Metadata-Version: 2.5
Name: mazini
Version: 0.2.0
Summary: Arabic verb conjugator — every form of any verb from its root and pattern; a pure-Python port of Wiktionary's Module:ar-verb, verified against 15,549 printed forms
Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/forzagreen/mazini
Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/forzagreen/mazini
Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/forzagreen/mazini/issues
Project-URL: Demo, https://forzagreen.github.io/mazini-js/
Author-email: Wael Tellat <wael.tellat@gmail.com>
License-Expression: CC-BY-4.0
License-File: LICENSE
Keywords: arabic,arabic-nlp,conjugation,conjugator,morphology,nlp,sarf,verb
Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
Classifier: Natural Language :: Arabic
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Linguistic
Classifier: Typing :: Typed
Requires-Python: >=3.11
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown

# mazini

[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/mazini)](https://pypi.org/project/mazini/)
[![CI](https://github.com/forzagreen/mazini/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/forzagreen/mazini/actions/workflows/ci.yml)

**Arabic verb conjugator for Python.** Give it a root and a pattern (وزن) and it returns every form of
the verb: the past, the three non-past moods, the imperative, active and passive, in all thirteen
persons, plus the participles and the مصدر — 119 slots, fully vocalised, with the attested alternative
spellings where Arabic has them.

It is a pure-Python port of Arabic Wiktionary's conjugation engine,
[`وحدة:ar-verb`](https://ar.wiktionary.org/wiki/وحدة:ar-verb) (itself descended from
[`Module:ar-verb`](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module:ar-verb) on English Wiktionary), and it is
verified two ways:

- **Against the book.** Every one of the **16,593 printed forms** of the 495 paradigms in
  أنطوان الدحداح, *معجم تصريف الأفعال العربية* — the reference work on the subject, transcribed and
  published as the [`ar-conjugation`](https://github.com/forzagreen/ar-conjugation) dataset — is among the forms
  the engine generates.
- **Against the original.** For **7,884 inputs** (every root × pattern combination of a 154-root grid,
  plain, passive and assimilated, plus every book verb) the output is **byte-identical** to the Lua
  module's: 744,356 forms, footnotes and metadata fields, and the same 201 rejected inputs.

- **Pure Python, zero dependencies, no data files.** Python 3.11+. Typed.

> Named after **أبو عثمان المازني** (Abū ʿUthmān al-Māzinī, d. 863), whose كتاب التصريف is the first
> standalone treatise on Arabic morphology.

A JavaScript/TypeScript port with the same API and the same tests, and a live demo:
[`mazini-js`](https://github.com/forzagreen/mazini-js) — **[forzagreen.github.io/mazini-js](https://forzagreen.github.io/mazini-js/)**.

## Install

```bash
pip install mazini
```

## Usage

```python
from mazini import conjugate

v = conjugate("كتب", "فعَل يفعُل")
v.slots["past_3ms"][0].form  # "كَتَبَ"
v.slots["ind_3ms"][0].form  # "يَكْتُبُ"
v.slots["imp_2fs"][0].form  # "اُكْتُبِي"
v.slots["ap"][0].form  # "كَاتِب"
v.verb_type  # "فعل ثلاثي مُجرَّد صحيح سالم"

# A pattern can be given by its Arabic name or its form code; both take the same options.
conjugate("قول", "أفعل").slots["past_3ms"][0].form  # "أَقَالَ"
conjugate("علم", "V").slots["vn"][0].form  # "تَعَلُّم"
conjugate("كتب", "I", vowels=("a", "u"))  # same as "فعَل يفعُل"

# Two switches, the same ones {{تصريف}} takes on the wiki:
conjugate("أخذ", "افتعل", reduced=True).slots["past_3ms"][0].form  # "اِتَّخَذَ" (assimilated affix)
conjugate("علم", "فعِل يفعَل", passive=True)  # a full personal passive for a verb the engine would default to impersonal
```

The result's `slots` maps a slot name (`past_3ms`, `ind_pass_2fp`, `juss_1p`, `imp_2fp`, `ap`, `pp`,
`vn`, …) to the list of forms for that slot, each `Form(form, footnotes)`; a slot the verb lacks is absent.
Alongside it: `lemma`, `verb_form`, `wazn`, `radicals`, `weakness`, `passive` (the passive type),
`irregular`, `morph_patterns`, `has_active` / `has_passive`, `uncertain_slots` (slots shown as `"?"`, i.e.
a form-I مصدر or participle the root alone cannot predict), `verb_type` and `classification`.

