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sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import logging
  4import re
  5import typing as t
  6
  7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  8from sqlglot._typing import E
  9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
 10    Dialect,
 11    NormalizationStrategy,
 12    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
 13    binary_from_function,
 14    date_add_interval_sql,
 15    datestrtodate_sql,
 16    format_time_lambda,
 17    if_sql,
 18    inline_array_sql,
 19    json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
 20    max_or_greatest,
 21    min_or_least,
 22    no_ilike_sql,
 23    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
 24    regexp_replace_sql,
 25    rename_func,
 26    timestrtotime_sql,
 27    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 28    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
 29)
 30from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
 31from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 32
 33logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
 34
 35
 36def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 37    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
 38        return self.values_sql(expression)
 39
 40    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 41
 42    structs = [
 43        exp.Struct(
 44            expressions=[
 45                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
 46                for value, column_name in zip(
 47                    t.expressions,
 48                    alias.columns
 49                    if alias and alias.columns
 50                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
 51                )
 52            ]
 53        )
 54        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
 55    ]
 56
 57    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
 58
 59
 60def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
 61    this = expression.this
 62    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
 63        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
 64    else:
 65        this = self.sql(this)
 66    return f"RETURNS {this}"
 67
 68
 69def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
 70    kind = expression.args["kind"]
 71    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 72
 73    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
 74        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
 75
 76        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
 77            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
 78
 79        return self.create_sql(expression)
 80
 81    return self.create_sql(expression)
 82
 83
 84def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 85    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
 86
 87    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
 88    """
 89    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
 90
 91    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
 92        unnest_aliases = {
 93            unnest.alias
 94            for unnest in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Unnest)
 95            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
 96        }
 97        if unnest_aliases:
 98            for column in expression.find_all(exp.Column):
 99                if column.table in unnest_aliases:
100                    column.set("table", None)
101                elif column.db in unnest_aliases:
102                    column.set("db", None)
103
104    return expression
105
106
107# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
108# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
109# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
110# SELECT y + 1 z
111# FROM x
112# GROUP BY x + 1
113# ORDER by z
114def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
115    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
116        group = expression.args.get("group")
117        order = expression.args.get("order")
118
119        if group and order:
120            aliases = {
121                select.this: select.args["alias"]
122                for select in expression.selects
123                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
124            }
125
126            for e in group.expressions:
127                alias = aliases.get(e)
128
129                if alias:
130                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
131
132    return expression
133
134
135def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
136    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
137    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
138        cte_query = expression.this
139
140        if cte_query.is_star:
141            logger.warning(
142                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
143                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
144            )
145            return expression
146
147        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
148        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
149
150        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
151            to_replace = select
152
153            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
154                select = select.this
155
156            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
157            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
158
159    return expression
160
161
162def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
163    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
164    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
165    return this
166
167
168def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
169    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
170    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
171
172
173def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
174    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
175    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
176    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
177
178
179def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
180    return self.sql(
181        exp.Exists(
182            this=exp.select("1")
183            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
184            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
185        )
186    )
187
188
189def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
190    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
191
192
193def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
194    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, "TIMESTAMP", copy=True))
195    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, "TIMESTAMP", copy=True))
196    unit = expression.args.get("unit") or "DAY"
197    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
198
199
200def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
201    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
202    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
203    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
204        return f"TIMESTAMP_SECONDS({timestamp})"
205    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
206        return f"TIMESTAMP_MILLIS({timestamp})"
207    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
208        return f"TIMESTAMP_MICROS({timestamp})"
209    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.NANOS:
210        # We need to cast to INT64 because that's what BQ expects
211        return f"TIMESTAMP_MICROS(CAST({timestamp} / 1000 AS INT64))"
212
213    self.unsupported(f"Unsupported scale for timestamp: {scale}.")
