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Flussdiagramme: Mermaid und Graphviz

Wandelt denselben Pseudocode in ein Mermaid- oder Graphviz-Flussdiagramm um. Beide Engines teilen dieselbe Semantik; Graphviz priorisiert eine deterministische Geometrie.

Die folgenden Diagramme werden von MkDocs direkt aus den Mermaid- und Graphviz-Quellen gerendert; es werden keine angenäherten statischen Bilder verwendet.

Vollständiges Beispiel: Zahlenratespiel

Zuerst wird n als obere Grenze eingelesen. Das Programm wählt zufällig ein ziel zwischen 1 und n und fragt danach Tipps m ab. Bei einem Treffer beendet Abbrechen die Schleife.

Eingeben n
ziel = zufallszahl(1, n)
m = ziel + 1
Solange m ist nicht gleich ziel:
    Eingeben m
    Wenn m > ziel Dann:
        Ausgeben "Zu groß!"
    Sonst Wenn m < ziel Dann:
        Ausgeben "Zu klein!"
    Sonst:
        Ausgeben "Gewonnen!"
        Abbrechen
    Ende
Ende

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Start"])
    n2(["Ende"])
    n3[/"Eingeben n"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4["ziel = zufallszahl(1, n)"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    n5["m = ziel + 1"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n5 normal
    n4 e2@--> n5
    %% pseudocode-sequence e2 n4 n5
    n6{"Solange m ist nicht gleich ziel ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n5 n6 normal
    n5 e3@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-sequence e3 n5 n6
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n7[/"Eingeben m"/]
    n8{"m #62; ziel ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n7 n8 normal
    n7 e4@--> n8
    %% pseudocode-sequence e4 n7 n8
    n9[/"Ausgeben 'Zu groß!'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n8 n9 branch
    n8 e5@-->|"Ja"| n9
    n10{"m #60; ziel ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e6 n8 n10 branch
    n8 e6@-->|"Nein"| n10
    n11[/"Ausgeben 'Zu klein!'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e7 n10 n11 branch
    n10 e7@-->|"Ja"| n11
    n12[/"Ausgeben 'Gewonnen!'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e8 n10 n12 branch
    n10 e8@-->|"Nein"| n12
    n13["Abbrechen"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e9 n12 n13 normal
    n12 e9@--> n13
    %% pseudocode-sequence e9 n12 n13
    n14((" ")):::pseudocodeGhost
    %% pseudocode-edge e10 n9 n14 normal
    n9 e10@--- n14
    %% pseudocode-sequence e10 n9 n14
    %% pseudocode-edge e11 n11 n14 normal
    n11 e11@--- n14
    %% pseudocode-sequence e11 n11 n14
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e12 n6 n7 branch
    n6 e12@-->|"Ja"| n7
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e12 n6 n7
    %% pseudocode-edge e13 n14 n6 loop_back
    n14 e13@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e13 n14 n6
    %% pseudocode-edge e14 n6 n2 branch
    n6 e14@-->|"Nein"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e14 n6 n2
    %% pseudocode-edge e15 n13 n2 normal
    n13 e15@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e15 n13 n2
    classDef pseudocodeGhost fill:transparent,stroke:transparent,color:transparent;

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nn5:s->n6:nn6:s->n7:nJan6:e->__exit_top_3:wNeinn7:s->n8:nn8:s->n9:nJan8:e->n10:nNeinn9:s->n14:nn10:s->n11:nJan10:e->n12:nNeinn11:s->n14:nn12:s->n13:nn13:s->n2:nn14:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n6:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Startn2Enden3Eingeben nn4ziel = zufallszahl(1, n)n5m = ziel + 1n6Solange m ist nicht gleich ziel ?n7Eingeben mn8m > ziel ?n9Ausgeben "Zu groß!"n10m < ziel ?n11Ausgeben "Zu klein!"n12Ausgeben "Gewonnen!"n13Abbrechen

Wichtige Programmierstrukturen

Die folgenden Beispiele zeigen die häufigsten Kontrollstrukturen einzeln, damit sich ihre Darstellung in Mermaid und Graphviz schnell vergleichen lässt.

Bedingung: Wenn … Dann … Sonst …

x = 5
Wenn x > 0 Dann:
    Ausgeben "positiv"
Sonst:
    Ausgeben "null oder negativ"
Ende

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Start"])
    n2(["Ende"])
    n3["x = 5"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4{"x #62; 0 ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    n5[/"Ausgeben 'positiv'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n5 branch
    n4 e2@-->|"Ja"| n5
    n6[/"Ausgeben 'null oder negativ'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n4 n6 branch
    n4 e3@-->|"Nein"| n6
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n5 n2 normal
    n5 e4@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e4 n5 n2
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n6 n2 normal
    n6 e5@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e5 n6 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nJan4:e->n6:nNeinn5:s->n2:nn6:s->n2:nn1Startn2Enden3x = 5n4x > 0 ?n5Ausgeben "positiv"n6Ausgeben "null oder negativ"

