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music21.scale

The various Scale objects provide a bi-directional object representation of octave repeating and non-octave repeating scales built by network of Interval objects as modeled in IntervalNetwork. The main public interface to these resources are the numerous ConcreteScale subclasses, such as MajorScale, MinorScale, and MelodicMinorScale. More unusual scales are also available, such as OctatonicScale, SieveScale, and RagMarwa. All ConcreteScale subclasses provide the ability to get a pitches across any range, get a pitch for scale step, get a scale step for pitch, and, for any given pitch ascend or descend to the next pitch. In all cases Pitch objects are returned.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('a')
>>> sc1.getPitches('g2', 'g4')
[G#2, A2, B2, C#3, D3, E3, F#3, G#3, A3, B3, C#4, D4, E4, F#4]
>>> sc2 = scale.MelodicMinorScale('a')
>>> sc2.getPitches('g2', 'g4', direction='descending')
[G4, F4, E4, D4, C4, B3, A3, G3, F3, E3, D3, C3, B2, A2, G2]
>>> sc2.getPitches('g2', 'g4', direction='ascending')
[G#2, A2, B2, C3, D3, E3, F#3, G#3, A3, B3, C4, D4, E4, F#4]
>>> # a sieve-based scale using Xenakis's representation of the Major scale
>>> sc3 = scale.SieveScale('a', '(-3@2 & 4) | (-3@1 & 4@1) | (3@2 & 4@2) | (-3 & 4@3)')
>>> sc3.getPitches('g2', 'g4')
[G#2, A2, B2, C#3, D3, E3, F#3, G#3, A3, B3, C#4, D4, E4, F#4]

ConcreteScale

Inherits from: Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.ConcreteScale(tonic=None)

A concrete scale is specific scale formation with a defined pitch collection (a tonic Pitch) that may or may not be bound by specific range. For example, a specific Major Scale, such as G Major, from G2 to G4. This class is not generally used directly but is used as a base class for all concrete scales.

ConcreteScale attributes

Attributes without Documentation: boundRange

Attributes inherited from Scale: directionSensitive, type

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, id

ConcreteScale properties

abstract

Return the AbstractScale instance governing this ConcreteScale.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('d')
>>> sc2 = scale.MajorScale('b-')
>>> sc1 == sc2
False
>>> sc1.abstract == sc2.abstract
True
chord
Return a Chord object form this harmony over a default range
isConcrete

Return True if the scale is Concrete, that is, it has a defined Tonic.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('c')
>>> sc1.isConcrete
True
>>> sc2 = scale.MajorScale()
>>> sc2.isConcrete
False
musicxml
Return a complete musicxml representation.
name

Return or construct the name of this scale.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.DiatonicScale() # abstract, as no defined tonic
>>> sc.name
'Abstract Diatonic'
pitches
Get a default pitch list from this scale.

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, duration, measureNumberLocal, offset, priority

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

ConcreteScale methods

derive(other, comparisonAttribute=pitchClass)
>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale()
>>> sc1.derive(['c#', 'e', 'g#'])
<music21.scale.MajorScale B major>
>>> sc1.derive(['e-', 'b-', 'd'], comparisonAttribute='name')
<music21.scale.MajorScale B- major>
deriveByDegree(degree, pitch)

Given a scale degree and a pitch, get a new Scale that satisfies that condition.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale()
>>> sc1.deriveByDegree(7, 'c') # what scale has c as its 7th degree
<music21.scale.MajorScale D- major>
deriveRanked(other, resultsReturned=4, comparisonAttribute=pitchClass)