214    return ""
215
216
217class BigQuery(Dialect):
218    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
219    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
220    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
221    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
222
223    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
224    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
225
226    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
227    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
228
229    TIME_MAPPING = {
230        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
231    }
232
233    ESCAPE_SEQUENCES = {
234        "\\a": "\a",
235        "\\b": "\b",
236        "\\f": "\f",
237        "\\n": "\n",
238        "\\r": "\r",
239        "\\t": "\t",
240        "\\v": "\v",
241    }
242
243    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
244        "DD": "%d",
245        "MM": "%m",
246        "MON": "%b",
247        "MONTH": "%B",
248        "YYYY": "%Y",
249        "YY": "%y",
250        "HH": "%I",
251        "HH12": "%I",
252        "HH24": "%H",
253        "MI": "%M",
254        "SS": "%S",
255        "SSSSS": "%f",
256        "TZH": "%z",
257    }
258
259    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
260    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
261    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
262
263    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
264        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
265            parent = expression.parent
266            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
267                parent = parent.parent
268
269            # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
270            # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
271            # not they're qualified. It also avoids normalizing UDFs, because they're case-sensitive.
272            if (
273                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
274                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
275                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
276            ):
277                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
278
279        return expression
280
281    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
282        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
283        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
284        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
285        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
286
287        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
288
289        BYTE_STRINGS = [
290            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
291        ]
292
293        RAW_STRINGS = [
294            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
295        ]
296
297        KEYWORDS = {
298            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
299            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
300            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
301            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
302            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
303            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
304            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
305            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
306            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
307            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
308            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
309            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
310            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
311        }
312        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
313
314    class Parser(parser.Parser):
315        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
316
317        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
318
319        FUNCTIONS = {
320            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
321            "DATE": _parse_date,
322            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
323            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
324            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
325                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
326                this=seq_get(args, 0),
327            ),
328            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
329            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
330            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
331            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
332            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
333            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
334            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
335                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
336            ),
337            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
338            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
339            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
340                this=seq_get(args, 0),
341                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
342                position=seq_get(args, 2),
343                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
344                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
345            ),
346            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
347            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
348            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
349                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
350                this=seq_get(args, 0),
351                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
352            ),
353            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
354            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
355            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
356            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
357            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
358                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
359            ),
360            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
361                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
362            ),
363            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
364                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
365            ),
366            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
367        }
368
369        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
370            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
371            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
372        }
373        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
374
375        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
376            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
377            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
378        }
379
380        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
381            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
382            TokenType.TABLE,
383        }
384
385        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
386            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
387            TokenType.VALUES,
388        }
389
390        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
391            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
392            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
393                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
394            ),
395            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
396        }
397
398        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
399            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
400            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
401        }
402
403        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
404        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
405
406        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
407
408        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
409            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
410            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
411            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
412        }
413
414        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
415            "OFFSET": (0, False),
416            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
417            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
418            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
419        }
420
421        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
422            this = self._parse_range()
423            self._match_text_seq("DO")
424            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
425
426        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
427            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
428
429            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
430            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
431                table_name = this.name
432                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
433                    self._advance(2)
434                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
435
436                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
437            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
438                table_name = this.name
439
440                if (
441                    self._curr
442                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
443                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
444                ):
445                    table_name += self._prev.text
446
447                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
448
449            return this
450
451        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
452            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
453            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
454                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
455                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
456                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
457                )
458
459                if rest and this:
460                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
461
462                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
463
464            return table
465
466        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
467            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
468            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
469
470            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
471            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
472            if (
473                array_kv_pair
474                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
475                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
476            ):
477                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
478                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
479
480                json_object.set(
481                    "expressions",
482                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
483                )
484
485            return json_object
486
487        def _parse_bracket(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
488            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
489
490            if this is bracket:
491                return bracket
492
493            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
494                for expression in bracket.expressions:
495                    name = expression.name.upper()
496
497                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
498                        break
499
500                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
501                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
502                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
503                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
504
505            return bracket
506
507    class Generator(generator.Generator):
508        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
509        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
510        JOIN_HINTS = False
511        QUERY_HINTS = False
512        TABLE_HINTS = False
513        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
514        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
515        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
516        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
517        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
518        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
519
520        TRANSFORMS = {
521            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
522            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
523            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
524            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
525            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
526            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
527            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
528            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
529            if e.args.get("default")
