sqlglot.dialects.tsql
1from __future__ import annotations 2 3import datetime 4import re 5import typing as t 6 7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import ( 9 Dialect, 10 any_value_to_max_sql, 11 date_delta_sql, 12 generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 13 max_or_greatest, 14 min_or_least, 15 parse_date_delta, 16 rename_func, 17 timestrtotime_sql, 18 ts_or_ds_to_date_sql, 19) 20from sqlglot.expressions import DataType 21from sqlglot.helper import seq_get 22from sqlglot.time import format_time 23from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType 24 25if t.TYPE_CHECKING: 26 from sqlglot._typing import E 27 28FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 29 "weekday": "%A", 30 "dw": "%A", 31 "w": "%A", 32 "month": "%B", 33 "mm": "%B", 34 "m": "%B", 35} 36 37DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = { 38 "year": "year", 39 "yyyy": "year", 40 "yy": "year", 41 "quarter": "quarter", 42 "qq": "quarter", 43 "q": "quarter", 44 "month": "month", 45 "mm": "month", 46 "m": "month", 47 "week": "week", 48 "ww": "week", 49 "wk": "week", 50 "day": "day", 51 "dd": "day", 52 "d": "day", 53} 54 55 56DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile("([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})") 57 58# N = Numeric, C=Currency 59TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {"N", "C"} 60 61DEFAULT_START_DATE = datetime.date(1900, 1, 1) 62 63BIT_TYPES = {exp.EQ, exp.NEQ, exp.Is, exp.In, exp.Select, exp.Alias} 64 65 66def _format_time_lambda( 67 exp_class: t.Type[E], full_format_mapping: t.Optional[bool] = None 68) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 69 def _format_time(args: t.List) -> E: 70 assert len(args) == 2 71 72 return exp_class( 73 this=exp.cast(args[1], "datetime"), 74 format=exp.Literal.string( 75 format_time( 76 args[0].name.lower(), 77 {**TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, **FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING} 78 if full_format_mapping 79 else TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, 80 ) 81 ), 82 ) 83 84 return _format_time 85 86 87def _parse_format(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 88 this = seq_get(args, 0) 89 fmt = seq_get(args, 1) 90 culture = seq_get(args, 2) 91 92 number_fmt = fmt and (fmt.name in TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT or not DATE_FMT_RE.search(fmt.name)) 93 94 if number_fmt: 95 return exp.NumberToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 96 97 if fmt: 98 fmt = exp.Literal.string( 99 format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING) 100 if len(fmt.name) == 1 101 else format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.TIME_MAPPING) 102 ) 103 104 return exp.TimeToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 105 106 107def _parse_eomonth(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 108 date = seq_get(args, 0) 109 month_lag = seq_get(args, 1) 110 unit = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get("month") 111 112 if month_lag is None: 113 return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=date) 114 115 # Remove month lag argument in parser as its compared with the number of arguments of the resulting class 116 args.remove(month_lag) 117 118 return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=exp.DateAdd(this=date, expression=month_lag, unit=unit)) 119 120 121def _parse_hashbytes(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 122 kind, data = args 123 kind = kind.name.upper() if kind.is_string else "" 124 125 if kind == "MD5": 126 args.pop(0) 127 return exp.MD5(this=data) 128 if kind in ("SHA", "SHA1"): 129 args.pop(0) 130 return exp.SHA(this=data) 131 if kind == "SHA2_256": 132 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(256)) 133 if kind == "SHA2_512": 134 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(512)) 135 136 return exp.func("HASHBYTES", *args) 137 138 139def _format_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr) -> str: 140 fmt = ( 141 expression.args["format"] 142 if isinstance(expression, exp.NumberToStr) 143 else exp.Literal.string( 144 format_time( 145 expression.text("format"), 146 t.cast(t.Dict[str, str], TSQL.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING), 147 ) 148 ) 149 ) 150 151 # There is no format for "quarter" 152 if fmt.name.lower() == "quarter": 153 return self.func("DATEPART", "QUARTER", expression.this) 154 155 return self.func("FORMAT", expression.this, fmt, expression.args.get("culture")) 156 157 158def _string_agg_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str: 159 this = expression.this 160 distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct) 161 if distinct: 162 # exp.Distinct can appear below an exp.Order or an exp.GroupConcat expression 163 self.unsupported("T-SQL STRING_AGG doesn't support DISTINCT.") 164 this = distinct.pop().expressions[0] 165 166 order = "" 167 if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order): 168 if expression.this.this: 169 this = expression.this.this.pop() 170 order = f" WITHIN GROUP ({self.sql(expression.this)[1:]})" # Order has a leading space 171 172 separator = expression.args.get("separator") or exp.Literal.string(",") 173 return f"STRING_AGG({self.format_args(this, separator)}){order}" 174 175 176def _parse_date_delta( 177 exp_class: t.Type[E], unit_mapping: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None 178) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 179 def inner_func(args: t.List) -> E: 180 unit = seq_get(args, 0) 181 if unit and unit_mapping: 182 unit = exp.var(unit_mapping.get(unit.name.lower(), unit.name)) 183 184 start_date = seq_get(args, 1) 185 if start_date and start_date.is_number: 186 # Numeric types are valid DATETIME values 187 if start_date.is_int: 188 adds = DEFAULT_START_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=int(start_date.this)) 189 start_date = exp.Literal.string(adds.strftime("%F")) 190 else: 191 # We currently don't handle float values, i.e. they're not converted to equivalent DATETIMEs. 192 # This is not a problem when generating T-SQL code, it is when transpiling to other dialects. 193 return exp_class(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=start_date, unit=unit) 194 195 return exp_class( 196 this=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 2)), 197 expression=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=start_date), 198 unit=unit, 199 ) 200 201 return inner_func 202 203 204def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression: 205 """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.""" 206 alias = expression.args.get("alias") 207 208 if ( 209 isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery)) 210 and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) 211 and not alias.columns 212 ): 213 from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs 214 215 # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions 216 # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases 217 # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents 218 subqueryable = expression.this 219 unaliased_column_indexes = ( 220 i 221 for i, c in enumerate(subqueryable.selects) 222 if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias 223 ) 224 225 qualify_outputs(subqueryable) 226 227 # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes 228 subqueryable_selects = subqueryable.selects 229 for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes: 230 alias = subqueryable_selects[select_index] 231 column = alias.this 232 if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier): 233 alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted) 234 235 return expression 236 237 238class TSQL(Dialect): 239 RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None 240 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 241 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 242 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 243 TYPED_DIVISION = True 244 245 TIME_MAPPING = { 246 "year": "%Y", 247 "dayofyear": "%j", 248 "day": "%d", 249 "dy": "%d", 250 "y": "%Y", 251 "week": "%W", 252 "ww": "%W", 253 "wk": "%W", 254 "hour": "%h", 255 "hh": "%I", 256 "minute": "%M", 257 "mi": "%M", 258 "n": "%M", 259 "second": "%S", 260 "ss": "%S", 261 "s": "%-S", 262 "millisecond": "%f", 263 "ms": "%f", 264 "weekday": "%W", 265 "dw": "%W", 266 "month": "%m", 267 "mm": "%M", 268 "m": "%-M", 269 "Y": "%Y", 270 "YYYY": "%Y", 271 "YY": "%y", 272 "MMMM": "%B", 273 "MMM": "%b", 274 "MM": "%m", 275 "M": "%-m", 276 "dddd": "%A", 277 "dd": "%d", 278 "d": "%-d", 279 "HH": "%H", 280 "H": "%-H", 281 "h": "%-I", 282 "S": "%f", 283 "yyyy": "%Y", 284 "yy": "%y", 285 } 286 287 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 288 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 289 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 290 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 291 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 292 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 293 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 294 "6": "%d %b %y", 295 "7": "%b %d, %y", 296 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 297 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 298 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 299 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 300 "12": "yymmdd", 301 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 302 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 303 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 304 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 305 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 306 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 307 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 308 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 309 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 310 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 311 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 312 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 313 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 314 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 315 "106": "%d %b %Y", 316 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 317 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 318 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 319 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 320 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 321 "112": "%Y%m%d", 322 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 323 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 324 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 325 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 326 } 327 328 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 329 "y": "%B %Y", 330 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 331 "H": "%-H", 332 "h": "%-I", 333 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 334 