Return a list of closest matching concrete scales from this abstract scale, given a collection of pitches, provided as a Stream, a ConcreteScale, a list of pitches. Integer values returned represent the number of mathces.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale()
>>> sc1.deriveRanked(['c', 'e', 'b'])
[(3, <music21.scale.MajorScale G major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale C major>), (2, <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>), (2, <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>)]
>>> sc1.deriveRanked(['c', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'b'])
[(5, <music21.scale.MajorScale G major>), (5, <music21.scale.MajorScale C major>), (4, <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>), (4, <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>)]
>>> sc1.deriveRanked(['c#', 'e', 'g#'])
[(3, <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale E major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale C- major>)]
findMissing(other, comparisonAttribute=pitchClass, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=ascending, alteredNodes={})
>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('g4')
>>> sc1.findMissing(['d'])
[G4, A4, B4, C5, E5, F#5, G5]
getChord(minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=ascending)
Return a realized chord containing all the pitches in this scale within a particular range
getPitches(minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=ascending)
Return a list of Pitch objects, using a deepcopy of a cached version if available.
getScaleDegreeFromPitch(pitchTarget, direction=ascending, comparisonAttribute=pitchClass)

For a given pitch, return the appropriate scale degree. If no scale degree is available, None is returned.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-')
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('e-2')
1
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('d')
7
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('d#', comparisonAttribute='name') == None
True
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('d#', comparisonAttribute='pitchClass')
1
>>> sc = scale.HarmonicMinorScale('a')
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('c')
3
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('g#')
7
getTonic()

Return the tonic.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.ConcreteScale('e-4')
>>> sc.getTonic()
E-4
match(other, comparisonAttribute=pitchClass)

Given another object of various forms (e.g., a Stream, a ConcreteScale, a list of pitches), return a named dictionary of pitch lists with keys ‘matched’ and ‘notMatched’.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('g')
>>> sc2 = scale.MajorScale('d')
>>> sc3 = scale.MajorScale('a')
>>> sc4 = scale.MajorScale('e')
>>> sc1.match(sc2)
{'notMatched': [C#5], 'matched': [D4, E4, F#4, G4, A4, B4, D5]}
>>> sc2.match(sc3)
{'notMatched': [G#5], 'matched': [A4, B4, C#5, D5, E5, F#5, A5]}
>>> sc1.match(sc4)
{'notMatched': [G#4, C#5, D#5], 'matched': [E4, F#4, A4, B4, E5]}
next(pitchOrigin, direction=ascending, stepSize=1, getNeighbor=True)

Get the next pitch given a pitchOrigin or None. The direction attribute must be either ascending or descending. Default is ascending. An optional stepSize argument can be used to set the number of scle steps that are stepped through. The getNeighbor will return a pitch from the scale if pitchOrigin is not in the scale. This value can be True, ‘ascending’, or ‘descending’.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-')
>>> sc.next('e-5')
F5
>>> sc.next('e-5', stepSize=2)
G5
>>> sc.next('e-6', stepSize=3)
A-6
>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.HarmonicMinorScale('g')
>>> sc.next('g4', 'descending')
F#4
>>> sc.next('F#4', 'descending')
E-4
>>> sc.next('E-4', 'descending')
D4
>>> sc.next('E-4', 'ascending', 1)
F#4
>>> sc.next('E-4', 'ascending', 2)
G4
pitchFromDegree(degree, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=ascending)

Given a scale degree, return the appropriate pitch.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-')
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(2)
F4
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(7)
D5
pitchesFromScaleDegrees(degreeTargets, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=ascending)

Given one or more scale degrees, return a list of all matches over the entire range.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-')
>>> sc.pitchesFromScaleDegrees([3,7])
[G4, D5]
>>> sc.pitchesFromScaleDegrees([3,7], 'c2', 'c6')
[D2, G2, D3, G3, D4, G4, D5, G5]
>>> sc = scale.HarmonicMinorScale('a')
>>> sc.pitchesFromScaleDegrees([3,7], 'c2', 'c6')
[C2, G#2, C3, G#3, C4, G#4, C5, G#5, C6]
romanNumeral(degree)

Return a RomanNumeral object built on the specified scale degree.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('a-4')
>>> h1 = sc1.romanNumeral(1)
>>> h1.root()
A-4
>>> h5 = sc1.romanNumeral(5)
>>> h5.root()
E-5
>>> h5
<music21.chord.Chord E-5 G5 B-5>
transpose(value, inPlace=False)