530            else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
531            exp.Create: _create_sql,
532            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
533            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
534            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
535            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
536            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
537            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
538            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
539            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
540            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
541            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
542            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
543            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
544            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
545            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
546            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
547            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
548            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
549            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
550            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
551            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
552            exp.Min: min_or_least,
553            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
554            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
555                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
556                e.this,
557                e.expression,
558                e.args.get("position"),
559                e.args.get("occurrence"),
560            ),
561            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
562            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
563            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
564            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
565                [
566                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
567                    _unqualify_unnest,
568                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
569                    _alias_ordered_group,
570                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
571                ]
572            ),
573            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
574                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
575            ),
576            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
577            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
578            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
579            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
580            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
581                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
582            ),
583            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
584            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
585            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
586            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
587            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
588            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
589            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
590            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
591            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
592            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
593            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
594            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
595            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
596            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
597        }
598
599        TYPE_MAPPING = {
600            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
601            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
602            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
603            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
604            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
605            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
606            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
607            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
608            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
609            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
610            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
611            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
612            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
613            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
614            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
615            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
616            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
617            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
618            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
619            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
620            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
621        }
622
623        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
624            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
625            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
626            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
627        }
628
629        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
630        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
631            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
632            "all",
633            "and",
634            "any",
635            "array",
636            "as",
637            "asc",
638            "assert_rows_modified",
639            "at",
640            "between",
641            "by",
642            "case",
643            "cast",
644            "collate",
645            "contains",
646            "create",
647            "cross",
648            "cube",
649            "current",
650            "default",
651            "define",
652            "desc",
653            "distinct",
654            "else",
655            "end",
656            "enum",
657            "escape",
658            "except",
659            "exclude",
660            "exists",
661            "extract",
662            "false",
663            "fetch",
664            "following",
665            "for",
666            "from",
667            "full",
668            "group",
669            "grouping",
670            "groups",
671            "hash",
672            "having",
673            "if",
674            "ignore",
675            "in",
676            "inner",
677            "intersect",
678            "interval",
679            "into",
680            "is",
681            "join",
682            "lateral",
683            "left",
684            "like",
685            "limit",
686            "lookup",
687            "merge",
688            "natural",
689            "new",
690            "no",
691            "not",
692            "null",
693            "nulls",
694            "of",
695            "on",
696            "or",
697            "order",
698            "outer",
699            "over",
700            "partition",
701            "preceding",
702            "proto",
703            "qualify",
704            "range",
705            "recursive",
706            "respect",
707            "right",
708            "rollup",
709            "rows",
710            "select",
711            "set",
712            "some",
713            "struct",
714            "tablesample",
715            "then",
716            "to",
717            "treat",
718            "true",
719            "unbounded",
720            "union",
721            "unnest",
722            "using",
723            "when",
724            "where",
725            "window",
726            "with",
727            "within",
728        }
729
730        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
731            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
732            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
733                return "NULL"
734
735            return self.binary(expression, "=")
736
737        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
738            parent = expression.parent
739
740            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
741            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
742            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
743                return self.func(
744                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
745                )
746
747            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
748
749        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
750            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
751
752        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
753            if expression.alias_column_names:
754                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
755            return super().cte_sql(expression)
756
757        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
758            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
759            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
760                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
761
762            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
763
764        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
765            expressions = expression.expressions
766            expressions_sql = ", ".join(self.sql(e) for e in expressions)
767            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
768
769            if offset == 0:
770                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
771            elif offset == 1:
772                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
773            else:
774                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
775
776            if expression.args.get("safe"):
777                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
778
779            return f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')}[{expressions_sql}]"
780
781        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
782            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
783
784        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
785            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
786
787        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
788            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
789
790        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
791            return self.sql(expression)
792
793        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
794            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
795                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
796            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
797
798        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
799            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
800                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
801            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
802
803        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
804            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
805
806        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
807            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
808                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
809            return super().version_sql(expression)
logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
218class BigQuery(Dialect):
219    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
220    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
221    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
222    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
223
224    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
225    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
226
227    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
228    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
229
230    TIME_MAPPING = {
231        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
232    }
233
234    ESCAPE_SEQUENCES = {
235        "\\a": "\a",
236        "\\b": "\b",
237        "\\f": "\f",
238        "\\n": "\n",
239        "\\r": "\r",
240        "\\t": "\t",
241        "\\v": "\v",
242    }
243
244    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
245        "DD": "%d",
246        "MM": "%m",
247        "MON": "%b",
248        "MONTH": "%B",
249        "YYYY": "%Y",
250        "YY": "%y",
251        "HH": "%I",
252        "HH12": "%I",
253        "HH24": "%H",
254        "MI": "%M",
255        "SS": "%S",
256        "SSSSS": "%f",
257        "TZH": "%z",
258    }
259
260    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
261    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
262    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
263
264    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
265        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
266            parent = expression.parent
267            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
268                parent = parent.parent
269
270            # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
271            # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
272            # not they're qualified. It also avoids normalizing UDFs, because they're case-sensitive.
