--- title: tqdm keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "Utilities to use tqdm with joblib" description: "Utilities to use tqdm with joblib" nb_path: "01_tqdm.ipynb" ---
class
ProgressParallel
[source]
ProgressParallel
(n_jobs
=None
,backend
=None
,verbose
=0
,timeout
=None
,pre_dispatch
=`'2 n_jobs'*, **
batch_size**=*
'auto'*, **
temp_folder**=*
None*, **
max_nbytes**=*
'1M'*, **
mmap_mode**=*
'r'*, **
prefer**=*
None*, **
require**=*
None*) ::
Parallel`
Helper class for readable parallel mapping.
Read more in the :ref:User Guide <parallel>
.
n_jobs: int, default: None The maximum number of concurrently running jobs, such as the number of Python worker processes when backend="multiprocessing" or the size of the thread-pool when backend="threading". If -1 all CPUs are used. If 1 is given, no parallel computing code is used at all, which is useful for debugging. For n_jobs below -1, (n_cpus + 1 + n_jobs) are used. Thus for n_jobs = -2, all CPUs but one are used. None is a marker for 'unset' that will be interpreted as n_jobs=1 (sequential execution) unless the call is performed under a parallel_backend context manager that sets another value for n_jobs. backend: str, ParallelBackendBase instance or None, default: 'loky' Specify the parallelization backend implementation. Supported backends are:
- "loky" used by default, can induce some
communication and memory overhead when exchanging input and
output data with the worker Python processes.
- "multiprocessing" previous process-based backend based on
`multiprocessing.Pool`. Less robust than `loky`.
- "threading" is a very low-overhead backend but it suffers
from the Python Global Interpreter Lock if the called function
relies a lot on Python objects. "threading" is mostly useful
when the execution bottleneck is a compiled extension that
explicitly releases the GIL (for instance a Cython loop wrapped
in a "with nogil" block or an expensive call to a library such
as NumPy).
- finally, you can register backends by calling
register_parallel_backend. This will allow you to implement
a backend of your liking.
It is not recommended to hard-code the backend name in a call to
Parallel in a library. Instead it is recommended to set soft hints
(prefer) or hard constraints (require) so as to make it possible
for library users to change the backend from the outside using the
parallel_backend context manager.
prefer: str in {'processes', 'threads'} or None, default: None
Soft hint to choose the default backend if no specific backend
was selected with the parallel_backend context manager. The
default process-based backend is 'loky' and the default
thread-based backend is 'threading'. Ignored if the backend
parameter is specified.
require: 'sharedmem' or None, default None
Hard constraint to select the backend. If set to 'sharedmem',
the selected backend will be single-host and thread-based even
if the user asked for a non-thread based backend with
parallel_backend.
verbose: int, optional
The verbosity level: if non zero, progress messages are
printed. Above 50, the output is sent to stdout.
The frequency of the messages increases with the verbosity level.
If it more than 10, all iterations are reported.
timeout: float, optional
Timeout limit for each task to complete. If any task takes longer
a TimeOutError will be raised. Only applied when n_jobs != 1
pre_dispatch: {'all', integer, or expression, as in '3n_jobs'}
The number of batches (of tasks) to be pre-dispatched.
Default is '2n_jobs'. When batch_size="auto" this is reasonable
default and the workers should never starve.
batch_size: int or 'auto', default: 'auto'
The number of atomic tasks to dispatch at once to each
worker. When individual evaluations are very fast, dispatching
calls to workers can be slower than sequential computation because
of the overhead. Batching fast computations together can mitigate
this.
The 'auto'
strategy keeps track of the time it takes for a batch
to complete, and dynamically adjusts the batch size to keep the time
on the order of half a second, using a heuristic. The initial batch
size is 1.
batch_size="auto"
with backend="threading"
will dispatch
batches of a single task at a time as the threading backend has
very little overhead and using larger batch size has not proved to
bring any gain in that case.
temp_folder: str, optional
Folder to be used by the pool for memmapping large arrays
for sharing memory with worker processes. If None, this will try in
order:
- a folder pointed by the JOBLIB_TEMP_FOLDER environment
variable,
- /dev/shm if the folder exists and is writable: this is a
RAM disk filesystem available by default on modern Linux
distributions,
- the default system temporary folder that can be
overridden with TMP, TMPDIR or TEMP environment
variables, typically /tmp under Unix operating systems.