Transpose this Scale by the given interval note: it does not makes sense to transpose an abstract scale; thus, only concrete scales can be transposed.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('C')
>>> sc2 = sc1.transpose('p5')
>>> sc2
<music21.scale.MajorScale G major>
>>> sc3 = sc2.transpose('p5')
>>> sc3
<music21.scale.MajorScale D major>

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchParentByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndParent(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), hasContext(), isClass(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

AbstractScale

Inherits from: Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.AbstractScale

An abstract scale is specific scale formation, but does not have a defined pitch collection or pitch reference. For example, all Major scales can be represented by an AbstractScale; a ConcreteScale, however, is a specific Major Scale, such as G Major. These classes provide an interface to, and create and manipulate, the stored IntervalNetwork object. Thus, they are rarely created or manipulated directly by most users. The AbstractScale additionally stores an _alteredNodes dictionary. Subclasses can define altered nodes in AbstractScale that are passed to the IntervalNetwork.

AbstractScale attributes

Attributes without Documentation: octaveDuplicating, tonicStep

Attributes inherited from Scale: directionSensitive, type

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, id

AbstractScale properties

networkxGraph
Return a networks Graph object representing a realized version of this IntervalNetwork.

Properties inherited from Scale: isConcrete, name

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, duration, measureNumberLocal, offset, priority

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

AbstractScale methods

getNewTonicPitch(pitchReference, nodeName, direction=ascending, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None)
Define a pitch target and a node.
getPitchFromNodeStep(pitchReference, nodeName, nodeStepTarget, direction=ascending, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None)
Get a pitch for desired scale degree.
getRealization(pitchObj, stepOfPitch, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=ascending, reverse=False)
Realize the abstract scale as a list of pitch objects, given a pitch object, the step of that pitch object, and a min and max pitch.
getRelativeNodeStep(pitchReference, nodeName, pitchTarget, comparisonAttribute=pitchClass, direction=ascending)
Expose functionality from IntervalNetwork, passing on the stored alteredNodes dictionary.
getStepMaxUnique()
Return the maximum number of scale steps, or the number to use as a modulus.
nextPitch(pitchReference, nodeName, pitchOrigin, direction=ascending, stepSize=1, getNeighbor=True)
Expose functionality from IntervalNetwork, passing on the stored alteredNodes dictionary.
plot(*args, **keywords)
Create and display a plot.
realizePitchByStep(pitchReference, nodeId, nodeStepTargets, direction=ascending, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None)
Given one or more scale degrees, return a list of all matches over the entire range.

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchParentByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndParent(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), hasContext(), isClass(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

AbstractCyclicalScale

Inherits from: AbstractScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.AbstractCyclicalScale(mode=None)
A scale of any size built with an interval list of any form. The resulting scale may be non octave repeating.

AbstractDiatonicScale

Inherits from: AbstractScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.AbstractDiatonicScale(mode=None)

AbstractDiatonicScale attributes

Attributes without Documentation: relativeMinorStep, relativeMajorStep, dominantStep

Attributes inherited from AbstractScale: octaveDuplicating, tonicStep

Attributes inherited from Scale: directionSensitive, type

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, id

AbstractDiatonicScale properties

Properties inherited from AbstractScale: networkxGraph

Properties inherited from Scale: isConcrete, name

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, duration, measureNumberLocal, offset, priority

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

AbstractDiatonicScale methods

Methods inherited from AbstractScale: getNewTonicPitch(), getPitchFromNodeStep(), getRealization(), getRelativeNodeStep(), getStepMaxUnique(), nextPitch(), plot(), realizePitchByStep()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchParentByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndParent(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), hasContext(), isClass(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

AbstractHarmonicMinorScale

Inherits from: AbstractScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.AbstractHarmonicMinorScale(mode=None)

A true bi-directional scale that with the augmented second to a leading tone.