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 335 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 336 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 337 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 338 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 339 "M": "%B %-d", 340 "m": "%B %-d", 341 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 342 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 343 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 344 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 345 "t": "%-I:%M", 346 "Y": "%a %Y", 347 } 348 349 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 350 IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")] 351 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 352 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 353 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 354 355 KEYWORDS = { 356 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 357 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 358 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 359 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 360 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 361 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 362 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 363 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 364 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 365 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 366 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 367 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 368 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 369 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 370 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 371 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 372 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 373 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 374 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 375 "XML": TokenType.XML, 376 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 377 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 378 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 379 } 380 381 class Parser(parser.Parser): 382 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 383 384 FUNCTIONS = { 385 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 386 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 387 this=seq_get(args, 1), 388 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 389 position=seq_get(args, 2), 390 ), 391 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 392 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 393 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 394 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 395 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 396 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 397 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 398 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 399 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 400 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 401 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 402 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 403 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 404 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 405 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 406 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 407 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 408 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 409 } 410 411 JOIN_HINTS = { 412 "LOOP", 413 "HASH", 414 "MERGE", 415 "REMOTE", 416 } 417 418 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 419 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 420 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 421 DataType.Type.CHAR, 422 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 423 } 424 425 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 426 TokenType.TABLE, 427 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 428 } 429 430 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 431 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 432 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 433 } 434 435 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 436 437 CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True 438 439 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 440 441 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 442 """ 443 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 444 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 445 446 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 447 """ 448 return [ 449 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 450 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 451 else projection 452 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 453 ] 454 455 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 456 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 457 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 458 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 459 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 460 461 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 462 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 463 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 464 """ 465 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 466 467 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 468 this = self._parse_id_var() 469 470 if rollback: 471 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 472 473 durability = None 474 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 475 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 476 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 477 478 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 479 durability = False 480 else: 481 self._match(TokenType.ON) 482 durability = True 483 484 self._match_r_paren() 485 486 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 487 488 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 489 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 490 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 491 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 492 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 493 ] 494 """ 495 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 496 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 497 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 498 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 499 500 return transaction 501 502 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 503 504 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 505 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 506 returns = super()._parse_returns() 507 returns.set("table", table) 508 return returns 509 510 def _parse_convert( 511 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 512 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 513 to = self._parse_types() 514 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 515 this = self._parse_conjunction() 516 517 if not to or not this: 518 return None 519 520 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 521 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 522 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 523 524 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 525 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 526 format_val = self._parse_number() 527 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 528 529 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 530 raise ValueError( 531 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 532 ) 533 534 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 535 536 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 537 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 538 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 539 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 540 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 541 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 542 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 543 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 544 return self.expression( 545 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 546 to=to, 547 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 548 safe=safe, 549 ) 550 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 551 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 552 553 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 554 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 555 556 def _parse_user_defined_function( 557 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 558 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 559 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 560 561 if ( 562 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 563 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 564 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 565 ): 566 return this 567 568 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 569 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 570 571 def _parse_id_var( 572 self, 573 any_token: bool = True, 574 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 575 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 576 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 577 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 578 579 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 580 if this: 581 if is_global: 582 this.set("global", True) 583 elif is_temporary: 584 this.set("temporary", True) 585 586 return this 587 588 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 589 create = super()._parse_create() 590 591 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 592 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 593 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 594 if not create.args.get("properties"): 595 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 596 597 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 598 599 return create 600 601 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 602 index = self._index 603 604 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 605 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 606 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 607 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 608 self._retreat(index) 609 610 return super()._parse_if() 611 612 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 613 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 614 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 615 else: 616 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 617 618 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this) 619 620 class Generator(generator.Generator): 621 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 622 QUERY_HINTS = False 623 RETURNING_END = False 624 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 625 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 626 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 627 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 628 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 629 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 630 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False 631 632 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 633 exp.Delete, 634 exp.Insert, 635 exp.Merge, 636 exp.Select, 637 exp.Subquery, 638 exp.Union, 639 exp.Update, 640 } 641 642 TYPE_MAPPING = { 643 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 644 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 645 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 646 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 647 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 648 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 649 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 650 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 651 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 652 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 653 } 654 655 TRANSFORMS = { 656 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 657 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 658 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 659 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 660 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 661 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 662 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 663 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 664 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 665 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 666 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 667 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 668 exp.Length: rename_func("LEN"), 669 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 670 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 671 exp.Min: min_or_least, 672 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 673 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 674 [ 675 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 676 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 677 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 678 ] 679 ), 680 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 681 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 682 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 683 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 684 ), 685 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 686 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 687 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 688 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 689 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 690 exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("tsql"), 691 } 692 693 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 694 695 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 696 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 697 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 698 } 699 700 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 701 this = expression.this 702 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 703 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 704 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 705 706 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 707 708 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 709 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 710 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 711 712 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 713 714 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 715 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 716 return self.binary(expression, "=") 717 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 718 719 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 720 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 721 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 722 723 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 724 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 725 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 726 ): 727 sql = f"#{sql}" 728 729 return sql 730 731 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 732 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 733 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 734 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 735 736 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 737 738 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 739 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 740 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 741 if ctas_with: 742 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 743 744 subquery = expression.expression 745 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 746 subquery = subquery.subquery() 747 748 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 749 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 750 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 751 752 sql = self.sql(select_into) 753 754 if exists: 755 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 756 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 757 if kind == "SCHEMA": 758 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 759 elif kind == "TABLE": 760 assert table 761 where = exp.and_( 762 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 763 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 764 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 765 ) 766 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 767 elif kind == "INDEX": 768 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 769 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 770 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 771 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 772 773 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 774 775 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 776 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 777 778 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 779 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 780 this = f"FOR {name}" 781 expr = expression.expression 782 kind = expression.text("kind") 783 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 784 args = expr.expressions 785 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 786 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 787 else: 788 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 789 790 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 791 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 792 793 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 794 table = expression.args.get("table") 795 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 796 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 797 798 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 799 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 800 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 801 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 802 803 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 804 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 805 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 806 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 807 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 808 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 809 810 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 811 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 812 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 813 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 814 durability = ( 815 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 816 if durability is not None 817 else "" 818 ) 819 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 820 821 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 822 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 823 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 824 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 825 826 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 827 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 828 829 if expression.args.get("global"): 830 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 831 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 832 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 833 834 return identifier 835 836 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 837 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 838 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 839 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'weekday': '%A', 'dw': '%A', 'w': '%A', 'month': '%B', 'mm': '%B', 'm': '%B'}
DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL =
{'year': 'year', 'yyyy': 'year', 'yy': 'year', 'quarter': 'quarter', 'qq': 'quarter', 'q': 'quarter', 'month': 'month', 'mm': 'month', 'm': 'month', 'week': 'week', 'ww': 'week', 'wk': 'week', 'day': 'day', 'dd': 'day', 'd': 'day'}
DATE_FMT_RE =
re.compile('([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})')
TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT =
{'C', 'N'}
DEFAULT_START_DATE =
datetime.date(1900, 1, 1)
BIT_TYPES =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>}
def
qualify_derived_table_outputs( expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression) -> sqlglot.expressions.Expression:
205def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression: 206 """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.""" 207 alias = expression.args.get("alias") 208 209 if ( 210 isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery)) 211 and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) 212 and not alias.columns 213 ): 214 from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs 215 216 # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions 217 # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases 218 # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents 219 subqueryable = expression.this 220 unaliased_column_indexes = ( 221 i 222 for i, c in enumerate(subqueryable.selects) 223 if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias 224 ) 225 226 qualify_outputs(subqueryable) 227 228 # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes 229 subqueryable_selects = subqueryable.selects 230 for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes: 231 alias = subqueryable_selects[select_index] 232 column = alias.this 233 if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier): 234 alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted) 235 236 return expression
Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.
