expected 

140_270_0 = _float( 270) # PYCHOK expected 

141_360_0 = _float( 360) # PYCHOK expected 

142_400_0 = _float( 400) # PYCHOK expected 

143_720_0 = _float( 720) # PYCHOK expected 

144_1000_0 = _float(1000) # PYCHOK expected 

145_3600_0 = _float(3600) # PYCHOK expected 

146 

147_N_0_0 = float( '-0.0') # PYCHOK NOT _float! 

148_N_0_5 = _float( -_0_5) # PYCHOK expected 

149_N_1_0 = _float( -_1_0) # PYCHOK expected 

150_N_2_0 = _float( -_2_0) # PYCHOK expected 

151_N_90_0 = _float( -_90_0) # PYCHOK expected 

152_N_180_0 = _float(-_180_0) # PYCHOK expected 

153 

154_M_KM = _1000_0 # meter per Kilo meter, see .utily 

155_M_NM = _float(1852.0) # meter per Nautical Mile 

156_M_SM = _float(1609.344) # meter per Statute Mile 

157 

158try: 

159 from sys import float_info as _f_i 

160 # @see: <https://NumPy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.finfo.html> 

161 DIG = Int( DIG =_f_i.dig) # PYCHOK system's float decimal digits 

162 EPS = _Float(EPS =_f_i.epsilon) # PYCHOK system's EPSilon 

163 MANT_DIG = Int( MANT_DIG=_f_i.mant_dig) # PYCHOK system's float mantissa bits 

164 MAX = _Float(MAX =_f_i.max) # PYCHOK system's MAX float 1.7976931348623157e+308 

165# MAX_EXP = Int( MAX_EXP =_f_i.max_exp) # PYTHON system's max base 2 exponent 

166 MIN = _Float(MIN =_f_i.min) # PYCHOK system's MIN float 2.2250738585072014e-308 

167# MIN_EXP = Int( MIN_EXP =_f_i.min_exp) # PYTHON system's min base 2 exponent 

168# RADIX = Int( RADIX =_f_i.radix) # PYTHON system's float base 

169 del _f_i 

170except ImportError: # PYCHOK no cover 

171 DIG = Int( DIG =15) # PYCHOK system's 64-bit float decimal digits 

172 EPS = _Float(EPS =2.220446049250313e-16) # PYCHOK EPSilon 2**-52, M{EPS +/- 1 != 1} 

173 MANT_DIG = Int( MANT_DIG=53) # PYCHOK float mantissa bits ≈ 53 (C{int}) 

174 MAX = _Float(MAX =pow(_2_0, 1023) * (_2_0 - EPS)) # PYCHOK ≈ 10**308 

175# MAX_EXP = Int( MAX_ESP =1024) # 308 base 10 

176 MIN = _Float(MIN =pow(_2_0, -1021)) # PYCHOK ≈ 10**-308 

177# MIN_EXP = Int(MIN_EXP =-1021) # -307 base 10 

178# RADIX = Int(Radix =2) # base 

179 

180EPS0 = _Float( EPS0 = EPS**2) # PYCHOK near-/non-zero comparison 4.930381e-32, or EPS or EPS_2 

181EPS02 = _Float( EPS02 = EPS**4) # PYCHOK near-zero-squared comparison 2.430865e-63 

182EPS_2 = _Float( EPS_2 = EPS / _2_0) # PYCHOK ≈ 1.110223024625e-16 

183EPS1 = _Float( EPS1 =_1_0 - EPS) # PYCHOK ≈ 0.9999999999999998 

184EPS2 = _Float( EPS2 = EPS * _2_0) # PYCHOK ≈ 4.440892098501e-16 

185EPS4 = _Float( EPS4 = EPS * _4_0) # PYCHOK ≈ 8.881784197001e-16 

186# _1EPS = _Float(_1EPS =_1_0 + EPS) # PYCHOK ≈ 1.0000000000000002 

187_1_EPS = _Float(_1_EPS =_1_0 / EPS) # PYCHOK = 4503599627370496.0 

188# _2_EPS = _Float(_2_EPS =_2_0 / EPS) # PYCHOK = 9007199254740992.0 

189_EPS2e4 = _Float(_EPS2e4 = EPS2 * 1.e4) # PYCHOK ≈ 4.440892098501e-12 

190_EPS4e8 = _Float(_EPS4e8 = EPS4 * 1.e8) # PYCHOK ≈ 8.881784197001e-08 

191_EPSmin = _Float(_EPSmin = sqrt(MIN)) # PYCHOK = 1.49166814624e-154 

192_EPSqrt = _Float(_EPSqrt = sqrt(EPS)) # PYCHOK = 1.49011611938e5-08 

193_EPStol = _Float(_EPStol =_EPSqrt * _0_1) # PYCHOK = 1.49011611938e5-09 == sqrt(EPS * _0_01) 