AbstractHarmonicMinorScale attributes

Attributes without Documentation: dominantStep

Attributes inherited from AbstractScale: octaveDuplicating, tonicStep

Attributes inherited from Scale: directionSensitive, type

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, id

AbstractHarmonicMinorScale properties

Properties inherited from AbstractScale: networkxGraph

Properties inherited from Scale: isConcrete, name

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, duration, measureNumberLocal, offset, priority

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

AbstractHarmonicMinorScale methods

Methods inherited from AbstractScale: getNewTonicPitch(), getPitchFromNodeStep(), getRealization(), getRelativeNodeStep(), getStepMaxUnique(), nextPitch(), plot(), realizePitchByStep()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchParentByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndParent(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), hasContext(), isClass(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

AbstractMelodicMinorScale

Inherits from: AbstractScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.AbstractMelodicMinorScale(mode=None)

A directional scale.

AbstractMelodicMinorScale attributes

Attributes without Documentation: dominantStep

Attributes inherited from AbstractScale: octaveDuplicating, tonicStep

Attributes inherited from Scale: directionSensitive, type

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, id

AbstractMelodicMinorScale properties

Properties inherited from AbstractScale: networkxGraph

Properties inherited from Scale: isConcrete, name

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, duration, measureNumberLocal, offset, priority

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

AbstractMelodicMinorScale methods

Methods inherited from AbstractScale: getNewTonicPitch(), getPitchFromNodeStep(), getRealization(), getRelativeNodeStep(), getStepMaxUnique(), nextPitch(), plot(), realizePitchByStep()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchParentByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndParent(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), hasContext(), isClass(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

AbstractOctatonicScale

Inherits from: AbstractScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.AbstractOctatonicScale(mode=None)
Abstract scale representing the two octatonic scales.

AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale

Inherits from: AbstractScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale(mode=None)
A scale of any size built with an interval list that assumes octave completion. An additional interval to complete the octave will be added to the provided intervals. This does not guarantee that the octave will be repeated in one octave, only the next octave above the last interval will be provided.

AbstractRagAsawari

Inherits from: AbstractScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.AbstractRagAsawari

A pseudo raga-scale.

AbstractRagAsawari attributes

Attributes without Documentation: dominantStep

Attributes inherited from AbstractScale: octaveDuplicating, tonicStep

Attributes inherited from Scale: directionSensitive, type

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, id

AbstractRagAsawari properties

Properties inherited from AbstractScale: networkxGraph

Properties inherited from Scale: isConcrete, name

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, duration, measureNumberLocal, offset, priority

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

AbstractRagAsawari methods

Methods inherited from AbstractScale: getNewTonicPitch(), getPitchFromNodeStep(), getRealization(), getRelativeNodeStep(), getStepMaxUnique(), nextPitch(), plot(), realizePitchByStep()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchParentByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndParent(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), hasContext(), isClass(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

AbstractRagMarwa

Inherits from: AbstractScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.AbstractRagMarwa

A pseudo raga-scale.

AbstractRagMarwa attributes

Attributes without Documentation: dominantStep

Attributes inherited from AbstractScale: octaveDuplicating, tonicStep

Attributes inherited from Scale: directionSensitive, type

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, id

AbstractRagMarwa properties

Properties inherited from AbstractScale: networkxGraph

Properties inherited from Scale: isConcrete, name

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, duration, measureNumberLocal, offset, priority

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

AbstractRagMarwa methods

Methods inherited from AbstractScale: getNewTonicPitch(), getPitchFromNodeStep(), getRealization(), getRelativeNodeStep(), getStepMaxUnique(), nextPitch(), plot(), realizePitchByStep()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchParentByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndParent(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), hasContext(), isClass(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

ChromaticScale

Inherits from: ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.ChromaticScale(tonic=None)

A concrete cyclical scale, based on a cycle of intervals. These intervals do not have to be octave completing, and thus may produce scales that do no

