Grid-Forming Control
--------------------

These examples demonstrate grid-forming control. The example :doc:`/grid_examples/grid_forming/plot_13kva_rfpsc_gfm` uses a power-synchronization loop for synchronizing with the grid [#Har2020]_. In :doc:`/grid_examples/grid_forming/plot_13kva_do_gfm`, disturbance-observer-based control is used [#Nur2024]_. The example :doc:`/grid_examples/grid_forming/plot_13kva_do_gfm_negseq` extends the disturbance-observer-based control method with the addition of negative sequence [#Maa2026b]_.

.. rubric:: References

.. [#Har2020] Harnefors, Rahman, Hinkkanen, Routimo, "Reference-feedforward power-synchronization control," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2970991

.. [#Nur2024] Nurminen, Mourouvin, Hinkkanen, Kukkola, "Multifunctional grid-forming converter control based on a disturbance observer," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2024.3433503

.. [#Maa2026b] Määttä, Hinkkanen, Nurminen, Karaca, Mourouvin, Kukkola, Harnefors, "Disturbance-observer-based grid-forming control for unbalanced grids," 2026, https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.11857