Roots may be written `كتب`, `ك ت ب` or `ك_ت_ب`; hamza seats fold to `ء` and `ى` to `ي`. Bad input raises
`MaziniError`, whose `.code` is stable (`bad_root`, `unknown_wazn`, `reduced_not_applicable`, …).

```python
from mazini import WAZNS, SLOTS, classify_triliteral_verb, loose

WAZNS  # the 22 patterns: name, form code, vowels, مجرد/مزيد class
classify_triliteral_verb("ق", "و", "ل")  # "معتل أجوف واوي"
loose("فَعَلَا") == loose("فَعَلا")  # the comparison the book tests use
```

Command line:

```bash
mazini كتب "فعَل يفعُل"            # the table
mazini أخذ افتعل --reduced --json  # everything, as JSON
mazini كتب                        # the root's attested verbs, from the lexicon below
mazini --list-wazn
```

## Is it a verb? The attested-verb lexicon

The engine conjugates any root on any pattern, and most of those combinations are not words. The
`mazini.lexicon` module says which are, from the **24,188 verbs over 7,626 roots** of
[جداول إحصاء الأفعال العربية](https://github.com/m-bakni/arabic-morphology) (Marwan al-Bawwab and Yahya Mir
Alam, CC BY 4.0):

```python
from mazini.lexicon import LEXICON_INFO, attested_wazns, is_attested, lexicon_roots

is_attested("كتب", "فعَل يفعُل")  # True
is_attested("كتب", "افعوعل")  # False
attested_wazns("كتب")  # ['فعَل يفعُل', 'فعَل يفعِل', 'فعّل', 'فاعل', 'أفعل', 'تفعّل', 'تفاعل', 'افتعل', 'استفعل']
len(lexicon_roots())  # 7626
LEXICON_INFO  # source_url, source_commit, source_date, roots, verbs
```

Roots and patterns are written as for `conjugate`. The data is a 44 KB string decoded on first use (a few
milliseconds); nothing else in the package imports it, and `conjugate` is never restricted by it: no list of
a living language is complete, so an absence means "not listed", not "not a verb".

## What it does not do (yet)

It conjugates from a root and a pattern, which is what every caller on Arabic Wiktionary does. The Lua
module can also take a written, vocalised verb and infer its root (`infer_radicals`), accept per-slot
overrides, and render the wikitext table; none of that is ported. The subjunctive, jussive, participles
and مصدر are generated but are outside the book's tables, so they are verified only against the Lua
module, not against print.

## Development

```bash
uv sync
uv run pytest -q          # hamza, book, golden, loose, api
uv run ruff check
python3 tools/gen_golden.py --ar-verb DIR   # regenerate tests/fixtures/ from the module's source checkout (needs luajit)
python3 tools/gen_lexicon.py --source DIR   # regenerate src/mazini/_lexicon_data.py from a checkout of arabic-morphology
```

`tests/fixtures/` is generated by `tools/port_fixtures.py` in the private repository that maintains the Lua
module and the book transcription:
`golden.jsonl.gz` (the module's output for 7,884 inputs), `hamza.jsonl.gz` (every hamza-seating call it
made), `loose.jsonl.gz` (the normaliser's parity set), `book/` (the 495 paradigms as CSV) and
`MANIFEST.json` (the upstream commit). The source is ported file for file from `mazini-js`, which was
ported from the Lua; the three keep the same function names and the Lua line references.

## Licence

© 2026 Wael Tellat. Released under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); see [LICENSE](LICENSE).