194 

195_89_999_ = _Float(_89_999_= EPS1 * _90_0) # just below 90.0 

196# <https://Numbers.Computation.Free.FR/Constants/Miscellaneous/digits.html> 

197_1__90 = _Float(_1__90 =_1_0 / _90_0) # PYCHOK = 0.011_111_111_111_111_111_111_111_111_111_111_111_111_111_111_11111 

198_2__PI = _Float(_2__PI =_2_0 / _pi) # PYCHOK = 0.636_619_772_367_581_343_075_535_053_490_057_448_137_838_582_96182 

199 

200_1_16th = _Float(_1_16th =_1_0 / _16_0) # PYCHOK in .ellipsoids, .karney 

201_1_64th = _Float(_1_64th =_1_0 / 64) # PYCHOK in .elliptic, pow(2.0, -6) 

202_1_3rd = _Float(_1_3rd =_1_0 / _3_0) # PYCHOK in .fmath 

203_2_3rd = _Float(_2_3rd =_2_0 / _3_0) # PYCHOK in .fmath 

204 

205_K0_UTM = _Float(_K0_UTM = 0.9996) # PYCHOK in .etm, .ktm, .utm, UTM scale at central meridian 

206# sqrt(2) <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Square_root_of_2> 

207# 1.414213562373095_048_801_688_724_209_698_078_569_671_875_376_948_073_176_679_737_99 

208# _1SQRT2= _Float(_1SQRT2 =sqrt(_2_0) + 1) 

209_SQRT2_2 = _Float(_SQRT2_2=sqrt(_0_5)) # PYCHOK = 0.707106781186547_6 == sqrt(2) / 2 

210 

211INF = Float(INF =_inf) # PYCHOK INFinity, see function L{isinf}, L{isfinite}, NOT _Float! 

212INT0 = Int( INT0= 0) # PYCHOK unique int(0) instance, see .fsums, useZ=False 

213NAN = Float(NAN =_nan) # PYCHOK Not-A-Number, see function L{isnan}, NOT _Float! 

214NEG0 = Float(NEG0=_N_0_0) # PYCHOK NEGative 0.0, see function L{isneg0}, NOT _Float! 

215NINF = Float(NINF=-INF) # PYCHOK Negative INFinity, NOT _Float! 

216 

217PI = _Float(PI =_pi) 

218PI2 = _Float(PI2 =_pi * _2_0) # PYCHOK Two PI, M{PI * 2} aka I{Tau} 

219PI_2 = _Float(PI_2 =_pi / _2_0) # PYCHOK Half PI, M{PI / 2} 

220PI3 = _Float(PI3 =_pi * _3_0) # PYCHOK Three PI, M{PI * 3} 

221PI3_2 = _Float(PI3_2=_pi * _1_5) # PYCHOK PI and a half, M{PI * 3 / 2} 

222PI_3 = _Float(PI_3 =_pi / _3_0) # PYCHOK One third PI, M{PI / 3} 

223PI4 = _Float(PI4 =_pi * _4_0) # PYCHOK Four PI, M{PI * 4} 

224PI_4 = _Float(PI_4 =_pi / _4_0) # PYCHOK Quarter PI, M{PI / 4} 

225 

226R_MA = _Radius(R_MA=6378137.0) # PYCHOK equatorial earth radius (C{meter}), WGS84, EPSG:3785 

227R_MB = _Radius(R_MB=6356752.3) # PYCHOK polar earth radius (C{meter}), WGS84, EPSG:3785 

228R_M = _Radius(R_M =6371008.771415) # PYCHOK mean, spherical earth radius (C{meter}) 

229R_KM = _Radius(R_KM=R_M / _M_KM) # PYCHOK mean, spherical earth radius (C{KM}, Kilo meter) 

230R_NM = _Radius(R_NM=R_M / _M_NM) # PYCHOK mean, spherical earth radius (C{NM}, nautical miles) 

231R_SM = _Radius(R_SM=R_M / _M_SM) # PYCHOK mean, spherical earth radius (C{SM}, statute miles) 

232# See <https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm>, <https://www.DTIC.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a216843.pdf> 

233# and <https://GitHub.com/NASA/MultiDop/blob/master/src/share/man/man3/geog_lib.3> based on the 

