design op• Data kinds: table → table
• Call: import raytrace; raytrace.tolerance_analysis(system, tolerances=None, trials=100, seed=0, field=None, rings=6) (or opsoptics.get("tolerance_analysis"))
Monte-Carlo manufacturing tolerances + per-parameter sensitivities (`table`).
*tolerances*: ``{"radius_pct": 0.5, "thickness_mm": 0.05, "index": 0.001,
"decenter_mm": 0.02, "tilt_deg": 0.05}`` — each perturbation is drawn
uniformly in `±tol` for every surface independently, *trials* times.
Returns the distribution of `efl and rms_spot` (mean, std, p5, p95,
worst), the nominal values, and `sensitivity`: the change of EFL and RMS
spot per one full tolerance of each parameter on each surface (central
finite difference), so you can see which surface's radius or tilt drives
the yield. Deterministic for a given *seed*. Spots are sampled to 99 % of the
pupil radius so that edge vignetting by a tilt cannot masquerade as an
improvement (`n_vignetted` would otherwise jump on the nominal design).
Every optics op validates its input before computing (nothing slips through silently):
• Units are baked into the argument name — _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad. Confusing mm with µm does not crash; it yields a plausible-looking wrong answer, so the name prevents it. Nothing here guesses the unit from the magnitude.
• **Strings raise ValueError** — float('50') succeeds, so an unparsed configuration value would slip through as a length (measured: thin_lens('50', '200') returned a plausible 66.667 mm). bool is refused too, as the implicit promotion True == 1.
• **complex / masked arrays raise ValueError (real-valued slots only; silently dropping the imaginary part or peeling off the mask is refused). NaN/Inf raises ValueError on every input.**
• Division by zero and its relatives are refused by name: focal length 0, radius of curvature 0, refractive index <= 0, a fully opaque aperture (all zeros, so the normalisation is 0/0), a PSF whose sum is <= 0, a Stokes vector with S0 = 0, and an object sitting at the front focal point (the image is at infinity).
• Only two ops return a non-finite value, and both state it as a contract: depth_of_field returns far_mm = inf beyond the hyperfocal distance (that is what the hyperfocal distance means), and gaussian_beam returns wavefront_radius_mm = inf at the waist (the radius of curvature of a plane wavefront). Both also return a finite companion (far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm). **Any other silent NaN/Inf is detected internally and raises ValueError** — "float64 overflowed" and "the answer is infinite" are different claims, so the first is never returned wearing the face of the second.
• Size caps: generated grids are capped by optics.MAX_GRID (4096); supplied fields/PSFs/apertures by optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS (2^24); ABCD element chains by optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS (1024); Zernike by MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS (512) / MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER (40) / MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS (2^25). This closes, fail-closed, the paths where a small argument triggers a huge internal allocation (measured: n_max=40 × 4096² needs 108 GB).
• Physically impossible states are refused too: a Stokes vector with degree of polarisation > 1, negative transmittance, negative intensity, and invalid Zernike indices such as n-|m| odd.
• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).
• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.
• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.
• lens_design_demo — py -3.11 examples/lens_design_demo.py
table as input)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · wavefront_from_opd · spot_diagram · ray_fan
design)lens_system · thick_lens · glass · example_system · glass_catalog · sellmeier · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients
*Provenance: raytrace.py — OPTICS operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.