239class TSQL(Dialect): 240 RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None 241 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 242 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 243 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 244 TYPED_DIVISION = True 245 246 TIME_MAPPING = { 247 "year": "%Y", 248 "dayofyear": "%j", 249 "day": "%d", 250 "dy": "%d", 251 "y": "%Y", 252 "week": "%W", 253 "ww": "%W", 254 "wk": "%W", 255 "hour": "%h", 256 "hh": "%I", 257 "minute": "%M", 258 "mi": "%M", 259 "n": "%M", 260 "second": "%S", 261 "ss": "%S", 262 "s": "%-S", 263 "millisecond": "%f", 264 "ms": "%f", 265 "weekday": "%W", 266 "dw": "%W", 267 "month": "%m", 268 "mm": "%M", 269 "m": "%-M", 270 "Y": "%Y", 271 "YYYY": "%Y", 272 "YY": "%y", 273 "MMMM": "%B", 274 "MMM": "%b", 275 "MM": "%m", 276 "M": "%-m", 277 "dddd": "%A", 278 "dd": "%d", 279 "d": "%-d", 280 "HH": "%H", 281 "H": "%-H", 282 "h": "%-I", 283 "S": "%f", 284 "yyyy": "%Y", 285 "yy": "%y", 286 } 287 288 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 289 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 290 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 291 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 292 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 293 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 294 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 295 "6": "%d %b %y", 296 "7": "%b %d, %y", 297 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 298 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 299 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 300 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 301 "12": "yymmdd", 302 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 303 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 304 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 305 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 306 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 307 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 308 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 309 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 310 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 311 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 312 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 313 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 314 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 315 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 316 "106": "%d %b %Y", 317 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 318 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 319 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 320 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 321 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 322 "112": "%Y%m%d", 323 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 324 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 325 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 326 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 327 } 328 329 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 330 "y": "%B %Y", 331 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 332 "H": "%-H", 333 "h": "%-I", 334 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 335 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 336 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 337 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 338 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 339 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 340 "M": "%B %-d", 341 "m": "%B %-d", 342 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 343 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 344 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 345 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 346 "t": "%-I:%M", 347 "Y": "%a %Y", 348 } 349 350 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 351 IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")] 352 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 353 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 354 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 355 356 KEYWORDS = { 357 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 358 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 359 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 360 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 361 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 362 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 363 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 364 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 365 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 366 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 367 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 368 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 369 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 370 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 371 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 372 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 373 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 374 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 375 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 376 "XML": TokenType.XML, 377 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 378 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 379 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 380 } 381 382 class Parser(parser.Parser): 383 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 384 385 FUNCTIONS = { 386 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 387 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 388 this=seq_get(args, 1), 389 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 390 position=seq_get(args, 2), 391 ), 392 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 393 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 394 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 395 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 396 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 397 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 398 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 399 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 400 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 401 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 402 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 403 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 404 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 405 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 406 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 407 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 408 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 409 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 410 } 411 412 JOIN_HINTS = { 413 "LOOP", 414 "HASH", 415 "MERGE", 416 "REMOTE", 417 } 418 419 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 420 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 421 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 422 DataType.Type.CHAR, 423 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 424 } 425 426 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 427 TokenType.TABLE, 428 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 429 } 430 431 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 432 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 433 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 434 } 435 436 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 437 438 CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True 439 440 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 441 442 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 443 """ 444 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 445 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 446 447 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 448 """ 449 return [ 450 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 451 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 452 else projection 453 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 454 ] 455 456 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 457 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 458 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 459 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 460 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 461 462 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 463 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 464 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 465 """ 466 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 467 468 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 469 this = self._parse_id_var() 470 471 if rollback: 472 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 473 474 durability = None 475 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 476 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 477 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 478 479 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 480 durability = False 481 else: 482 self._match(TokenType.ON) 483 durability = True 484 485 self._match_r_paren() 486 487 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 488 489 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 490 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 491 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 492 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 493 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 494 ] 495 """ 496 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 497 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 498 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 499 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 500 501 return transaction 502 503 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 504 505 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 506 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 507 returns = super()._parse_returns() 508 returns.set("table", table) 509 return returns 510 511 def _parse_convert( 512 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 513 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 514 to = self._parse_types() 515 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 516 this = self._parse_conjunction() 517 518 if not to or not this: 519 return None 520 521 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 522 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 523 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 524 525 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 526 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 527 format_val = self._parse_number() 528 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 529 530 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 531 raise ValueError( 532 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 533 ) 534 535 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 536 537 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 538 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 539 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 540 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 541 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 542 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 543 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 544 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 545 return self.expression( 546 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 547 to=to, 548 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 549 safe=safe, 550 ) 551 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 552 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 553 554 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 555 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 556 557 def _parse_user_defined_function( 558 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 559 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 560 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 561 562 if ( 563 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 564 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 565 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 566 ): 567 return this 568 569 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 570 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 571 572 def _parse_id_var( 573 self, 574 any_token: bool = True, 575 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 576 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 577 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 578 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 579 580 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 581 if this: 582 if is_global: 583 this.set("global", True) 584 elif is_temporary: 585 this.set("temporary", True) 586 587 return this 588 589 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 590 create = super()._parse_create() 591 592 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 593 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 594 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 595 if not create.args.get("properties"): 596 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 597 598 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 599 600 return create 601 602 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 603 index = self._index 604 605 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 606 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 607 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 608 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 609 self._retreat(index) 610 611 return super()._parse_if() 612 613 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 614 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 615 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 616 else: 617 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 618 619 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this) 620 621 class Generator(generator.Generator): 622 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 