273            if (
274                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
275                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
276                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
277            ):
278                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
279
280        return expression
281
282    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
283        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
284        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
285        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
286        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
287
288        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
289
290        BYTE_STRINGS = [
291            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
292        ]
293
294        RAW_STRINGS = [
295            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
296        ]
297
298        KEYWORDS = {
299            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
300            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
301            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
302            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
303            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
304            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
305            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
306            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
307            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
308            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
309            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
310            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
311            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
312        }
313        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
314
315    class Parser(parser.Parser):
316        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
317
318        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
319
320        FUNCTIONS = {
321            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
322            "DATE": _parse_date,
323            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
324            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
325            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
326                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
327                this=seq_get(args, 0),
328            ),
329            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
330            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
331            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
332            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
333            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
334            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
335            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
336                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
337            ),
338            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
339            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
340            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
341                this=seq_get(args, 0),
342                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
343                position=seq_get(args, 2),
344                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
345                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
346            ),
347            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
348            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
349            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
350                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
351                this=seq_get(args, 0),
352                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
353            ),
354            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
355            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
356            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
357            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
358            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
359                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
360            ),
361            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
362                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
363            ),
364            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
365                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
366            ),
367            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
368        }
369
370        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
371            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
372            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
373        }
374        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
375
376        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
377            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
378            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
379        }
380
381        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
382            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
383            TokenType.TABLE,
384        }
385
386        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
387            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
388            TokenType.VALUES,
389        }
390
391        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
392            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
393            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
394                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
395            ),
396            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
397        }
398
399        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
400            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
401            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
402        }
403
404        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
405        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
406
407        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
408
409        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
410            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
411            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
412            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
413        }
414
415        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
416            "OFFSET": (0, False),
417            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
418            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
419            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
420        }
421
422        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
423            this = self._parse_range()
424            self._match_text_seq("DO")
425            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
426
427        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
428            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
429
430            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
431            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
432                table_name = this.name
433                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
434                    self._advance(2)
435                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
436
437                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
438            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
439                table_name = this.name
440
441                if (
442                    self._curr
443                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
444                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
445                ):
446                    table_name += self._prev.text
447
448                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
449
450            return this
451
452        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
453            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
454            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
455                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
456                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
457                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
458                )
459
460                if rest and this:
461                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
462
463                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
464
465            return table
466
467        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
468            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
469            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
470
471            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
472            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
473            if (
474                array_kv_pair
475                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
476                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
477            ):
478                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
479                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
480
481                json_object.set(
482                    "expressions",
483                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
484                )
485
486            return json_object
487
488        def _parse_bracket(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
489            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
490
491            if this is bracket:
492                return bracket
493
494            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
495                for expression in bracket.expressions:
496                    name = expression.name.upper()
497
498                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
499                        break
500
501                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
502                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
503                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
504                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
505
506            return bracket
507
508    class Generator(generator.Generator):
509        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
510        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
511        JOIN_HINTS = False
512        QUERY_HINTS = False
513        TABLE_HINTS = False
514        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
515        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
516        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
517        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
518        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
519        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
520
521        TRANSFORMS = {
522            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
523            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
524            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
525            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
526            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
527            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
528            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
529            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
530            if e.args.get("default")
531            else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
532            exp.Create: _create_sql,
533            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
534            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
535            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