234# International Standard Nautical Mile of 1,852 meter (1' latitude) 

235R_FM = _Radius(R_FM=6371000.0) # PYCHOK former FAI Sphere earth radius (C{meter}) 

236R_GM = _Radius(R_GM=6371230.0) # PYCHOK avg. radius, distance to geoid surface (C{meter}) 

237# <http://Wiki.GIS.com/wiki/index.php/Ellipsoidal_quadratic_mean_radius> 

238R_QM = _Radius(R_QM=6372797.560856) # PYCHOK earth' quadratic mean radius (C{meter}) 

239# Rtri= _Radius(Rtri=6372797.5559594) # PYCHOK Rtriaxial quadratic mean radius (C{meter}), WGS84 

240# Rbi = _Radius(Rbi =6367453.6345163) # PYCHOK Rbiaxial quadratic mean radius (C{meter}), WGS84 

241R_VM = _Radius(R_VM=6366707.0194937) # PYCHOK aViation/naVigation earth radius (C{meter}) 

242# R_AU= Meter( R_AU=149597870700.0) # PYCHOK <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit> 

243 

244_INF_NAN_NINF = INF, NAN, NINF 

245_pos_self = _1_0.__pos__() is _1_0 # PYCHOK in .fsums, .vector3dBase 

246 

247 

248def _0_0s(n): 

249 '''(INTERNAL) Return an C{B{n}-tuple} of C{_0_0} zeros. 

250 ''' 

251 return _0_0_9T[:n] if 0 <= n <= len(_0_0_9T) else (_0_0_1T * n) 

252 

253 

254try: 

255 from math import isclose as _isclose 

256except ImportError: # Python 3.4- 

257 

258 def _isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-9, abs_tol=0): 

259 '''Mimick Python 3.5+ C{math.isclose}. 

260 ''' 

261 t, d = abs_tol, fabs(a - b) 

262 if d > t: 

263 r = max(fabs(a), fabs(b)) * rel_tol 

264 t = max(r, t) 

265 return d <= t 

266 

267 

268def isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-12, abs_tol=EPS0): 

269 '''Like C{math.isclose}, but with defaults such 

270 that C{isclose(0, EPS0)} is C{True} by default. 

271 ''' 

272 return _isclose(a, b, rel_tol=rel_tol, abs_tol=abs_tol) 

273 

274 

275try: 

276 from math import isfinite as _isfinite # in .ellipsoids, .fsums, .karney 

277except ImportError: # Python 3.1- 

278 

279 def _isfinite(x): 

280 '''Mimick Python 3.2+ C{math.isfinite}. 

281 ''' 

282 return not (isinf(x) or isnan(x)) 

283 

284 

285def isfinite(obj): 

286 '''Check a finite C{scalar} or C{complex} value. 

287 

288 @arg obj: Value (C{scalar} or C{complex}). 

289 

290 @return: C{False} if B{C{obj}} is C{INF}, C{NINF} 

291 or C{NAN}, C{True} otherwise. 

292 

293 @raise TypeError: Non-scalar and non-complex B{C{obj}}. 

294 ''' 

295 try: 

296 return (obj not in _INF_NAN_NINF) and _isfinite(obj) 

297 except Exception as x: 

298 if iscomplex(obj): # _isfinite(complex) thows TypeError 

299 return isfinite(obj.real) and isfinite(obj.imag) 

300 raise _xError(x, Fmt.PAREN(isfinite.__name__, obj)) 

301 

302 

303def isint0(obj, both=False): 

304 '''Check for L{INT0} or C{int(0)} value. 

305 

306 @arg obj: The object (any C{type}). 

307 @kwarg both: If C{true}, also check C{float(0)} (C{bool}). 

308 

309 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is L{INT0}, C{int(0)} or 

310 C{float(0)}, C{False} otherwise. 

311 ''' 

312 return (obj is INT0 or obj is int(0) or bool(both and 

313 (not obj) and isint(obj, both=True))) and not isbool(obj) 

314 

315 

316def isnear0(x, eps0=EPS0): 

317 '''Is B{C{x}} near I{zero} within a tolerance? 

318 

319 @arg x: Value (C{scalar}). 

320 @kwarg eps0: Near-I{zero} tolerance (C{EPS0}). 

321 

322 @return: C{True} if C{abs(B{x}) < B{eps0}}, 

323 C{False} otherwise. 

324 

325 @see: Function L{isnon0}. 

326 ''' 

327 return bool(eps0 > x > -eps0) 

328 

329 

330def isnear1(x, eps1=EPS0): 

331 '''Is B{C{x}} near I{one} within a tolerance? 