Only active when backend="loky" or "multiprocessing".
max_nbytes int, str, or None, optional, 1M by default Threshold on the size of arrays passed to the workers that triggers automated memory mapping in temp_folder. Can be an int in Bytes, or a human-readable string, e.g., '1M' for 1 megabyte. Use None to disable memmapping of large arrays. Only active when backend="loky" or "multiprocessing". mmap_mode: {None, 'r+', 'r', 'w+', 'c'} Memmapping mode for numpy arrays passed to workers. See 'max_nbytes' parameter documentation for more details.
This object uses workers to compute in parallel the application of a function to many different arguments. The main functionality it brings in addition to using the raw multiprocessing or concurrent.futures API are (see examples for details):
More readable code, in particular since it avoids constructing list of arguments.
Easier debugging:
An optional progress meter.
Interruption of multiprocesses jobs with 'Ctrl-C'
Flexible pickling control for the communication to and from the worker processes.
Ability to use shared memory efficiently with worker processes for large numpy-based datastructures.
A simple example:
from math import sqrt from joblib import Parallel, delayed Parallel(n_jobs=1)(delayed(sqrt)(i**2) for i in range(10)) [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0]
Reshaping the output when the function has several return values:
from math import modf from joblib import Parallel, delayed r = Parallel(n_jobs=1)(delayed(modf)(i/2.) for i in range(10)) res, i = zip(*r) res (0.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.5) i (0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0)
The progress meter: the higher the value of verbose
, the more
messages:
from time import sleep from joblib import Parallel, delayed r = Parallel(njobs=2, verbose=10)(delayed(sleep)(.2) for in range(10)) #doctest: +SKIP [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 1 tasks | elapsed: 0.6s [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 4 tasks | elapsed: 0.8s [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 10 out of 10 | elapsed: 1.4s finished
Traceback example, note how the line of the error is indicated as well as the values of the parameter passed to the function that triggered the exception, even though the traceback happens in the child process:
from heapq import nlargest from joblib import Parallel, delayed Parallel(n_jobs=2)(delayed(nlargest)(2, n) for n in (range(4), 'abcde', 3)) #doctest: +SKIP
...
Sub-process traceback:
TypeError Mon Nov 12 11:37:46 2012 PID: 12934 Python 2.7.3: /usr/bin/python ........................................................................... /usr/lib/python2.7/heapq.pyc in nlargest(n=2, iterable=3, key=None) 419 if n >= size: 420 return sorted(iterable, key=key, reverse=True)[:n] 421 422 # When key is none, use simpler decoration 423 if key is None: --> 424 it = izip(iterable, count(0,-1)) # decorate 425 result = _nlargest(n, it) 426 return map(itemgetter(0), result) # undecorate 427 428 # General case, slowest method TypeError: izip argument #1 must support iteration
Using pre_dispatch in a producer/consumer situation, where the data is generated on the fly. Note how the producer is first called 3 times before the parallel loop is initiated, and then called to generate new data on the fly:
from math import sqrt from joblib import Parallel, delayed def producer(): ... for i in range(6): ... print('Produced %s' % i) ... yield i out = Parallel(n_jobs=2, verbose=100, pre_dispatch='1.5*n_jobs')( ... delayed(sqrt)(i) for i in producer()) #doctest: +SKIP Produced 0 Produced 1 Produced 2 [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 1 jobs | elapsed: 0.0s Produced 3 [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 2 jobs | elapsed: 0.0s Produced 4 [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 3 jobs | elapsed: 0.0s Produced 5 [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 4 jobs | elapsed: 0.0s [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 6 out of 6 | elapsed: 0.0s remaining: 0.0s [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 6 out of 6 | elapsed: 0.0s finished
import joblib
from tqdm.auto import tqdm
class ProgressParallel(joblib.Parallel):
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
with tqdm(total=kwargs["total"]) as self._pbar:
del kwargs["total"]
return joblib.Parallel.__call__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def print_progress(self):
self._pbar.n = self.n_completed_tasks
self._pbar.refresh()