623 QUERY_HINTS = False 624 RETURNING_END = False 625 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 626 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 627 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 628 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 629 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 630 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 631 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False 632 633 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 634 exp.Delete, 635 exp.Insert, 636 exp.Merge, 637 exp.Select, 638 exp.Subquery, 639 exp.Union, 640 exp.Update, 641 } 642 643 TYPE_MAPPING = { 644 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 645 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 646 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 647 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 648 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 649 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 650 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 651 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 652 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 653 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 654 } 655 656 TRANSFORMS = { 657 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 658 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 659 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 660 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 661 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 662 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 663 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 664 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 665 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 666 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 667 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 668 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 669 exp.Length: rename_func("LEN"), 670 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 671 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 672 exp.Min: min_or_least, 673 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 674 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 675 [ 676 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 677 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 678 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 679 ] 680 ), 681 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 682 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 683 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 684 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 685 ), 686 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 687 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 688 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 689 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 690 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 691 exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("tsql"), 692 } 693 694 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 695 696 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 697 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 698 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 699 } 700 701 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 702 this = expression.this 703 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 704 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 705 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 706 707 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 708 709 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 710 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 711 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 712 713 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 714 715 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 716 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 717 return self.binary(expression, "=") 718 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 719 720 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 721 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 722 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 723 724 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 725 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 726 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 727 ): 728 sql = f"#{sql}" 729 730 return sql 731 732 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 733 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 734 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 735 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 736 737 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 738 739 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 740 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 741 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 742 if ctas_with: 743 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 744 745 subquery = expression.expression 746 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 747 subquery = subquery.subquery() 748 749 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 750 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 751 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 752 753 sql = self.sql(select_into) 754 755 if exists: 756 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 757 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 758 if kind == "SCHEMA": 759 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 760 elif kind == "TABLE": 761 assert table 762 where = exp.and_( 763 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 764 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 765 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 766 ) 767 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 768 elif kind == "INDEX": 769 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 770 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 771 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 772 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 773 774 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 775 776 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 777 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 778 779 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 780 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 781 this = f"FOR {name}" 782 expr = expression.expression 783 kind = expression.text("kind") 784 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 785 args = expr.expressions 786 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 787 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 788 else: 789 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 790 791 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 792 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 793 794 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 795 table = expression.args.get("table") 796 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 797 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 798 799 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 800 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 801 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 802 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 803 804 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 805 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 806 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 807 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 808 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 809 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 810 811 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 812 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 813 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 814 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 815 durability = ( 816 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 817 if durability is not None 818 else "" 819 ) 820 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 821 822 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 823 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 824 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 825 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 826 827 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 828 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 829 830 if expression.args.get("global"): 831 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 832 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 833 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 834 835 return identifier 836 837 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 838 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 839 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 840 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'year': '%Y', 'dayofyear': '%j', 'day': '%d', 'dy': '%d', 'y': '%Y', 'week': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'wk': '%W', 'hour': '%h', 'hh': '%I', 'minute': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'n': '%M', 'second': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'millisecond': '%f', 'ms': '%f', 'weekday': '%W', 'dw': '%W', 'month': '%m', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dddd': '%A', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 'S': '%f', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'yy': '%y'}
CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING =
{'0': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '1': '%m/%d/%y', '2': '%y.%m.%d', '3': '%d/%m/%y', '4': '%d.%m.%y', '5': '%d-%m-%y', '6': '%d %b %y', '7': '%b %d, %y', '8': '%H:%M:%S', '9': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '10': 'mm-dd-yy', '11': 'yy/mm/dd', '12': 'yymmdd', '13': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f', '14': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '20': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '21': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '22': '%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p', '23': '%Y-%m-%d', '24': '%H:%M:%S', '25': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '100': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '101': '%m/%d/%Y', '102': '%Y.%m.%d', '103': '%d/%m/%Y', '104': '%d.%m.%Y', '105': '%d-%m-%Y', '106': '%d %b %Y', '107': '%b %d, %Y', '108': '%H:%M:%S', '109': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '110': '%m-%d-%Y', '111': '%Y/%m/%d', '112': '%Y%m%d', '113': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f', '114': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '120': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '121': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'}
FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'y': '%B %Y', 'd': '%m/%d/%Y', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 's': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 'D': '%A,%B,%Y', 'f': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p', 'F': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'g': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p', 'G': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'M': '%B %-d', 'm': '%B %-d', 'O': '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', 'u': '%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z', 'U': '%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z', 'T': '%-I:%M:%S %p', 't': '%-I:%M', 'Y': '%a %Y'}
tokenizer_class =
<class 'TSQL.Tokenizer'>
parser_class =
<class 'TSQL.Parser'>
generator_class =
<class 'TSQL.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'%Y': 'yyyy', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'dw', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'S', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%A': 'dddd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
- INDEX_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
- DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- NULL_ORDERING
- SAFE_DIVISION
- DATE_FORMAT
- DATEINT_FORMAT
- FORMAT_MAPPING
- ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
- PSEUDOCOLUMNS
- get_or_raise
- format_time
- normalize_identifier
- case_sensitive
- can_identify
- quote_identifier
- parse
- parse_into
- generate
- transpile
- tokenize
- tokenizer
- parser
- generator
350 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 351 IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")] 352 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 353 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 354 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 355 356 KEYWORDS = { 357 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 358 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 359 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 360 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 361 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 362 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 363 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 364 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 365 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 366 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 367 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 368 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 369 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 370 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 371 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 372 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 373 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 374 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 375 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 376 "XML": TokenType.XML, 377 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 378 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 379 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 380 }
KEYWORDS =