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.ChromaticScale('g2')
>>> sc.pitches
[G2, A-2, A2, B-2, C-3, C3, D-3, D3, E-3, F-3, F3, G-3, G3]
>>> sc.getPitches('g2', 'g6')
[G2, A-2, A2, B-2, C-3, C3, D-3, D3, E-3, F-3, F3, G-3, G3, A-3, A3, B-3, C-4, C4, D-4, D4, E-4, F-4, F4, G-4, G4, A-4, A4, B-4, C-5, C5, D-5, D5, E-5, F-5, F5, G-5, G5, A-5, A5, B-5, C-6, C6, D-6, D6, E-6, F-6, F6, G-6, G6]
>>> sc.abstract.getStepMaxUnique()
12
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(1)
G2
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(2)
A-2
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(3)
A2
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(8)
D3
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(12)
G-3
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('g2')
1
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('F#6')
12

CyclicalScale

Inherits from: ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.CyclicalScale(tonic=None, intervalList=[, 'm2'])

A concrete cyclical scale, based on a cycle of intervals. These intervals do not have to be octave completing, and thus may produce scales that do no

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.CyclicalScale('c4', 'p5') # can give one list
>>> sc.pitches
[C4, G4]
>>> sc.getPitches('g2', 'g6')
[B-2, F3, C4, G4, D5, A5, E6]
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('g4') # as single interval cycle, all are 1
1
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('b-2', direction='bi')
1

DiatonicScale

Inherits from: ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.DiatonicScale(tonic=None)

A concrete diatonic scale. Assumes that all such scales have TODO:CHRIS:finish this doc?

DiatonicScale attributes

Attributes inherited from ConcreteScale: boundRange

Attributes inherited from Scale: directionSensitive, type

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, id

DiatonicScale properties

musicxml
Return a complete musicxml representation.

Properties inherited from ConcreteScale: abstract, chord, isConcrete, name, pitches

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, duration, measureNumberLocal, offset, priority

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

DiatonicScale methods

getDominant()

Return the dominant.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-')
>>> sc.getDominant()
B-4
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('F#')
>>> sc.getDominant()
C#5
getLeadingTone()

Return the leading tone.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.MinorScale('c')
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(7)
B-4
>>> sc.getLeadingTone()
B4
>>> sc.getDominant()
G4
getParallelMajor()

Return a concrete relative major scale

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MinorScale(pitch.Pitch('g'))
>>> sc1.pitches
[G4, A4, B-4, C5, D5, E-5, F5, G5]
>>> sc2 = sc1.getParallelMajor()
>>> sc2.pitches
[G4, A4, B4, C5, D5, E5, F#5, G5]
getParallelMinor()

Return a parallel minor scale based on this concrete major scale.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale(pitch.Pitch('a'))
>>> sc1.pitches
[A4, B4, C#5, D5, E5, F#5, G#5, A5]
>>> sc2 = sc1.getParallelMinor()
>>> sc2.pitches
[A4, B4, C5, D5, E5, F5, G5, A5]
getRelativeMajor()

Return a concrete relative major scale

>>> sc1 = MinorScale(pitch.Pitch('g'))
>>> sc1.pitches
[G4, A4, B-4, C5, D5, E-5, F5, G5]
>>> sc2 = sc1.getRelativeMajor()
>>> sc2.pitches
[B-4, C5, D5, E-5, F5, G5, A5, B-5]
>>> sc2 = DorianScale('d')
>>> sc2.getRelativeMajor().pitches
[C5, D5, E5, F5, G5, A5, B5, C6]
getRelativeMinor()

Return a relative minor scale based on this concrete major scale.

>>> sc1 = MajorScale(pitch.Pitch('a'))
>>> sc1.pitches
[A4, B4, C#5, D5, E5, F#5, G#5, A5]
>>> sc2 = sc1.getRelativeMinor()
>>> sc2.pitches
[F#5, G#5, A5, B5, C#6, D6, E6, F#6]
getTonic()

Return the dominant.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-')
>>> sc.getDominant()
B-4
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('F#')
>>> sc.getDominant()
C#5

Methods inherited from ConcreteScale: derive(), deriveByDegree(), deriveRanked(), findMissing(), getChord(), getPitches(), getScaleDegreeFromPitch(), match(), next(), pitchFromDegree(), pitchesFromScaleDegrees(), romanNumeral(), transpose()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchParentByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndParent(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), hasContext(), isClass(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

DorianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.DorianScale(tonic=None)

A natural minor scale, or the Aeolian mode.