536            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
537            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
538            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
539            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
540            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
541            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
542            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
543            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
544            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
545            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
546            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
547            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
548            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
549            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
550            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
551            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
552            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
553            exp.Min: min_or_least,
554            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
555            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
556                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
557                e.this,
558                e.expression,
559                e.args.get("position"),
560                e.args.get("occurrence"),
561            ),
562            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
563            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
564            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
565            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
566                [
567                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
568                    _unqualify_unnest,
569                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
570                    _alias_ordered_group,
571                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
572                ]
573            ),
574            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
575                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
576            ),
577            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
578            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
579            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
580            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
581            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
582                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
583            ),
584            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
585            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
586            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
587            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
588            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
589            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
590            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
591            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
592            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
593            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
594            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
595            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
596            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
597            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
598        }
599
600        TYPE_MAPPING = {
601            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
602            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
603            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
604            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
605            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
606            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
607            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
608            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
609            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
610            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
611            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
612            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
613            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
614            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
615            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
616            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
617            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
618            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
619            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
620            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
621            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
622        }
623
624        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
625            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
626            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
627            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
628        }
629
630        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
631        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
632            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
633            "all",
634            "and",
635            "any",
636            "array",
637            "as",
638            "asc",
639            "assert_rows_modified",
640            "at",
641            "between",
642            "by",
643            "case",
644            "cast",
645            "collate",
646            "contains",
647            "create",
648            "cross",
649            "cube",
650            "current",
651            "default",
652            "define",
653            "desc",
654            "distinct",
655            "else",
656            "end",
657            "enum",
658            "escape",
659            "except",
660            "exclude",
661            "exists",
662            "extract",
663            "false",
664            "fetch",
665            "following",
666            "for",
667            "from",
668            "full",
669            "group",
670            "grouping",
671            "groups",
672            "hash",
673            "having",
674            "if",
675            "ignore",
676            "in",
677            "inner",
678            "intersect",
679            "interval",
680            "into",
681            "is",
682            "join",
683            "lateral",
684            "left",
685            "like",
686            "limit",
687            "lookup",
688            "merge",
689            "natural",
690            "new",
691            "no",
692            "not",
693            "null",
694            "nulls",
695            "of",
696            "on",
697            "or",
698            "order",
699            "outer",
700            "over",
701            "partition",
702            "preceding",
703            "proto",
704            "qualify",
705            "range",
706            "recursive",
707            "respect",
708            "right",
709            "rollup",
710            "rows",
711            "select",
712            "set",
713            "some",
714            "struct",
715            "tablesample",
716            "then",
717            "to",
718            "treat",
719            "true",
720            "unbounded",
721            "union",
722            "unnest",
723            "using",
724            "when",
725            "where",
726            "window",
727            "with",
728            "within",
729        }
730
731        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
732            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
733            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
734                return "NULL"
735
736            return self.binary(expression, "=")
737
738        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
739            parent = expression.parent
740
741            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
742            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
743            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
744                return self.func(
745                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
746                )
747
748            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
749
750        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
751            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
752
753        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
754            if expression.alias_column_names:
755                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
756            return super().cte_sql(expression)
757
758        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
759            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
760            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
761                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
762
763            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
764
765        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
766            expressions = expression.expressions
767            expressions_sql = ", ".join(self.sql(e) for e in expressions)
768            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
769
770            if offset == 0:
771                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
772            elif offset == 1:
773                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
774            else:
775                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
776
777            if expression.args.get("safe"):
778                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
779
780            return f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')}[{expressions_sql}]"
781
782        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
783            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
784
785        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
786            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
787
788        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
789            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
790
791        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
792            return self.sql(expression)
793
794        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
795            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
796                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
797            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
798
799        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
800            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
801                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
802            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
803
804        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
805            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
806
807        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
808            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
809                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
810            return super().version_sql(expression)
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}
def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E:
264    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
265        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
266            parent = expression.parent
267            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
268                parent = parent.parent
269
270            # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
271            # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
272            # not they're qualified. It also avoids normalizing UDFs, because they're case-sensitive.