{'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DATETIME2': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'DATETIMEOFFSET': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'IMAGE': <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, 'NTEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'NVARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'PRINT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PROC': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'ROWVERSION': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, 'SMALLDATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'SMALLMONEY': <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, 'SQL_VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER': <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, 'UPDATE STATISTICS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, 'OUTPUT': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>}
Inherited Members
382 class Parser(parser.Parser): 383 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 384 385 FUNCTIONS = { 386 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 387 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 388 this=seq_get(args, 1), 389 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 390 position=seq_get(args, 2), 391 ), 392 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 393 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 394 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 395 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 396 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 397 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 398 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 399 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 400 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 401 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 402 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 403 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 404 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 405 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 406 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 407 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 408 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 409 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 410 } 411 412 JOIN_HINTS = { 413 "LOOP", 414 "HASH", 415 "MERGE", 416 "REMOTE", 417 } 418 419 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 420 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 421 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 422 DataType.Type.CHAR, 423 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 424 } 425 426 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 427 TokenType.TABLE, 428 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 429 } 430 431 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 432 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 433 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 434 } 435 436 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 437 438 CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True 439 440 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 441 442 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 443 """ 444 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 445 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 446 447 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 448 """ 449 return [ 450 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 451 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 452 else projection 453 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 454 ] 455 456 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 457 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 458 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 459 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 460 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 461 462 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 463 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 464 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 465 """ 466 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 467 468 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 469 this = self._parse_id_var() 470 471 if rollback: 472 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 473 474 durability = None 475 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 476 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 477 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 478 479 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 480 durability = False 481 else: 482 self._match(TokenType.ON) 483 durability = True 484 485 self._match_r_paren() 486 487 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 488 489 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 490 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 491 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 492 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 493 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 494 ] 495 """ 496 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 497 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 498 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 499 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 500 501 return transaction 502 503 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 504 505 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 506 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 507 returns = super()._parse_returns() 508 returns.set("table", table) 509 return returns 510 511 def _parse_convert( 512 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 513 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 514 to = self._parse_types() 515 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 516 this = self._parse_conjunction() 517 518 if not to or not this: 519 return None 520 521 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 522 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 523 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 524 525 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 526 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 527 format_val = self._parse_number() 528 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 529 530 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 531 raise ValueError( 532 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 533 ) 534 535 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 536 537 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 538 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 539 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 540 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 541 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 542 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 543 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 544 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 545 return self.expression( 546 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 547 to=to, 548 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 549 safe=safe, 550 ) 551 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 552 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 553 554 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 555 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 556 557 def _parse_user_defined_function( 558 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 559 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 560 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 561 562 if ( 563 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 564 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 565 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 566 ): 567 return this 568 569 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 570 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 571 572 def _parse_id_var( 573 self, 574 any_token: bool = True, 575 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 576 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 577 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 578 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 579 580 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 581 if this: 582 if is_global: 583 this.set("global", True) 584 elif is_temporary: 585 this.set("temporary", True) 586 587 return this 588 589 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 590 create = super()._parse_create() 591 592 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 593 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 594 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 595 if not create.args.get("properties"): 596 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 597 598 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 599 600 return create 601 602 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 603 index = self._index 604 605 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 606 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 607 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 608 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 609 self._retreat(index) 610 611 return super()._parse_if() 612 613 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 614 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 615 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 616 else: 617 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 618 619 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this)
Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.
Arguments:
- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
FUNCTIONS =
{'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_date_delta.<locals>.inner_func>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'CHARINDEX': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function parse_date_delta.<locals>.inner_func>, 'DATENAME': <function _format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'DATEPART': <function _format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'EOMONTH': <function _parse_eomonth>, 'FORMAT': <function _parse_format>, 'GETDATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'HASHBYTES': <function _parse_hashbytes>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'ISNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'JSON_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'REPLICATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'SQUARE': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSDATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'SUSER_NAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SUSER_SNAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>}
VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES =
{<Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}
RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS =
{<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>}
SET_TRIE: Dict =
{'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'year': '%Y', 'dayofyear': '%j', 'day': '%d', 'dy': '%d', 'y': '%Y', 'week': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'wk': '%W', 'hour': '%h', 'hh': '%I', 'minute': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'n': '%M', 'second': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'millisecond': '%f', 'ms': '%f', 'weekday': '%W', 'dw': '%W', 'month': '%m', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dddd': '%A', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 'S': '%f', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'yy': '%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.parser.Parser
- Parser
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
- STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
- NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
- ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
- TYPE_TOKENS
- SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
- SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
- RESERVED_KEYWORDS
- DB_CREATABLES
- CREATABLES
- ID_VAR_TOKENS
- INTERVAL_VARS
- COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- TRIM_TYPES
- FUNC_TOKENS
- CONJUNCTION
- EQUALITY
- COMPARISON
- BITWISE
- TERM
- FACTOR
- EXPONENT
- TIMES
- TIMESTAMPS
- SET_OPERATIONS
- JOIN_METHODS
- JOIN_SIDES
- JOIN_KINDS
- LAMBDAS
- COLUMN_OPERATORS
- EXPRESSION_PARSERS
- UNARY_PARSERS
- PRIMARY_PARSERS
- PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
- RANGE_PARSERS
- PROPERTY_PARSERS
- CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
- ALTER_PARSERS
- SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
- INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
- FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
- FUNCTION_PARSERS
- QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
- SET_PARSERS
- SHOW_PARSERS
- TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
- MODIFIABLES
- DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
- PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
- TRANSACTION_KIND
- TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
- INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
- CLONE_KEYWORDS
- CLONE_KINDS
- OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
- OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
- TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
- WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
- WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
- WINDOW_SIDES
- FETCH_TOKENS
- ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
- DISTINCT_TOKENS
- NULL_TOKENS
- UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
- STRICT_CAST
- PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
- IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
- TABLESAMPLE_CSV
- TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
- SAFE_DIVISION
- INDEX_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
- SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- NULL_ORDERING
- FORMAT_MAPPING
- error_level
- error_message_context
- max_errors
- reset
- parse
- parse_into
- check_errors
- raise_error
- expression
- validate_expression
- errors
- sql
