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Diagrammi di flusso: Mermaid e Graphviz

Trasforma lo stesso pseudocodice in un diagramma Mermaid o Graphviz. I due motori condividono la stessa semantica; Graphviz privilegia una geometria deterministica.

I diagrammi seguenti sono renderizzati direttamente da MkDocs a partire dalle sorgenti Mermaid e Graphviz: non vengono usate immagini statiche approssimative.

Esempio completo: gioco del numero misterioso

Prima si legge n, il limite superiore. Il programma sceglie casualmente un obiettivo tra 1 e n e poi chiede i tentativi m. Quando viene trovato, Interrompi termina il ciclo.

Leggi n
obiettivo = casualetra(1, n)
m = obiettivo + 1
Mentre m non è uguale a obiettivo:
    Leggi m
    Se m > obiettivo Allora:
        Mostra "Troppo grande!"
    Altrimenti Se m < obiettivo Allora:
        Mostra "Troppo piccolo!"
    Altrimenti:
        Mostra "Hai vinto!"
        Interrompi
    Fine
Fine

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inizio"])
    n2(["Fine"])
    n3[/"Leggi n"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4["obiettivo = casualetra(1, n)"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    n5["m = obiettivo + 1"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n5 normal
    n4 e2@--> n5
    %% pseudocode-sequence e2 n4 n5
    n6{"Mentre m non è uguale a obiettivo ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n5 n6 normal
    n5 e3@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-sequence e3 n5 n6
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n7[/"Leggi m"/]
    n8{"m #62; obiettivo ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n7 n8 normal
    n7 e4@--> n8
    %% pseudocode-sequence e4 n7 n8
    n9[/"Mostra 'Troppo grande!'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n8 n9 branch
    n8 e5@-->|"Sì"| n9
    n10{"m #60; obiettivo ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e6 n8 n10 branch
    n8 e6@-->|"No"| n10
    n11[/"Mostra 'Troppo piccolo!'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e7 n10 n11 branch
    n10 e7@-->|"Sì"| n11
    n12[/"Mostra 'Hai vinto!'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e8 n10 n12 branch
    n10 e8@-->|"No"| n12
    n13["Interrompi"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e9 n12 n13 normal
    n12 e9@--> n13
    %% pseudocode-sequence e9 n12 n13
    n14((" ")):::pseudocodeGhost
    %% pseudocode-edge e10 n9 n14 normal
    n9 e10@--- n14
    %% pseudocode-sequence e10 n9 n14
    %% pseudocode-edge e11 n11 n14 normal
    n11 e11@--- n14
    %% pseudocode-sequence e11 n11 n14
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e12 n6 n7 branch
    n6 e12@-->|"Sì"| n7
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e12 n6 n7
    %% pseudocode-edge e13 n14 n6 loop_back
    n14 e13@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e13 n14 n6
    %% pseudocode-edge e14 n6 n2 branch
    n6 e14@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e14 n6 n2
    %% pseudocode-edge e15 n13 n2 normal
    n13 e15@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e15 n13 n2
    classDef pseudocodeGhost fill:transparent,stroke:transparent,color:transparent;

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nn5:s->n6:nn6:s->n7:nSìn6:e->__exit_top_3:wNon7:s->n8:nn8:s->n9:nSìn8:e->n10:nNon9:s->n14:nn10:s->n11:nSìn10:e->n12:nNon11:s->n14:nn12:s->n13:nn13:s->n2:nn14:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n6:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Inizion2Finen3Leggi nn4obiettivo = casualetra(1, n)n5m = obiettivo + 1n6Mentre m non è uguale a obiettivo ?n7Leggi mn8m > obiettivo ?n9Mostra "Troppo grande!"n10m < obiettivo ?n11Mostra "Troppo piccolo!"n12Mostra "Hai vinto!"n13Interrompi

Principali strutture di programmazione

Gli esempi seguenti isolano le strutture di controllo più comuni per confrontare rapidamente la loro resa Mermaid e Graphviz.

Condizione: Se … Allora … Altrimenti …

x = 5
Se x > 0 Allora:
    Mostra "positivo"
Altrimenti:
    Mostra "zero o negativo"
Fine

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inizio"])
    n2(["Fine"])
    n3["x = 5"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4{"x #62; 0 ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    n5[/"Mostra 'positivo'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n5 branch
    n4 e2@-->|"Sì"| n5
    n6[/"Mostra 'zero o negativo'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n4 n6 branch
    n4 e3@-->|"No"| n6
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n5 n2 normal
    n5 e4@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e4 n5 n2
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n6 n2 normal
    n6 e5@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e5 n6 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nSìn4:e->n6:nNon5:s->n2:nn6:s->n2:nn1Inizion2Finen3x = 5n4x > 0 ?n5Mostra "positivo"n6Mostra "zero o negativo"