Schleife: Für … von … bis …

total = 0
Für i von 1 bis 5:
    total = total + i
Ende
Ausgeben total

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Start"])
    n2(["Ende"])
    n3["total = 0"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4{"Für i von 1 bis 5"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n5["total = total + i"]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n5 branch
    n4 e2@-->|"Ja"| n5
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e2 n4 n5
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n5 n4 loop_back
    n5 e3@-->|"(i = i + 1)"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e3 n5 n4
    n6[/"Ausgeben total"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n4 n6 branch
    n4 e4@-->|"Nein"| n6
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e4 n4 n6
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n6 n2 normal
    n6 e5@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e5 n6 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nJan4:e->__exit_top_3:wNeinn5:w->__return_bottom_1:e(i = i + 1)n6:s->n2:n__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n4:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n6:en1Startn2Enden3total = 0n4Für i von 1 bis 5n5total = total + in6Ausgeben total

Schleife: Für … von … bis … mit Schritt …

Für i von 0 bis 10 mit Schritt 2:
    Ausgeben i
Ende

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Start"])
    n2(["Ende"])
    n3{"Für i von 0 bis 10 mit Schritt 2"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n4[/"Ausgeben i"/]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 branch
    n3 e1@-->|"Ja"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e1 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n3 loop_back
    n4 e2@-->|"(i = i + 2)"| n3
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e2 n4 n3
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n2 branch
    n3 e3@-->|"Nein"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e3 n3 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nJan3:e->__exit_top_3:wNeinn4:w->__return_bottom_1:e(i = i + 2)__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n3:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Startn2Enden3Für i von 0 bis 10 mit Schritt 2n4Ausgeben i

Schleife: Für … In …

Für c In "Hallo":
    Ausgeben c
Ende

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Start"])
    n2(["Ende"])
    n3{"Für c In 'Hallo'"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n4[/"Ausgeben c"/]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 branch
    n3 e1@-->|"Ja"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e1 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n3 loop_back
    n4 e2@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e2 n4 n3
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n2 branch
    n3 e3@-->|"Nein"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e3 n3 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nJan3:e->__exit_top_3:wNeinn4:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n3:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Startn2Enden3Für c In "Hallo"n4Ausgeben c

Schleife: Solange …

i = 0
Solange i < 3:
    Ausgeben i
    i = i + 1
Ende

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Start"])
    n2(["Ende"])
    n3["i = 0"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4{"Solange i #60; 3 ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n5[/"Ausgeben i"/]
    n6["i = i + 1"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n5 n6 normal
    n5 e2@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-sequence e2 n5 n6
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n4 n5 branch
    n4 e3@-->|"Ja"| n5
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e3 n4 n5
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n6 n4 loop_back
    n6 e4@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e4 n6 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n4 n2 branch
    n4 e5@-->|"Nein"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e5 n4 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nJan4:e->__exit_top_3:wNeinn5:s->n6:nn6:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n4:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Startn2Enden3i = 0n4Solange i < 3 ?n5Ausgeben in6i = i + 1

Schleife: Wiederhole … mal

Wiederhole 3 mal:
    Ausgeben "Hallo"
Ende

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Start"])
    n2(["Ende"])
    n3{"Wiederhole 3 mal"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n4[/"Ausgeben 'Hallo'"/]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 branch
    n3 e1@-->|"Ja"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e1 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n3 loop_back
    n4 e2@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e2 n4 n3
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n2 branch
    n3 e3@-->|"Nein"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e3 n3 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nJan3:e->__exit_top_3:wNeinn4:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n3:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Startn2Enden3Wiederhole 3 maln4Ausgeben "Hallo"

Schleife: Wiederholen … Bis …

i = 0
Wiederholen:
    Ausgeben i
    i = i + 1
Bis i >= 3

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Start"])
    n2(["Ende"])
    n3["i = 0"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1[" "]
        direction TB
        subgraph loop1_body[" "]
            direction TB
    n4[/"Ausgeben i"/]
    n5["i = i + 1"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n4 n5 normal
    n4 e1@--> n5
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n4 n5
        end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
        subgraph loop1_condition[" "]
            direction TB
    n6{"i #62;= 3 ?"}
        end
    style loop1_condition fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n5 n6 normal
    n5 e2@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-sequence e2 n5 n6
    end
    style loop1 fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e3@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e3 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n6 n4 loop_back
    n6 e4@-->|"Nein"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e4 n6 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n6 n2 branch
    n6 e5@-->|"Ja"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e5 n6 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nn5:s->n6:nn6:w->__return_bottom_1:eNeinn6:e->__exit_top_3:wJa__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n4:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Startn2Enden3i = 0n4Ausgeben in5i = i + 1n6i >= 3 ?