621 class Generator(generator.Generator): 622 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 623 QUERY_HINTS = False 624 RETURNING_END = False 625 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 626 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 627 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 628 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 629 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 630 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 631 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False 632 633 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 634 exp.Delete, 635 exp.Insert, 636 exp.Merge, 637 exp.Select, 638 exp.Subquery, 639 exp.Union, 640 exp.Update, 641 } 642 643 TYPE_MAPPING = { 644 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 645 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 646 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 647 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 648 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 649 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 650 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 651 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 652 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 653 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 654 } 655 656 TRANSFORMS = { 657 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 658 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 659 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 660 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 661 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 662 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 663 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 664 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 665 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 666 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 667 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 668 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 669 exp.Length: rename_func("LEN"), 670 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 671 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 672 exp.Min: min_or_least, 673 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 674 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 675 [ 676 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 677 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 678 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 679 ] 680 ), 681 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 682 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 683 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 684 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 685 ), 686 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 687 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 688 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 689 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 690 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 691 exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("tsql"), 692 } 693 694 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 695 696 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 697 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 698 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 699 } 700 701 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 702 this = expression.this 703 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 704 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 705 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 706 707 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 708 709 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 710 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 711 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 712 713 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 714 715 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 716 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 717 return self.binary(expression, "=") 718 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 719 720 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 721 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 722 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 723 724 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 725 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 726 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 727 ): 728 sql = f"#{sql}" 729 730 return sql 731 732 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 733 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 734 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 735 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 736 737 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 738 739 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 740 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 741 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 742 if ctas_with: 743 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 744 745 subquery = expression.expression 746 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 747 subquery = subquery.subquery() 748 749 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 750 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 751 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 752 753 sql = self.sql(select_into) 754 755 if exists: 756 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 757 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 758 if kind == "SCHEMA": 759 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 760 elif kind == "TABLE": 761 assert table 762 where = exp.and_( 763 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 764 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 765 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 766 ) 767 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 768 elif kind == "INDEX": 769 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 770 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 771 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 772 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 773 774 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 775 776 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 777 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 778 779 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 780 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 781 this = f"FOR {name}" 782 expr = expression.expression 783 kind = expression.text("kind") 784 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 785 args = expr.expressions 786 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 787 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 788 else: 789 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 790 791 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 792 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 793 794 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 795 table = expression.args.get("table") 796 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 797 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 798 799 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 800 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 801 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 802 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 803 804 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 805 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 806 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 807 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 808 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 809 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 810 811 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 812 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 813 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 814 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 815 durability = ( 816 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 817 if durability is not None 818 else "" 819 ) 820 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 821 822 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 823 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 824 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 825 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 826 827 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 828 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 829 830 if expression.args.get("global"): 831 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 832 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 833 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 834 835 return identifier 836 837 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 838 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 839 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 840 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.
Arguments:
- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Merge'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Insert'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Update'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Delete'>}
TYPE_MAPPING =
{<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BIT', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR(MAX)', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'DATETIMEOFFSET', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'SQL_VARIANT'}
TRANSFORMS =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function any_value_to_max_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint'>: <function generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _string_agg_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
701 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 702 this = expression.this 703 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 704 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 705 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 706 707 return super().setitem_sql(expression)
720 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 721 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 722 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 723 724 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 725 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 726 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 727 ): 728 sql = f"#{sql}" 729 730 return sql
732 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 733 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 734 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 735 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 736 737 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 738 739 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 740 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 741 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 742 if ctas_with: 743 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 744 745 subquery = expression.expression 746 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 747 subquery = subquery.subquery() 748 749 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 750 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 751 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 752 753 sql = self.sql(select_into) 754 755 if exists: 756 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 757 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 758 if kind == "SCHEMA": 759 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 760 elif kind == "TABLE": 761 assert table 762 where = exp.and_( 763 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 764 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 765 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 766 ) 767 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 768 elif kind == "INDEX": 769 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 770 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 771 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 772 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 773 774 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
779 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 780 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 781 this = f"FOR {name}" 782 expr = expression.expression 783 kind = expression.text("kind") 784 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 785 args = expr.expressions 786 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 787 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 788 else: 789 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 790 791 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 792 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
811 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 812 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 813 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 814 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 815 durability = ( 816 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 817 if durability is not None 818 else "" 819 ) 820 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'%Y': 'yyyy', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'dw', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'S', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%A': 'dddd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}}}
@classmethod
def
can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
288 @classmethod 289 def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool: 290 """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option. 291 292 Args: 293 text: The text to check. 294 identify: 295 "always" or `True`: Always returns true. 296 "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive. 297 298 Returns: 299 Whether or not the given text can be identified. 300 """ 301 if identify is True or identify == "always": 302 return True 303 304 if identify == "safe": 305 return not cls.case_sensitive(text) 306 307 return False
Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
Arguments:
- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or
True
: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
Returns:
Whether or not the given text can be identified.