Ciclo: Per … da … a …

total = 0
Per i da 1 a 5:
    total = total + i
Fine
Mostra total

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inizio"])
    n2(["Fine"])
    n3["total = 0"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4{"Per i da 1 a 5"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n5["total = total + i"]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n5 branch
    n4 e2@-->|"Sì"| n5
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e2 n4 n5
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n5 n4 loop_back
    n5 e3@-->|"(i = i + 1)"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e3 n5 n4
    n6[/"Mostra total"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n4 n6 branch
    n4 e4@-->|"No"| n6
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e4 n4 n6
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n6 n2 normal
    n6 e5@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e5 n6 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nSìn4:e->__exit_top_3:wNon5:w->__return_bottom_1:e(i = i + 1)n6:s->n2:n__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n4:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n6:en1Inizion2Finen3total = 0n4Per i da 1 a 5n5total = total + in6Mostra total

Ciclo: Per … da … a … con passo …

Per i da 0 a 10 con passo 2:
    Mostra i
Fine

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inizio"])
    n2(["Fine"])
    n3{"Per i da 0 a 10 con passo 2"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n4[/"Mostra i"/]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 branch
    n3 e1@-->|"Sì"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e1 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n3 loop_back
    n4 e2@-->|"(i = i + 2)"| n3
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e2 n4 n3
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n2 branch
    n3 e3@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e3 n3 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nSìn3:e->__exit_top_3:wNon4:w->__return_bottom_1:e(i = i + 2)__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n3:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Inizion2Finen3Per i da 0 a 10 con passo 2n4Mostra i

Ciclo: Per … In …

Per c In "Ciao":
    Mostra c
Fine

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inizio"])
    n2(["Fine"])
    n3{"Per c In 'Ciao'"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n4[/"Mostra c"/]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 branch
    n3 e1@-->|"Sì"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e1 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n3 loop_back
    n4 e2@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e2 n4 n3
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n2 branch
    n3 e3@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e3 n3 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nSìn3:e->__exit_top_3:wNon4:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n3:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Inizion2Finen3Per c In "Ciao"n4Mostra c

Ciclo: Mentre …

i = 0
Mentre i < 3:
    Mostra i
    i = i + 1
Fine

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inizio"])
    n2(["Fine"])
    n3["i = 0"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4{"Mentre i #60; 3 ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n5[/"Mostra i"/]
    n6["i = i + 1"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n5 n6 normal
    n5 e2@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-sequence e2 n5 n6
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n4 n5 branch
    n4 e3@-->|"Sì"| n5
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e3 n4 n5
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n6 n4 loop_back
    n6 e4@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e4 n6 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n4 n2 branch
    n4 e5@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e5 n4 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nSìn4:e->__exit_top_3:wNon5:s->n6:nn6:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n4:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Inizion2Finen3i = 0n4Mentre i < 3 ?n5Mostra in6i = i + 1

Ciclo: Ripetere … volte

Ripetere 3 volte:
    Mostra "Ciao"
Fine

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inizio"])
    n2(["Fine"])
    n3{"Ripetere 3 volte"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n4[/"Mostra 'Ciao'"/]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 branch
    n3 e1@-->|"Sì"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e1 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n3 loop_back
    n4 e2@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e2 n4 n3
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n2 branch
    n3 e3@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e3 n3 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nSìn3:e->__exit_top_3:wNon4:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n3:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Inizion2Finen3Ripetere 3 volten4Mostra "Ciao"

Ciclo: Ripetere … Fino A Quando …

i = 0
Ripetere:
    Mostra i
    i = i + 1
Fino A Quando i >= 3

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inizio"])
    n2(["Fine"])
    n3["i = 0"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1[" "]
        direction TB
        subgraph loop1_body[" "]
            direction TB
    n4[/"Mostra i"/]
    n5["i = i + 1"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n4 n5 normal
    n4 e1@--> n5
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n4 n5
        end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
        subgraph loop1_condition[" "]
            direction TB
    n6{"i #62;= 3 ?"}
        end
    style loop1_condition fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n5 n6 normal
    n5 e2@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-sequence e2 n5 n6
    end
    style loop1 fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e3@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e3 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n6 n4 loop_back
    n6 e4@-->|"No"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e4 n6 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n6 n2 branch
    n6 e5@-->|"Sì"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e5 n6 n2

pseudocoden1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nn5:s->n6:nn6:w->__return_bottom_1:eNon6:e->__exit_top_3:wSì__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n4:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:en1Inizion2Finen3i = 0n4Mostra in5i = i + 1n6i >= 3 ?