273            if (
274                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
275                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
276                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
277            ):
278                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
279
280        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like FoO would be resolved as foo in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as FOO. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
282    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
283        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
284        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
285        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
286        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
287
288        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
289
290        BYTE_STRINGS = [
291            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
292        ]
293
294        RAW_STRINGS = [
295            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
296        ]
297
298        KEYWORDS = {
299            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
300            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
301            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
302            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
303            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
304            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
305            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
306            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
307            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
308            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
309            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
310            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
311            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
312        }
313        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}
class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
315    class Parser(parser.Parser):
316        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
317
318        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
319
320        FUNCTIONS = {
321            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
322            "DATE": _parse_date,
323            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
324            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
325            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
326                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
327                this=seq_get(args, 0),
328            ),
329            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
330            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
331            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
332            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
333            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
334            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
335            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
336                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
337            ),
338            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
339            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
340            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
341                this=seq_get(args, 0),
342                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
343                position=seq_get(args, 2),
344                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
345                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
346            ),
347            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
348            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
349            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
350                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
351                this=seq_get(args, 0),
352                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
353            ),
354            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
355            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
356            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
357            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
358            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
359                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
360            ),
361            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
362                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
363            ),
364            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
365                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
366            ),
367            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
368        }
369
370        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
371            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
372            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
373        }
374        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
375
376        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
377            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
378            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
379        }
380
381        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
382            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
383            TokenType.TABLE,
384        }
385
386        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
387            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
388            TokenType.VALUES,
389        }
390
391        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
392            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
393            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
394                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
395            ),
396            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
397        }
398
399        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
400            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
401            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
402        }
403
404        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
405        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
406
407        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
408
409        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
410            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
411            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
412            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
413        }
414
415        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
416            "OFFSET": (0, False),
417            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
418            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
419            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
420        }
421
422        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
423            this = self._parse_range()
424            self._match_text_seq("DO")
425            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
426
427        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
428            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
429
430            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
431            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
432                table_name = this.name
433                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
434                    self._advance(2)
435                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
436
437                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
438            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
439                table_name = this.name
440
441                if (
442                    self._curr
443                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
444                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
445                ):
446                    table_name += self._prev.text
447
448                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
449
450            return this
451
452        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
453            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
454            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
455                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
456                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
457                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
458                )
459
460                if rest and this:
461                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
462
463                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
464
465            return table
466
467        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
468            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
469            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
470
471            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
472            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
473            if (
474                array_kv_pair
475                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
476                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
477            ):
478                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
479                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
480
481                json_object.set(
482                    "expressions",
483                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
484                )
485
486            return json_object
487
488        def _parse_bracket(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
489            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
490
491            if this is bracket:
492                return bracket
493
494            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
495                for expression in bracket.expressions:
496                    name = expression.name.upper()
497
498                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
499                        break
500
501                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
502                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
503                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
504                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
505
506            return bracket

