path op• 資料種類:image2d × matrix → table
• 呼叫: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.car_hybrid_astar(occupancy, poses, radius=1.0, cell=1.0, step=None, n_theta=72, allow_reverse=True, footprint=None, clearance=0.0, reverse_penalty=0.0, switch_penalty=0.0, steer_penalty=0.0, shot_every=None, max_expansions=200000, return_tree=False)(要直接呼叫實作,import carpath; carpath.car_hybrid_astar(occupancy, poses, radius=1.0, cell=1.0, step=None, n_theta=72, allow_reverse=True, footprint=None, clearance=0.0, reverse_penalty=0.0, switch_penalty=0.0, steer_penalty=0.0, shot_every=None, max_expansions=200000, return_tree=False);從台帳取用則 opsgraph.get("car_hybrid_astar"))
> 該運算子的說明尚無譯文,以下照原文給出。
Hybrid A* (Dolgov, Thrun, Montemerlo and Diebel 2010): a car's path through an occupancy grid.
`occupancy is a 2-D grid (> 0.5 = obstacle); cell (row, col)` covers metres
`x in [col*cell, (col+1)*cell), y in [row*cell, (row+1)*cell). poses` is
`[[x, y, theta], [x', y', theta']]` (start, goal) in metres/radians. The car has minimum turning
radius `radius; footprint=(length, width, rear_offset)` is a rectangle in rear-axle coordinates
(`None = point car with clearance` metres kept from obstacles). Motion primitives are
{left, straight, right} × {forward, reverse if `allow_reverse} arcs of step` metres (default
`1.01·sqrt(2)·cell`, so each primitive leaves its cell); states are pruned per discrete cell
`(col, row, theta bin of 2π/n_theta). Cost = path length + reverse_penalty`·(reversed length)
+ `switch_penalty per gear change + steer_penalty` per steering change (all default 0, so the
cost is the geometric length). The heuristic is the obstacle-free Reeds–Shepp length (Dubins when
reversing is disallowed), admissible because every penalty is non-negative. At the start node, and then
every `shot_every expansions (default None = adaptive: a node with cost-to-go h` tries when the
expansion count is a multiple of `ceil(h / step)`, so nodes near the goal try every time, as in the
paper), the shortest analytic path from the node to the goal is collision-checked, and the search ends
when that shot is free. On an obstacle-free grid the first shot succeeds and the result equals the
Reeds–Shepp (Dubins) length exactly; with obstacles the result is never below it (`lower_bound`).
Cell pruning makes Hybrid A* an approximation of the optimum among all feasible paths, as in the paper.
Returns `points (N, 3)` poses along the path (start, tree part, analytic shot to the goal),
`length (metres), cost, lower_bound` (Reeds–Shepp/Dubins length start→goal),
`segments [(kind, gear, length)] of the whole path, n_expanded, n_generated`,
`closed_by_shot (True when the analytic expansion ended the search; False` when the goal cell
itself was popped), `shot_from (pose where the shot started), tree ((K, 3)` expanded poses,
only when `return_tree`).
Raises `ValueError: grid not 2-D or empty; poses not (2, 3)` finite, outside the grid or in
collision; `radius/cell/step not positive, n_theta < 4`, negative penalties; the goal is
unreachable (open set exhausted) or `max_expansions` was hit (reported, never a partial path).
• 範例資料目錄(下載 URL / 授權) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有領域)加合成圖,3-D 給出真實資料源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下載 URL。
• 運算子來歷與參考文獻 —— 該運算子族所依據的研究/方法出處。
• 演算法的正典(作者・年份)與用途見上面的族使用指南。
• poc_car_parking — py -3.11 examples/poc_car_parking.py
• poc_driving_school — py -3.11 examples/poc_driving_school.py
table 作為輸入)graph_edge_consensus · graph_core_persistence · tree_morphometry · tree_sholl · tree_run_length
path)car_dubins_path · car_reeds_shepp_path
*Provenance: carpath.py — GRAPH 運算子登記表。本條目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自動產生(請勿手動編輯)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.