wave_membrane_mode — MATH wave op

• Data kinds: none → matrix (an op determined by its arguments alone — it takes no image or data input)

• Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.wave_membrane_mode(kind='rectangular', m=2, n=3, shape=(256, 256), aspect=1.0, free_edge=True) (to call the implementation directly, import mathops; mathops.wave_membrane_mode(kind='rectangular', m=2, n=3, shape=(256, 256), aspect=1.0, free_edge=True); from the registry, opsmath.get("wave_membrane_mode"))

Usage

One eigenmode of a vibrating membrane — the shape the sand draws.

★This is a membrane, not a plate. The familiar Chladni pattern

`cos(m pi x) cos(n pi y) - cos(n pi x) cos(m pi y)` solves the Helmholtz

equation with free (Neumann) edges; a real Chladni *plate* obeys the

biharmonic equation and has a different frequency ladder. The pictures

look alike, the frequencies do not — so this op says membrane and is checked

against membrane truth only.

`kind="rectangular"` returns the (possibly combined) cosine mode over a

rectangle of the given *aspect*; `kind="circular"` returns

`J_m(k r) cos(m theta) with k` from the Bessel zero, zero outside the disc.

★Why this earns its place: the nodal lines of a rectangular mode are known

by count — a simple `(m, n) mode has m-1` interior vertical and

`n-1` horizontal nodal lines — and the circular mode's nodal circles are at

the ratios of successive Bessel zeros. The drawing can therefore be graded.

Returns a `matrix` (signed displacement, peak scaled to 1). Use

:func:wave_nodal_lines for the zero set.

Raises `ValueError: unknown kind; m/n` below the valid range;

a grid over the cap; non-positive aspect; `free_edge=False` combined with

`m == n` for the combined mode (the difference vanishes identically).

HALCON: no operator.

Family-wide input contract (fail-closed)

Every mathops op validates its input before computing (nothing slips through silently):

• **complex input raises ValueError** — coercing to float64 silently discards the imaginary part (numpy only emits a ComplexWarning and returns a plausible-looking wrong real number). State .real/.imag/abs() explicitly, or use complexops, which handles complex data.

• **masked arrays with masked elements raise ValueError** — the implicit conversion that peels off the mask and uses the raw values underneath is refused. Say explicitly whether to fill or to drop.

• **NaN/Inf raises ValueError on every input** (refused with the count stated — it propagates through the whole result).

• Shapes are strict: 1-D and 2-D are never implicitly promoted or broadcast (a matrix in a vector slot, or a vector in a matrix slot, raises ValueError; reshape explicitly).

• Size cap: ops that take a matrix, and the stat_histogram bins, raise ValueError beyond mathops.MAX_ELEMENTS (2^26 ≈ 67 million elements).

Detailed usage guide

• math_metrology family guide

References (sample data, literature)

• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).

• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.

• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.

Runnable examples (verified samples that actually call this op)

• poc_beats_fringes_and_screens — py -3.11 examples/poc_beats_fringes_and_screens.py

Ops the type connects to (they accept matrix as input)

mat_solve · mat_lstsq · mat_svd · mat_eigh · mat_pinv · mat_cond · stat_covariance · stat_correlation

Same category (wave)

wave_mode_frequencies · wave_nodal_lines · wave_two_slit · wave_fringe_period · wave_grating_orders


*Provenance: mathops.py — MATH operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*

© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.