TOKENIZER_CLASS =
<class 'TSQL.Tokenizer'>
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.generator.Generator
- Generator
- LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
- EXPLICIT_UNION
- WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
- CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
- MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
- SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
- INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
- TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
- TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
- LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
- RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
- GROUPINGS_SEP
- INDEX_ON
- JOIN_HINTS
- TABLE_HINTS
- QUERY_HINT_SEP
- IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
- DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
- COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
- EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
- TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
- VALUES_AS_TABLE
- UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
- AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
- SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
- SUPPORTS_PARAMETERS
- SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
- TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
- COLLATE_IS_FUNC
- DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
- SAFE_DIVISION
- STAR_MAPPING
- TIME_PART_SINGULARS
- TOKEN_MAPPING
- STRUCT_DELIMITER
- PARAMETER_TOKEN
- RESERVED_KEYWORDS
- WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
- EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
- UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
- KEY_VALUE_DEFINITONS
- SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
- INDEX_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- NULL_ORDERING
- pretty
- identify
- normalize
- pad
- unsupported_level
- max_unsupported
- leading_comma
- max_text_width
- comments
- normalize_functions
- unsupported_messages
- generate
- preprocess
- unsupported
- sep
- seg
- pad_comment
- maybe_comment
- wrap
- no_identify
- normalize_func
- indent
- sql
- uncache_sql
- cache_sql
- characterset_sql
- column_sql
- columnposition_sql
- columndef_sql
- columnconstraint_sql
- computedcolumnconstraint_sql
- autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
- compresscolumnconstraint_sql
- generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
- generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
- periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
- notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
- primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
- uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
- clone_sql
- describe_sql
- prepend_ctes
- with_sql
- cte_sql
- tablealias_sql
- bitstring_sql
- hexstring_sql
- bytestring_sql
- rawstring_sql
- datatypeparam_sql
- datatype_sql
- directory_sql
- delete_sql
- drop_sql
- except_sql
- except_op
- fetch_sql
- filter_sql
- hint_sql
- index_sql
- inputoutputformat_sql
- national_sql
- partition_sql
- properties_sql
- root_properties
- properties
- with_properties
- locate_properties
- property_name
- property_sql
- likeproperty_sql
- fallbackproperty_sql
- journalproperty_sql
- freespaceproperty_sql
- checksumproperty_sql
- mergeblockratioproperty_sql
- datablocksizeproperty_sql
- blockcompressionproperty_sql
- isolatedloadingproperty_sql
- partitionboundspec_sql
- partitionedofproperty_sql
- lockingproperty_sql
- withdataproperty_sql
- withsystemversioningproperty_sql
- insert_sql
- intersect_sql
- intersect_op
- introducer_sql
- kill_sql
- pseudotype_sql
- objectidentifier_sql
- onconflict_sql
- rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
- withtablehint_sql
- indextablehint_sql
- table_sql
- tablesample_sql
- pivot_sql
- tuple_sql
- update_sql
- values_sql
- var_sql
- into_sql
- from_sql
- group_sql
- having_sql
- connect_sql
- prior_sql
- join_sql
- lambda_sql
- lateral_sql
- limit_sql
- set_sql
- pragma_sql
- lock_sql
- literal_sql
- escape_str
- loaddata_sql
- null_sql
- order_sql
- cluster_sql
- distribute_sql
- sort_sql
- ordered_sql
- matchrecognize_sql
- query_modifiers
- offset_limit_modifiers
- after_having_modifiers
- after_limit_modifiers
- select_sql
- schema_sql
- schema_columns_sql
- star_sql
- parameter_sql
- sessionparameter_sql
- placeholder_sql
- subquery_sql
- qualify_sql
- union_sql
- union_op
- unnest_sql
- where_sql
- window_sql
- partition_by_sql
- windowspec_sql
- withingroup_sql
- between_sql
- bracket_sql
- all_sql
- any_sql
- exists_sql
- case_sql
- nextvaluefor_sql
- extract_sql
- trim_sql
- concat_sql
- check_sql
- foreignkey_sql
- primarykey_sql
- if_sql
- matchagainst_sql
- jsonkeyvalue_sql
- formatjson_sql
- jsonobject_sql
- jsonarray_sql
- jsonarrayagg_sql
- jsoncolumndef_sql
- jsonschema_sql
- jsontable_sql
- openjsoncolumndef_sql
- openjson_sql
- in_sql
- in_unnest_op
- interval_sql
- return_sql
- reference_sql
- anonymous_sql
- paren_sql
- neg_sql
- not_sql
- alias_sql
- aliases_sql
- attimezone_sql
- add_sql
- and_sql
- xor_sql
- connector_sql
- bitwiseand_sql
- bitwiseleftshift_sql
- bitwisenot_sql
- bitwiseor_sql
- bitwiserightshift_sql
- bitwisexor_sql
- cast_sql
- currentdate_sql
- collate_sql
- command_sql
- comment_sql
- mergetreettlaction_sql
- mergetreettl_sql
- altercolumn_sql
- renametable_sql
- altertable_sql
- add_column_sql
- droppartition_sql
- addconstraint_sql
- distinct_sql
- ignorenulls_sql
- respectnulls_sql
- intdiv_sql
- dpipe_sql
- div_sql
- overlaps_sql
- distance_sql
- dot_sql
- eq_sql
- propertyeq_sql
- escape_sql
- glob_sql
- gt_sql
- gte_sql
- ilike_sql
- ilikeany_sql
- like_sql
- likeany_sql
- similarto_sql
- lt_sql
- lte_sql
- mod_sql
- mul_sql
- neq_sql
- nullsafeeq_sql
- nullsafeneq_sql
- or_sql
- slice_sql
- sub_sql
- trycast_sql
- log_sql
- use_sql
- binary
- function_fallback_sql
- func
- format_args
- text_width
- format_time
- expressions
- op_expressions
- naked_property
- set_operation
- tag_sql
- token_sql
- userdefinedfunction_sql
- joinhint_sql
- kwarg_sql
- when_sql
- merge_sql
- tochar_sql
- dictproperty_sql
- dictrange_sql
- dictsubproperty_sql
- oncluster_sql
- clusteredbyproperty_sql
- anyvalue_sql
- querytransform_sql
- indexconstraintoption_sql
- indexcolumnconstraint_sql
- nvl2_sql
- comprehension_sql
- columnprefix_sql
- opclass_sql
- predict_sql
- forin_sql
- refresh_sql
- operator_sql