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
508    class Generator(generator.Generator):
509        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
510        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
511        JOIN_HINTS = False
512        QUERY_HINTS = False
513        TABLE_HINTS = False
514        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
515        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
516        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
517        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
518        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
519        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
520
521        TRANSFORMS = {
522            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
523            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
524            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
525            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
526            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
527            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
528            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
529            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
530            if e.args.get("default")
531            else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
532            exp.Create: _create_sql,
533            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
534            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
535            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
536            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
537            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
538            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
539            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
540            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
541            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
542            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
543            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
544            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
545            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
546            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
547            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
548            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
549            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
550            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
551            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
552            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
553            exp.Min: min_or_least,
554            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
555            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
556                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
557                e.this,
558                e.expression,
559                e.args.get("position"),
560                e.args.get("occurrence"),
561            ),
562            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
563            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
564            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
565            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
566                [
567                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
568                    _unqualify_unnest,
569                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
570                    _alias_ordered_group,
571                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
572                ]
573            ),
574            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
575                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
576            ),
577            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
578            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
579            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
580            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
581            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
582                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
583            ),
584            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
585            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
586            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
587            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
588            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
589            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
590            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
591            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
592            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
593            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
594            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
595            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
596            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
597            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
598        }
599
600        TYPE_MAPPING = {
601            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
602            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
603            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
604            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
605            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
606            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
607            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
608            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
609            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
610            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
611            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
612            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
613            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
614            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
615            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
616            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
617            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
618            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
619            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
620            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
621            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
622        }
623
624        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
625            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
626            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
627            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
628        }
629
630        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
631        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
632            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
633            "all",
634            "and",
635            "any",
636            "array",
637            "as",
638            "asc",
639            "assert_rows_modified",
640            "at",
641            "between",
642            "by",
643            "case",
644            "cast",
645            "collate",
646            "contains",
647            "create",
648            "cross",
649            "cube",
650            "current",
651            "default",
652            "define",
653            "desc",
654            "distinct",
655            "else",
656            "end",
657            "enum",
658            "escape",
659            "except",
660            "exclude",
661            "exists",
662            "extract",
663            "false",
664            "fetch",
665            "following",
666            "for",
667            "from",
668            "full",
669            "group",
670            "grouping",
671            "groups",
672            "hash",
673            "having",
674            "if",
675            "ignore",
676            "in",
677            "inner",
678            "intersect",
679            "interval",
680            "into",
681            "is",
682            "join",
683            "lateral",
684            "left",
685            "like",
686            "limit",
687            "lookup",
688            "merge",
689            "natural",
690            "new",
691            "no",
692            "not",
693            "null",
694            "nulls",
695            "of",
696            "on",
697            "or",
698            "order",
699            "outer",
700            "over",
701            "partition",
702            "preceding",
703            "proto",
704            "qualify",
705            "range",
706            "recursive",
707            "respect",
708            "right",
709            "rollup",
710            "rows",
711            "select",
712            "set",
713            "some",
714            "struct",
715            "tablesample",
716            "then",
717            "to",
718            "treat",
719            "true",
720            "unbounded",
721            "union",
722            "unnest",
723            "using",
724            "when",
725            "where",
726            "window",
727            "with",
728            "within",
729        }
730
731        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
732            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
733            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
734                return "NULL"
735
736            return self.binary(expression, "=")
737
738        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
739            parent = expression.parent
740
741            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
742            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
743            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
744                return self.func(
745                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
746                )
747
748            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
749
750        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
751            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
752
753        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
754            if expression.alias_column_names:
755                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
756            return super().cte_sql(expression)
757
758        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
759            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
760            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
761                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
762
763            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