332 

333 @arg x: Value (C{scalar}). 

334 @kwarg eps1: Near-I{one} tolerance (C{EPS0}). 

335 

336 @return: C{isnear0(B{x} - 1, eps0=B{eps1})}. 

337 

338 @see: Function L{isnear0}. 

339 ''' 

340 return bool(eps1 > (x - _1_0) > -eps1) 

341 

342 

343def isnear90(x, eps90=EPS0): 

344 '''Is B{C{x}} near I{90} within a tolerance? 

345 

346 @arg x: Value (C{scalar}). 

347 @kwarg eps90: Near-I{90} tolerance (C{EPS0}). 

348 

349 @return: C{isnear0(B{x} - 90)}. 

350 

351 @see: Function L{isnear0}. 

352 ''' 

353 return bool(eps90 > (x - _90_0) > -eps90) 

354 

355 

356def isneg0(x): 

357 '''Check for L{NEG0}, negative C{0.0}. 

358 

359 @arg x: Value (C{scalar}). 

360 

361 @return: C{True} if B{C{x}} is C{NEG0} or C{-0.0}, 

362 C{False} otherwise. 

363 ''' 

364 return x in (_0_0, NEG0) and _copysign(1, x) < 0 

365# and str(x).startswith(_MINUS_) 

366 

367 

368def isninf(x): 

369 '''Check for L{NINF}, negative C{INF}. 

370 

371 @arg x: Value (C{scalar}). 

372 

373 @return: C{True} if B{C{x}} is C{NINF} or C{-inf}, 

374 C{False} otherwise. 

375 ''' 

376 return x is NINF or (x < 0 and not isfinite(x)) 

377 

378 

379def isnon0(x, eps0=EPS0): 

380 '''Is B{C{x}} non-zero with a tolerance? 

381 

382 @arg x: Value (C{scalar}). 

383 @kwarg eps0: Non-zero tolerance (C{EPS0}). 

384 

385 @return: C{True} if C{abs(B{x}) > B{eps0}}, 

386 C{False} otherwise. 

387 

388 @see: Function L{isnear0}. 

389 ''' 

390 return not bool(eps0 > x > -eps0) # not isnear0 

391 

392 

393def _off90(lat): 

394 '''(INTERNAL) Off 90.0 for .gars and .wgrs. 

395 ''' 

396 return max(min(lat, _89_999_), -_89_999_) 

397 

398 

399try: 

400 from math import remainder 

401except ImportError: # Python 3.6- 

402 from math import fmod as _fmod 

403 

404 def remainder(x, y): 

405 '''Mimick Python 3.7+ C{math.remainder}. 

406 ''' 

407 if isnan(y): 

408 x = NAN 

409 elif x and not isnan(x): 

410 y = fabs(y) 

411 x = _fmod(x, y) 

412 h = _0_5 * y 

413 if x >= h: 

414 x -= y 

415 elif x < -h: 

416 x += y 

417 return x # keep signed 0.0 

418 

419 

420def _umod_360(deg): 

421 '''(INTERNAL) Non-negative C{deg} modulo 360, basic C{.utily.wrap360}. 

422 ''' 

423 return (deg % _360_0) or _0_0 

424 

425 

426def _umod_PI2(rad): 

427 '''(INTERNAL) Non-negative C{rad} modulo PI2, basic C{.utily.wrapPI2}. 

428 ''' 

429 return (rad % PI2) or _0_0 

430 

431 

432if __name__ == '__main__': 

433 

434 from pygeodesy.errors import itemsorted 

435 from pygeodesy.lazily import printf 

436 

437 t = n = v = [] 

438 for n, v in itemsorted(locals()): 

439 if isinstance(v, (Float, Int, Radius)): 

440 printf('%9s: %r', n, v.toRepr(std=False)) 

441 if v.name != n: 

442 raise AssertionError('%r != %r' % (n, v)) 

443 if v.name is not n: 

444 raise AssertionError('%r is not %r' % (n, v)) 

445 if not n.startswith(_UNDER_): 

446 t.append(n) 

447 t.append(float_.__name__) 

448 printf('__all__ = %r', tuple(t)) 

449 

450# **) MIT License 

451# 

452# Copyright (C) 2016-2023 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved. 

453# 

454# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a 

455# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), 

456# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation 

457# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 

458# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the 

459# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 

460# 

461# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included 

462# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. 

463# 

464# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS 

465# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 

466# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL 

467# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR 

468# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, 

469# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR 

470# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.