>>> sc = DorianScale(pitch.Pitch('d'))
>>> sc.pitches
[D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, B4, C5, D5]

HarmonicMinorScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.HarmonicMinorScale(tonic=None)

A harmonic minor scale

>>> sc = HarmonicMinorScale('e4')
>>> sc.pitches
[E4, F#4, G4, A4, B4, C5, D#5, E5]
>>> sc.getTonic()
E4
>>> sc.getDominant()
B4
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(1) # scale degree 1 is treated as lowest
E4

HypoaeolianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.HypoaeolianScale(tonic=None)

A hypoaeolian scale

>>> sc = HypoaeolianScale(pitch.Pitch('a'))
>>> sc.pitches
[E4, F4, G4, A4, B4, C5, D5, E5]
>>> sc = HypoaeolianScale(pitch.Pitch('c'))
>>> sc.pitches
[G3, A-3, B-3, C4, D4, E-4, F4, G4]

HypodorianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.HypodorianScale(tonic=None)

A hypodorian scale

>>> sc = HypodorianScale(pitch.Pitch('d'))
>>> sc.pitches
[A3, B3, C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4]
>>> sc = HypodorianScale(pitch.Pitch('c'))
>>> sc.pitches
[G3, A3, B-3, C4, D4, E-4, F4, G4]

HypolocrianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.HypolocrianScale(tonic=None)

A hypolocrian scale

>>> sc = HypolocrianScale(pitch.Pitch('b'))
>>> sc.pitches
[F4, G4, A4, B4, C5, D5, E5, F5]
>>> sc = HypolocrianScale(pitch.Pitch('c'))
>>> sc.pitches
[G-3, A-3, B-3, C4, D-4, E-4, F4, G-4]

HypolydianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.HypolydianScale(tonic=None)

A hypolydian scale

>>> sc = HypolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('f'))
>>> sc.pitches
[C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, B4, C5]
>>> sc = HypolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('c'))
>>> sc.pitches
[G3, A3, B3, C4, D4, E4, F#4, G4]

HypomixolydianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.HypomixolydianScale(tonic=None)

A hypolydian scale

>>> sc = HypomixolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('g'))
>>> sc.pitches
[D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, B4, C5, D5]
>>> sc = HypomixolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('c'))
>>> sc.pitches
[G3, A3, B-3, C4, D4, E4, F4, G4]

HypophrygianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.HypophrygianScale(tonic=None)

A hypophrygian scale

>>> sc = HypophrygianScale(pitch.Pitch('e'))
>>> sc.abstract.octaveDuplicating
True
>>> sc.pitches
[B3, C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, B4]
>>> sc.getTonic()
E4
>>> sc.getDominant()
A4
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(1) # scale degree 1 is treated as lowest
B3

LocrianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.LocrianScale(tonic=None)

A locrian scale

>>> sc = LocrianScale(pitch.Pitch('b'))
>>> sc.pitches
[B4, C5, D5, E5, F5, G5, A5, B5]
>>> sc = LocrianScale(pitch.Pitch('c'))
>>> sc.pitches
[C4, D-4, E-4, F4, G-4, A-4, B-4, C5]

LydianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.LydianScale(tonic=None)

A lydian scale

>>> sc = LydianScale(pitch.Pitch('f'))
>>> sc.pitches
[F4, G4, A4, B4, C5, D5, E5, F5]
>>> sc = LydianScale(pitch.Pitch('c'))
>>> sc.pitches
[C4, D4, E4, F#4, G4, A4, B4, C5]

MajorScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.MajorScale(tonic=None)

A Major Scale

>>> sc = MajorScale(pitch.Pitch('d'))
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(7).name
'C#'

MelodicMinorScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.MelodicMinorScale(tonic=None)

A melodic minor scale

>>> sc = MelodicMinorScale('e4')

MinorScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.MinorScale(tonic=None)

A natural minor scale, or the Aeolian mode.