764
765        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
766            expressions = expression.expressions
767            expressions_sql = ", ".join(self.sql(e) for e in expressions)
768            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
769
770            if offset == 0:
771                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
772            elif offset == 1:
773                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
774            else:
775                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
776
777            if expression.args.get("safe"):
778                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
779
780            return f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')}[{expressions_sql}]"
781
782        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
783            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
784
785        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
786            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
787
788        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
789            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
790
791        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
792            return self.sql(expression)
793
794        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
795            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
796                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
797            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
798
799        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
800            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
801                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
802            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
803
804        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
805            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
806
807        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
808            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
809                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
810            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONKeyValue'>: <function json_keyvalue_comma_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'enum', 'within', 'some', 'extract', 'recursive', 'when', 'escape', 'create', 'or', 'between', 'like', 'set', 'in', 'range', 'case', 'order', 'array', 'contains', 'all', 'cast', 'left', 'over', 'default', 'following', 'treat', 'define', 'except', 'rollup', 'groups', 'using', 'limit', 'by', 'unnest', 'into', 'for', 'cube', 'rows', 'group', 'new', 'true', 'not', 'any', 'window', 'inner', 'select', 'natural', 'merge', 'then', 'cross', 'tablesample', 'interval', 'qualify', 'nulls', 'where', 'at', 'unbounded', 'outer', 'join', 'grouping', 'assert_rows_modified', 'proto', 'as', 'and', 'fetch', 'full', 'desc', 'partition', 'if', 'ignore', 'collate', 'no', 'exists', 'respect', 'null', 'with', 'exclude', 'having', 'from', 'asc', 'false', 'right', 'union', 'current', 'lateral', 'of', 'lookup', 'distinct', 'struct', 'end', 'hash', 'is', 'intersect', 'else', 'to', 'on', 'preceding'}
def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str:
731        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
732            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
733            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
734                return "NULL"
735
736            return self.binary(expression, "=")
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str:
738        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
739            parent = expression.parent
740
741            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
742            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
743            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
744                return self.func(
745                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
746                )
747
748            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
750        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
751            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str:
753        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
754            if expression.alias_column_names:
755                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
756            return super().cte_sql(expression)
def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str:
758        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
759            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
760            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
761                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
762
763            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
765        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
766            expressions = expression.expressions
767            expressions_sql = ", ".join(self.sql(e) for e in expressions)
768            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
769
770            if offset == 0:
771                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
772            elif offset == 1:
773                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
774            else:
775                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
776
777            if expression.args.get("safe"):
778                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
779
780            return f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')}[{expressions_sql}]"
def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
782        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
783            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
785        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
786            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
788        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
789            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
791        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
792            return self.sql(expression)
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
794        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
795            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
796                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
797            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
799        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
800            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
801                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
802            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
804        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
805            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str:
807        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
808            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
809                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
810            return super().version_sql(expression)
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
SELECT_KINDS
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITONS
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
dialect
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
preprocess
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
column_sql
columnposition_sql
columndef_sql
columnconstraint_sql
computedcolumnconstraint_sql
autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
compresscolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
transformcolumnconstraint_sql
primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
createable_sql
create_sql
clone_sql
describe_sql
prepend_ctes
with_sql
tablealias_sql
bitstring_sql
hexstring_sql
bytestring_sql
rawstring_sql
datatypeparam_sql
datatype_sql
directory_sql
delete_sql
drop_sql
except_sql
fetch_sql
filter_sql
hint_sql
index_sql
identifier_sql
inputoutputformat_sql
national_sql
partition_sql
properties_sql
root_properties
properties
locate_properties
property_name
property_sql
likeproperty_sql
fallbackproperty_sql
journalproperty_sql
freespaceproperty_sql
checksumproperty_sql
mergeblockratioproperty_sql
datablocksizeproperty_sql
blockcompressionproperty_sql
isolatedloadingproperty_sql
partitionboundspec_sql
partitionedofproperty_sql
lockingproperty_sql
withdataproperty_sql
withsystemversioningproperty_sql
insert_sql
intersect_sql
introducer_sql
kill_sql
pseudotype_sql
objectidentifier_sql
onconflict_sql
returning_sql
rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
withtablehint_sql
indextablehint_sql
table_sql
tablesample_sql
pivot_sql
tuple_sql
update_sql
values_sql
var_sql
into_sql
from_sql
group_sql
having_sql
connect_sql
prior_sql
join_sql
lambda_sql
lateral_sql
limit_sql
offset_sql
setitem_sql
set_sql
pragma_sql
lock_sql
literal_sql
escape_str
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null_sql
boolean_sql
order_sql
cluster_sql
distribute_sql
sort_sql
ordered_sql
matchrecognize_sql
query_modifiers
offset_limit_modifiers
after_having_modifiers
after_limit_modifiers
select_sql
schema_sql
schema_columns_sql
star_sql
parameter_sql
sessionparameter_sql
placeholder_sql
subquery_sql
qualify_sql
union_sql
union_op
unnest_sql
where_sql
window_sql
partition_by_sql
windowspec_sql
withingroup_sql
between_sql
all_sql
any_sql
exists_sql
case_sql
constraint_sql
nextvaluefor_sql
extract_sql
trim_sql
convert_concat_args
concat_sql
concatws_sql
check_sql
foreignkey_sql
primarykey_sql
if_sql
matchagainst_sql
jsonkeyvalue_sql
formatjson_sql
jsonobject_sql
jsonarray_sql
jsonarrayagg_sql
jsoncolumndef_sql
jsonschema_sql
jsontable_sql
openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
interval_sql
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
aliases_sql
add_sql
and_sql
xor_sql
connector_sql
bitwiseand_sql
bitwiseleftshift_sql
bitwisenot_sql
bitwiseor_sql
bitwiserightshift_sql
bitwisexor_sql
cast_sql
currentdate_sql
collate_sql
command_sql
comment_sql
mergetreettlaction_sql
mergetreettl_sql
altercolumn_sql
renametable_sql
altertable_sql
add_column_sql
droppartition_sql
addconstraint_sql
distinct_sql
ignorenulls_sql
respectnulls_sql
intdiv_sql
dpipe_sql
div_sql
overlaps_sql
distance_sql
dot_sql
propertyeq_sql
escape_sql
glob_sql
gt_sql
gte_sql
ilike_sql
ilikeany_sql
is_sql
like_sql
likeany_sql
similarto_sql
lt_sql
lte_sql
mod_sql
mul_sql
neq_sql
nullsafeeq_sql
nullsafeneq_sql
or_sql
slice_sql
sub_sql
log_sql
use_sql
binary
function_fallback_sql
func
format_args
text_width
format_time
expressions
op_expressions
naked_property
set_operation
tag_sql
token_sql
userdefinedfunction_sql
joinhint_sql
kwarg_sql
when_sql
merge_sql
tochar_sql
dictproperty_sql
dictrange_sql
dictsubproperty_sql
oncluster_sql
clusteredbyproperty_sql
anyvalue_sql
querytransform_sql
indexconstraintoption_sql
indexcolumnconstraint_sql
nvl2_sql
comprehension_sql
columnprefix_sql
opclass_sql
predict_sql
forin_sql
refresh_sql
operator_sql