>>> sc = MinorScale(pitch.Pitch('g'))
>>> sc.pitches
[G4, A4, B-4, C5, D5, E-5, F5, G5]

MixolydianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.MixolydianScale(tonic=None)

A mixolydian scale

>>> sc = MixolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('g'))
>>> sc.pitches
[G4, A4, B4, C5, D5, E5, F5, G5]
>>> sc = MixolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('c'))
>>> sc.pitches
[C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, B-4, C5]

OctatonicScale

Inherits from: ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.OctatonicScale(tonic=None, mode=None)
A concrete Octatonic scale. Assumes that all such scales have ???

OctaveRepeatingScale

Inherits from: ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.OctaveRepeatingScale(tonic=None, intervalList=[, 'm2', <music21.interval.Interval M7>, <music21.interval.Interval P1>])

A concrete cyclical scale, based on a cycle of intervals. These intervals do not have to be octave completing, and thus may produce scales that do no

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.OctaveRepeatingScale('c4', ['m3', 'M3']) #
>>> sc.pitches
[C4, E-4, G4, C5]
>>> sc.getPitches('g2', 'g6')
[G2, C3, E-3, G3, C4, E-4, G4, C5, E-5, G5, C6, E-6, G6]
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('c4')
1
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('e-')
2

PhrygianScale

Inherits from: DiatonicScale, ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.PhrygianScale(tonic=None)

A phrygian scale

>>> sc = PhrygianScale(pitch.Pitch('e'))
>>> sc.pitches
[E4, F4, G4, A4, B4, C5, D5, E5]

RagAsawari

Inherits from: ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.RagAsawari(tonic=None)

A concrete pseudo-raga scale.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.RagAsawari('c2')
>>> sc.pitches
[C2, D2, F2, G2, A-2, C3]
>>> sc.getPitches(direction='descending')
[C3, B-2, A-2, G2, F2, E-2, D2, C2]

RagMarwa

Inherits from: ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.RagMarwa(tonic=None)

A concrete pseudo-raga scale.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.RagMarwa('c2')
>>> # this gets a pitch beyond the terminus b/c of descending form max
>>> sc.pitches
[C2, D-2, E2, F#2, A2, B2, A2, C3, D-3]

Scale

Inherits from: Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.Scale

Generic base class for all scales, both abstract and concrete.

Scale attributes

Attributes without Documentation: directionSensitive, type

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, id

Scale properties

isConcrete
To be concrete, a Scale must have a defined tonic. An abstract Scale is not Concrete, nor is a Concrete scale without a defined tonic.
name
Return or construct the name of this scale.

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, duration, measureNumberLocal, offset, priority

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

Scale methods

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchParentByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndParent(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), hasContext(), isClass(), mergeAttributes(), purgeLocations(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

SieveScale

Inherits from: ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.SieveScale(tonic=None, sieveString=2@0)

A scale created from a Xenakis sieve logical string, based on the Sieve object definition. The complete period of the sieve is realized as intervals and used to create a scale.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.SieveScale('c4', '3@0')
>>> sc.pitches
[C4, E-4]
>>> sc = scale.SieveScale('d4', '3@0')
>>> sc.pitches
[D4, F4]
>>> sc = scale.SieveScale('c2', '(-3@2 & 4) | (-3@1 & 4@1) | (3@2 & 4@2) | (-3 & 4@3)')
>>> sc.pitches
[C2, D2, E2, F2, G2, A2, B2, C3]

WholeToneScale

Inherits from: ConcreteScale, Scale, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.scale.WholeToneScale(tonic=None)

A concrete whole-tone scale.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> sc = scale.WholeToneScale('g2')
>>> sc.pitches
[G2, A2, B2, C#3, D#3, E#3, G3]
>>> sc.getPitches('g2', 'g6')
[G2, A2, B2, C#3, D#3, E#3, G3, A3, B3, C#4, D#4, E#4, G4, A4, B4, C#5, D#5, E#5, G5, A5, B5, C#6, D#6, E#6, G6]
>>> sc.abstract.getStepMaxUnique()
6
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(1)
G2
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(2)
A2
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(6)
E#3
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('g2')
1
>>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('F6')
6